Cohesion is the use of repetition, transitional expressions, and other devices (cohesive cues) to guide readers and show how the parts of a composition relate to one other.

2. What is a text?

3. “A text may be spoken or
written, prose or
verb, dialogue or
monologue. It may be
anything from a single
proverb to a whole play.”

4. For example,

5. Cohesion or Cohesive attraction or Cohesive
force is the action or property of molecules
sticking together, being mutually attractive. This
is an intrinsic property of a substance that is
caused by the shape and structure of its
molecules which makes the distribution of
orbiting electrons irregular when molecules get
close to one another, creating electrical
attraction that can maintain a microscopic
structure such as a water drop. In other
words, cohesion allows for surface
tension, creating a "solid-like" state upon which
light (in weight) or low density materials can be
placed.

6. In a text,
The unity of sentences
contributing to the meaning
is called Texture.

7. The occurrence of a pair of
cohesively related items is
called a Tie. It could be a
Reference or a Repetition.

8. A Cohesive tie helps in
distinguishing between
spoken and written
passages, difference
between genres and works
of different writers.

9. What is cohesion?

10. Cohesion is the use
of repetition, transitional
expressions, and other
devices (cohesive cues) to
guide readers and show how
the parts of a
composition relate to one
other.

11. “
When the big parts fit, we call
that good feeling coherence ;
when sentences connect, we
call it cohesion.”
Roy Peter Clark, Writing Tools:
50 Essential Strategies for Every
Writer (Little, Brown, 2006)

12. Coherent presentation is
how it is presented
Cohesive presentation is
what is presented.

13. Coherence is then the
selective writing with the
help of a proper order.
A chronological order in a
fictional action sequence
or a cause and effect in a
factual document.

14. Cohesiveness is when the
interpretation of the
meaning of one element
in the text is dependent
on the other.

15. Types of Cohesion

16. Transition and Link Words

17. TRANSITIONAL WORDS
first, second, third, finally,
in the beginning, at the
start, to begin/start with,
after that, then, in
between, before than,
finally etc.

18. LINK WORDS
similarly/ in the same way/ in a
different way/ but/ on the one hand …
on the other hand/ in contrast/
though/ however/ moreover/ in
addition/ on top of that/ whereas….
This mostly goes together with the use
of comparatives like more/ most/
better/ best/ worse/ worst/ better
than/ worse than/ even worse.

19. Other link words ( for cause and
effect)
because/ consequently/
therefore/ as a result/
. Conditional truths may be
announced by words
like depending on/ given that/
assuming that.

20. Performative Verbs and
Commenting Adverbs
and Modal Verbs

21. Performative Verbs
X claims, X states, X argues, X
insists, X mentions, X believes, X
postulates ,or (the author)
postulates, suggests, describes, i
llustrates, criticizes, demonstrat
es, believes, assumes, concludes
.

22. Commenting Adverbs
obviously, essentially, cruc
ially, certainly, secretively,
tacitly, boldly, clearly, alle
gedly, surreptitiously

23. Modal Verbs
may/ might/ can be/
could be/ is/ has/ is not/
cannot be/ must be

24. Anaphora, Synonyms and
Hyponyms

25. Anaphoric elements as in pronouns
as in this/ that/ he/ she/ / it/ they/
who/ which.
Synonyms and Hyponyms of the
words to avoid repetition.

26. Example of Hyponyms –
1. They cleaned the roof.
The tiles were all dirty.
2.The book was sent by post.
The cover was missing, and
many pages torn.