Collections in .net technology (2160711)Janki Shah
Collections in .NET Framework.
- What is collections?
- Needs of Collections/ importance of collection
- various most useful classes of collection such as
ArrayList, Hashtable, Stack, Queue, BitArray, SortedList
Я расскажу о нестандартных особенностях языка для реальных проектов. Речь пойдет о том, зачем усложнять себе жизнь и какие преимущества это может дать.
- Protocol-Oriented Programming и его дилеммы
- Когда и зачем использовать обобщения и вложенные типы
- Настоящее и будущее Swift
Collections in .net technology (2160711)Janki Shah
Collections in .NET Framework.
- What is collections?
- Needs of Collections/ importance of collection
- various most useful classes of collection such as
ArrayList, Hashtable, Stack, Queue, BitArray, SortedList
Я расскажу о нестандартных особенностях языка для реальных проектов. Речь пойдет о том, зачем усложнять себе жизнь и какие преимущества это может дать.
- Protocol-Oriented Programming и его дилеммы
- Когда и зачем использовать обобщения и вложенные типы
- Настоящее и будущее Swift
This presentations gives an introduction to the data structure linked-lists. I discuss the implementation of header-based linked-lists in C. The presentation runs through the code and provides the visualization of the code w.r.t pointers.
Data Structure Introduction
Data Structure Definition
Data Structure Types
Data Structure Characteristics
Need for Data Structure
Stack Definition
Stack Representation
Stack Operations
Stack Algorithm
Program for Stack in C++
Linked List Definition
Linked List Representation
Linked List Operations
Linked List Algorithm
Program for Linked List in C++
Linked List Defination
Linked List Representation
Linked List Operations
Linked List Algorithm
Program for Linked List in C++
This presentations gives an introduction to the data structure linked-lists. I discuss the implementation of header-based linked-lists in C. The presentation runs through the code and provides the visualization of the code w.r.t pointers.
Data Structure Introduction
Data Structure Definition
Data Structure Types
Data Structure Characteristics
Need for Data Structure
Stack Definition
Stack Representation
Stack Operations
Stack Algorithm
Program for Stack in C++
Linked List Definition
Linked List Representation
Linked List Operations
Linked List Algorithm
Program for Linked List in C++
Linked List Defination
Linked List Representation
Linked List Operations
Linked List Algorithm
Program for Linked List in C++
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Collections Framework is a unified architecture for managing collections, Main Parts of Collections Framework
1. Interfaces :- Core interfaces defining common functionality exhibited by collections
2. Implementations :- Concrete classes of the core interfaces providing data structures
3. Operations :- Methods that perform various operations on collections
The Collections Framework (java.util)- Collections overview, Collection Interfaces, The Collection classes- Array List, Linked List, Hash Set, Tree Set, Priority Queue, Array Deque. Accessing a Collection via an Iterator, Using an Iterator, The For-Each alternative, Map Interfaces and Classes, Comparators, Collection algorithms, Arrays, The Legacy Classes and Interfaces- Dictionary, Hashtable ,Properties, Stack, Vector More Utility classes, String Tokenizer, Bit Set, Date, Calendar, Random, Formatter, Scanner
The Collection in Java is a framework that provides an architecture to store and manipulate the group of objects.
Java Collections can achieve all the operations that you perform on a data such as searching, sorting, insertion, manipulation, and deletion.
Java Collection means a single unit of objects. Java Collection framework provides many interfaces (Set, List, Queue, Deque) and classes (ArrayList, Vector, LinkedList, PriorityQueue, HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet).
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
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JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
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But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
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And...
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• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
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2. A Collection is a container that groups similar elements
into an entity.
Examples would include a list of bank accounts, set of
students, group of telephone numbers.
The Collections framework in Java offers a unified
approach to store, retrieve and manipulate a group of
data
Java’s Collection framework has an intuitive approach
when compared to other complex frameworks such as
C++
3. Helpful to developers by providing all standard data structures
algorithms to let the developer concentrate more on functionality
rather than the lower level details
Faster execution: with a range of options available for choice of
implementation. The framework aids in improving the quality and
performance of Java applications.
Code to interface: Since the collections framework is coded on the
principles of “Code to Interface”, it aids in inter-operability between
APIs that are not directly related.
Learning Curve: Easy to learn and start using Collections due to the
“Code to Interface” principles.
4. The Collection framework forms a suitable
hierarchy:
Collection
Set List Queue
SortedSet
Map
SortedMap
5. The core Collections framework is very generic in nature and provides a
standard interface to all operations that can be performed.
For example the root interface Collection is declared as public interface
Collection <E>
◦ E represents a generic object.
Collection: This interface is pretty much used in declarations and method
signatures so any type of Collections can be passed around.
Set: A Collection interface that cannot take any duplicate elements.
List: An ordered Collection interface that allows duplicate elements and provides
object retrieval based on an integer index.
Queue: Apart from following the FIFO (First In First Out) principles this
Collection offers variety of implementation.
Map: Supports Collection of key and value pairs. Design does not allow
duplicate keys.
Sorted Set: Ordered version of the set interface.
Sorted Map: Maintains ascending order of keys.
7. Two ways to iterate over Collections:
◦ Iterator
static void loopThrough(Collection col){
for (Iterator <E> iter = col.iterator();iter.hasnext()) {
Object obj=iter.next();
}
}
◦ For-each
static void loopThrough(Collection col){
for (Object obj: col) {
//access object
}
}
8. Set Interface: It offers inherited services from the root
Collection interface with the added functionality of
restricting duplicate elements.
Implementations:
Set
HashSet TreeSet LinkedHashSet
9. Adding unique objects to a collection
Collection <String> uniqueString (Collection<String> c)
{
Set<String> uniqueSetStr = new HashSet<String>();
for (String str: c)
{
if(!uniqueStrSet.add(str)){
System.out.println(“Duplicate deleted:”+ str);
}
}
return uniqueStrSet;
10. Idioms for using bulk operations on sets:
Copy a set when doing bulk operations to retain the original set.
Example:
Set <String> unionSet = new TreeSet<String>(set1);
unionSet.addAll(set2);
HashSet TreeSet Linked HashSet
Storage Type Hash Table Red-Black Tree Hash Table with
a Linked List
Performance Best
performance
Slower than
HashSet
Little costly than
HashSet
Order of
Iteration
No guarantee of
order of
iteration
Order based Orders elements
based on
insertion
11. In addition to the core services inherited from the root collection
interface, the list interface offers
◦ Positional access
◦ Search
◦ Customized Iteration
◦ Range-view
List Implementation
◦ ArrayList offers better performance compared to Linkedlist.
List
Arraylist Vector Linkedlist
12. Bulk Operations
◦ listA.addAll(listB); // append elements.
Positional access and search
◦ Eg: To swap elements in a list.
public static<String> void swap(List<String>strList, int k, int l)
{
String strTmp = strList.get(l);
strList.set(k,strList.get(l));
strList.set(l,strTmp);
}
13. Customized Iteration: ListIterator
◦ Offers iteration in both directions, forward and backward
◦ Example:
for(ListIterator<String>
lIter=strList.listIterator(strList.size());lIter.hasPrevious())
{
String str = lIter.previous();
}
14. Range-View:
◦ subList(int from, int to) returns a view portion of the
sublist starting from <from> to <to> exclusive.
15. sort: Uses mergesort
shuffle: Randomly shuffles elements
reverse: Reverses order of elements
rotate: Rotates list by specified number
fill: Overwrites every element with specified element.
copy: Copies source list into destination.
binarySearch: Performs search usng binary search.
indexOfSubList: Returns index of first subList found.
lastIndexOfSubList: Returns index of the last subList found.
16. In addition to the inherited core services offered by
Collection, queue offers following methods in two flavors:
Purpose Throw
Exception
Return Special
Value
Insert Inserts an elements
to the queue
add(obj) offer(obj)
Remove Remove head of the
queue and return it.
remove() poll()
Examine Return the head of
the queue
element() peek()
17. Basic operations:
◦ Val put (Object key);
◦ Val get (Object key);
◦ Val remove (Object key);
◦ boolean containsKey (Object key);
◦ boolean containsValue (Object value);
◦ int size();
◦ boolean isEmpty();
Bulk services
◦ Void putAll(Map<? extends Key, ? extends Val> map);
◦ void clear();
18. Views
public set<Key> keySet();
public collection<Val> values();
public set<Maps.Entry<Key,Val>> entrySet();
Examples:
Iteration over a map
for(Map.Entry<?,vtype> elem: map.entrySet())
System.out.print(element.getKey()+”:”+element.getValue());
To find If a map contains another map
If(map1.entrySet().containsAll(Map2.entrySet()))
If two map objects contain same keys
If(map1.keyset().equals(map2.keyset()))
To find out common keys behave two map objects
Set<Ktype> common keys = new Hashset<Ktype>(map1.commonkeys.retainAll(map2.keyset());
20. SortedSet stores elements in ascending order as per the natural
ordering or as defined by a comparator provided at instantiation time.
Also the iterator and toArray methods iterate and return array in
sorted order.
Additional Services provided:
◦ SortedSet <Element> subSet (Element fromElement, Element toElement);
◦ SortedSet <Element> headSet (Element toElement);
◦ SortedSet <Element> tailSet (Element fromElement);
◦ element first();
◦ element last();
◦ Comparator <? Super Element> comparator();
21. Organizes data in ascending order based on natural
ordering of the keys or a comparator supplied at
instantiation time.
Services provided in addition to Map interface:
◦ Comparator <? super Key> comparator();
◦ SortedMap<Key, Value> SubMap(Key from, key to);
◦ SortedMap<Key, Value> headMap (key to);
◦ SortedMap<Key, Value> tailMap(key from);
◦ Key firstKey();
◦ Key lastKey();
22. ThreadSafety
◦ The bulk operations like keySet(), values() and entrySet()
return collections that can be modified automatically
when the underlying collection changes.
23. Collections by default are not threadsafe
In order to achieve thread-safety the following utility methods from
<collection> can be employed.
Encapsulation
◦ Implementation style, where the access to the collection is only from a thread-safe
client
Synchronization
◦ Collections.synchronizedList (new LinkedList(…));
Unmodifiable
◦ Collections.unmodifiableList(new LinkedList(…));
Fail-safe iterator
◦ Using fail-safe iterators makes sure the collection is not modified as it is iterated.