Color vision refers to the ability to distinguish various wavelengths and perceive hue differences. Color vision defects, more prevalent in males, can be inherited or acquired and are assessed through tests like pseudo isochromatic plates and arrangement tests. Management includes patient counseling and, for some conditions, the use of color filters or monitoring treatment success in acquired defects.

1. PRESENTED BY
ATIKUR RAHMAN
Department of Optometry, RIPANS

2. What is color vision?
 Color vision is an ability to distinguish among various
wavelengths of light waves and to perceive the
differences in hue.

3. COLOR VISION DEFECTS
 It is a reduced ability to distinguish between certain
colors.
 Males are affected more than females.
 TYPES OF COLOR VISION DEFECT :
 Inherited color vision defect
 Acquired color vision defect

5. COLOR VISION TESTING
 Color vision test helps to identify red-green and blue
color blindness.
 TYPES OF COLOR VISSION TEST:
 Pseudo Isochromatic plates
 Arrangement Tests
 Anomaloscopes

6. PSEUDO ISOCHROMATIC PLATE
TESTS (PIC)
 PIC tests are designed on the basis of color confusions
made by persons with color defects.
 The test is in the form of booklet.
 Each figure is made up of dots that vary from the
background in hue as well as brightness.

7. PIC plates are designed in 4
different plates
 Transformation Plates
 Vanishing Plates
 Hidden Digit Plates
 Diagnostic Plates

8. TYPES PIC
A) Ishihara color plates:

9.  Ishihara is the most popular PIC test & comes in 3
different forms 16 plates,24plates & 38 plates.
 The test should be performed under standard room
illumination.
 The patient should recognize each plate at 75 cm
within 3 sec.

10. B) American Optical Company (AOC) Plates:
 It comprises of a set of 15 plates.
 It is used as a screening test.

11. C) Divorine test

12. Divorine test
 It consist of set of 15 PIC plates.
 It is use for identifying patients with hereditary red-green
color deficiencies.
 The test booklet consist both PIC plates and a color
naming test.

13. ARRANGEMENT TESTS
 These tests are most useful for both inherited &
acquired color defects.
Types of Arrangement Test
 Fransworth-munsel D-15 Test
 Fransworth 100 Hue Test

14. Fransworth-munsel D-15 Test

15. Fransworth-munsel D-15 Test
 It is designed to distinguish the functionally color
blind from the moderately color defective & the
normal.
 It detect not only red-green anomalies but also yellow-
blue anomalies.
 It consist of 15 different colored caps.

16. Fransworth 100 Hue Test

17. Fransworth 100 Hue Test
 Fransworth 100 Hue Test(FM 100-hue) is a sensitive
test.
 It consist of 85 caps located in 4 trays of 21 or 22 caps
each.
 Two reference caps are fixed at two ends of each tray.

18. Nagel Anomaloscopes

19.  This instrument is based on Rayleigh equation.
 Commonly used in the diagnosis of red-green
deficiencies.
 Assesses the observers ability to make a specific colour
match.
 It can be distinguishing between dichromates and
anomalous trichromates.

20. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE
OF NAGELS ANOMALOSCOPE TEST
ADVANTAGES
 Its superiority in distinguishing between dichromates
and anomalous trichromats.
 It remains the standard for classification of the four
types of red green defects.
 DISADVANTAGES
 Rarely used because of its difficulty to administer and
high cost.

21. PATIENTS SELECTION FOR THE
COLOR VISION TEST
 Choose patients who complains about the differences
in colour vision between two eyes.
 Test any patients who exhibit a sign of abnormality in
fundus.
 Choose patients who complains of unexplained
reduction in visual acuity.

22. MANAGEMENT OF COLOR VISION
DEFECTS
 It is important to counsel the patient for colour vision
defects.
 The practitioner should carefully listen to the patients
complain related with colour deficiency.
 There is no care for inherited colour defects.

23. Management of Inherited color
defects
 Patients Counseling.
 Color Filters.

24. Management of patients with Rod
Monochromatism
 The Rod monochromats usually have poor visual
acuity along with photophobia.

25. Management of patients with
acquired color defects
 Acquired color defects may affect each eye differently.
 The color vision testing should be done on frequent
intervals to monitor the success of treatment.

26. THANK YOU