Human learning system is highly sensitive to
responsive system according the processing, mapping, motion,
auditory and visualization system. Special education system is
implemented to overcome the demanded sense of the human
special care sensitive signals. This responsive system is
balanced and effectively instrumented with modern
technological learning pedagogy to bring the special need
learners into the normal learning system. In the learning
process, cognitive human sensors directly influence the
learning effectiveness. This paper attempted to observe the
cognitive load such as mental , physical , temporal
,performance , effort and frustration in the long term , short
term, working , instant , responsive, process, recollect ,
reference , instruction and action memory and classify the
observed values as per the generalized and specialized
properties. The six working loads are observed in the ten types
of learning system. The classification analysis aimed to
predicate the pattern for learning system for specific learning
challenges.
Towards an intelligent tutoring system to down syndromeijcsit
With the rapid and the fast development of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent tutoring Systems
(ITSs) are becoming one of the most important area of research and development. Intelligent tutoring
Systems have very good impact for making computer-based instruction more adaptive and interactive.
Intelligent tutoring Systems are becoming important aspect of educational systems that makes use of
adaptive technologies to bring in aspects of a human-teacher delivering personalized and customized
tutoring to a student, into online computer-based learning environments.
Early Intervention Program (EIP) is very important to improve and enhance the overall development of
children with Tiresome 21 (Down syndrome). Up till now, there is no ITS for Early Intervention for Down
syndrome children. In order to help a child and parents in the implementation of Early Intervention
Program, a proposed ITS framework has been developed. This ITS can help his/her parents assess and
evaluate children's' skills in order to provide effective early intervention services to handicaps children
according to their mental age and to evaluate their progress and learn.
This paper explore the construction requirements to build ITS for Down syndrome children, and the points
that differ the ITS for Down syndrome from the traditional ITSs.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
This research aims to understand the influence process of science skill and motivation learning with creativity learn. Data about the process of scince skill, motivation and creativity learn collected by test questioner instrument. Data analysis with regression analysis and correlation. Research shows that: There is the influence of skill process of science to the process of creativity learn with correlation coefficient r=0.634, there is the influence of motivation learn students to creativity learning with correlation coefficient r=0.55, the process of science skills and motivation to study for students influence of creativity learn with correlation coefficient r=0.935. This study concluded that skill process of science and the motivation to study student could creative learning.
Towards an intelligent tutoring system to down syndromeijcsit
With the rapid and the fast development of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent tutoring Systems
(ITSs) are becoming one of the most important area of research and development. Intelligent tutoring
Systems have very good impact for making computer-based instruction more adaptive and interactive.
Intelligent tutoring Systems are becoming important aspect of educational systems that makes use of
adaptive technologies to bring in aspects of a human-teacher delivering personalized and customized
tutoring to a student, into online computer-based learning environments.
Early Intervention Program (EIP) is very important to improve and enhance the overall development of
children with Tiresome 21 (Down syndrome). Up till now, there is no ITS for Early Intervention for Down
syndrome children. In order to help a child and parents in the implementation of Early Intervention
Program, a proposed ITS framework has been developed. This ITS can help his/her parents assess and
evaluate children's' skills in order to provide effective early intervention services to handicaps children
according to their mental age and to evaluate their progress and learn.
This paper explore the construction requirements to build ITS for Down syndrome children, and the points
that differ the ITS for Down syndrome from the traditional ITSs.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
This research aims to understand the influence process of science skill and motivation learning with creativity learn. Data about the process of scince skill, motivation and creativity learn collected by test questioner instrument. Data analysis with regression analysis and correlation. Research shows that: There is the influence of skill process of science to the process of creativity learn with correlation coefficient r=0.634, there is the influence of motivation learn students to creativity learning with correlation coefficient r=0.55, the process of science skills and motivation to study for students influence of creativity learn with correlation coefficient r=0.935. This study concluded that skill process of science and the motivation to study student could creative learning.
Tangible user interface design for learners with different multiple intellige...IJECEIAES
The creation of learning activities responsive to learners with different basic skills has been limited due to a classroom environment and applied technologies. The goals of this research were to develop Tang-MI, a game with a tangible user interface supporting primary school learners’ analytical skills based on the theory of multiple intelligences (MI), and to present design guidelines for a tangible user interface suitable for learners in different MI groups. In this research, the Tangible user interface for multiple intelligence (Tang-MI) was tested with thirty students initially evaluated for their multiple intelligences. The learners’ usage behavior was observed and recorded while the students performed the assigned tasks. The behavioral data were analyzed and grouped into behaviors occurring before performing the tasks, during the tasks, and after completing the tasks. Based on the learners’ usage behavior, the tangible user interface design guidelines for learners in different MI groups were proposed concerning physical equipment design, question design, interactive program design, audio design, and animated visual feedback design. These guidelines would help educators build learning games that respond to the learners’ intelligence styles and enhance students’ motivation to learn.
Student View on Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems about Success and Rete...ijmpict
Purpose of this research is to determine the students' point of view about web based intelligent tutoring system's (WBITS) availability, effects on the success and contribution to learning about work, energy and conservation of energy topics. The system will be evaluated on student's angle of view. Intelligence tutoring system that used on the research is used only online by 21 Elementary School Math Teacher candidate for 4 weeks on Physics I course. Public opinion poll that developed by the researchers have used as a data gathering tool. Data gathered in this research has analyzed by descriptive statistical method. Participant students have underlined that web based intelligent tutoring systems are effective on physics courses. Mathematics teacher candidates have expressed their opinion that it is helpful to use the WBITS because it is not depending on time and place, it has capability to serve lots of events and problem solving possibility and it is helping to increase the education performance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Instructional media functioning to deliver the lesson has a very important role. There are a lot of instructional media used in learning process; one of those is interactive multimedia. This study aims to find out students response toward game based interactive media as instructional media in elementary school. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative. The sample in this study was 10 students 5th grade elementary school. The data collecting methods were interview, observation and questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using interactive analysis consist of data collecting, data reduction, data presenting and conclusion. The result of this study shows that the student gave a good response toward game-based interactive multimedia. The students like and support the use of game based interactive multimedia as instructional media. Students felt that it was easier to understand lesson because the lesson was delivered not only through text, but also picture, audio, video and animation. The game in interactive media make the student be entertained and active in learning process. It is suggested that the teacher cooperate with the expert in education technology to improve interactive multimedia as interaction media.
MUSEUM PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA: HAS IT BEEN USEFUL?IJITE
This paper is a case study of Museum Pendidikan Indonesia where the Head of Museum and some visitors
of this Museum had been interviewed. Related to the selection of case study model, the writer wanted to
raise the thing to the surface until it becomes public knowledge. Furthermore, this case study is a
Retrospective Case Study, which allows for the follow-up of treatment or improvement of a case. The
objective was to find out whether the Museum has used optimally as a learning resource. Therefore,
interview methods has been choosen to strengthen and clarify the data obtained is about utilization and
management of the Museum. To sum up the interview result, the Museums has been maximal in completing
its role. The result showed that Museum Pendidikan Indonesia had been used as a learning resource.
However, this museum still needs to do quality improvement regarding collection, display, promotion, and
system.
Using Visual Aids to Enhance Third Year Undergraduate Teacher Trainee Student...Premier Publishers
There is a plethora of teaching strategies that are espoused by the science teacher to attain his/her lesson objectives. Researchers have over the years found most of these methods, the tactics used by teachers in teaching, to be effective in teaching science concepts to learners. However, research has not ascertained which one teaching strategy is most effective in imparting knowledge to learners. This study seeks to find an appropriate teaching strategy that will arouse the interest and participation of students in the teaching and learning process. Visual aids were employed as the main intervention strategy. A total of one hundred third year undergraduate teacher trainees from the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana constitute the research sample. The participants were put into experimental and control groups. Tests and questionnaires were the main instruments used to collect data for analysis. Data collected were analyzed quantitatively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS. The study found that the academic achievement of the students in the experimental group improved tremendously after the intervention, as opposed to that of their counterparts in the control group. The study concludes with the recommendation that visual aids should be used to teach concepts of science that are abstract in nature in order to make the lesson real to the learners.
An Ant Colony Optimization based Advice Generation for Curriculum Sequencing ...idescitation
Curriculum sequencing aims to provide a customized optimal learning path
through the curriculum landscape to individual learners since learners have different prior
background knowledge, preferences, and goals. Researchers have given considerable
attention to flexible curriculum sequencing control to provide adaptable, personalized
learning programs. In an adaptive educational system, an optimal learning path aims to
maximize a combination of parameters including the learner’s understanding of courseware
and the efficiency of learning the courseware. Flexibility in learning offers a learner an
autonomy and control over his/her learning process as self-regulated learning. There exist a
number of dimensions of flexible learning like class times, course content, location,
organizational infrastructure, methods, learning styles, course requirements etc. This paper
presents a scheme for advice generation, with the help of ACO, for curriculum sequencing
under flexible learning system. The proposed frame work provides flexibility in time by
asking the learner his affordability and allows his choice of the subjects to be learned by
tracking his learning experiences. On the basis of these parameters, an optimized advice is
generated, suggesting the learner, his future course of action, to be targeted towards the
achievement of his learning objectives. The proposed system has been found to work
satisfactorily with various test cases.
Tangible user interface design for learners with different multiple intellige...IJECEIAES
The creation of learning activities responsive to learners with different basic skills has been limited due to a classroom environment and applied technologies. The goals of this research were to develop Tang-MI, a game with a tangible user interface supporting primary school learners’ analytical skills based on the theory of multiple intelligences (MI), and to present design guidelines for a tangible user interface suitable for learners in different MI groups. In this research, the Tangible user interface for multiple intelligence (Tang-MI) was tested with thirty students initially evaluated for their multiple intelligences. The learners’ usage behavior was observed and recorded while the students performed the assigned tasks. The behavioral data were analyzed and grouped into behaviors occurring before performing the tasks, during the tasks, and after completing the tasks. Based on the learners’ usage behavior, the tangible user interface design guidelines for learners in different MI groups were proposed concerning physical equipment design, question design, interactive program design, audio design, and animated visual feedback design. These guidelines would help educators build learning games that respond to the learners’ intelligence styles and enhance students’ motivation to learn.
Student View on Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems about Success and Rete...ijmpict
Purpose of this research is to determine the students' point of view about web based intelligent tutoring system's (WBITS) availability, effects on the success and contribution to learning about work, energy and conservation of energy topics. The system will be evaluated on student's angle of view. Intelligence tutoring system that used on the research is used only online by 21 Elementary School Math Teacher candidate for 4 weeks on Physics I course. Public opinion poll that developed by the researchers have used as a data gathering tool. Data gathered in this research has analyzed by descriptive statistical method. Participant students have underlined that web based intelligent tutoring systems are effective on physics courses. Mathematics teacher candidates have expressed their opinion that it is helpful to use the WBITS because it is not depending on time and place, it has capability to serve lots of events and problem solving possibility and it is helping to increase the education performance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Instructional media functioning to deliver the lesson has a very important role. There are a lot of instructional media used in learning process; one of those is interactive multimedia. This study aims to find out students response toward game based interactive media as instructional media in elementary school. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative. The sample in this study was 10 students 5th grade elementary school. The data collecting methods were interview, observation and questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using interactive analysis consist of data collecting, data reduction, data presenting and conclusion. The result of this study shows that the student gave a good response toward game-based interactive multimedia. The students like and support the use of game based interactive multimedia as instructional media. Students felt that it was easier to understand lesson because the lesson was delivered not only through text, but also picture, audio, video and animation. The game in interactive media make the student be entertained and active in learning process. It is suggested that the teacher cooperate with the expert in education technology to improve interactive multimedia as interaction media.
MUSEUM PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA: HAS IT BEEN USEFUL?IJITE
This paper is a case study of Museum Pendidikan Indonesia where the Head of Museum and some visitors
of this Museum had been interviewed. Related to the selection of case study model, the writer wanted to
raise the thing to the surface until it becomes public knowledge. Furthermore, this case study is a
Retrospective Case Study, which allows for the follow-up of treatment or improvement of a case. The
objective was to find out whether the Museum has used optimally as a learning resource. Therefore,
interview methods has been choosen to strengthen and clarify the data obtained is about utilization and
management of the Museum. To sum up the interview result, the Museums has been maximal in completing
its role. The result showed that Museum Pendidikan Indonesia had been used as a learning resource.
However, this museum still needs to do quality improvement regarding collection, display, promotion, and
system.
Using Visual Aids to Enhance Third Year Undergraduate Teacher Trainee Student...Premier Publishers
There is a plethora of teaching strategies that are espoused by the science teacher to attain his/her lesson objectives. Researchers have over the years found most of these methods, the tactics used by teachers in teaching, to be effective in teaching science concepts to learners. However, research has not ascertained which one teaching strategy is most effective in imparting knowledge to learners. This study seeks to find an appropriate teaching strategy that will arouse the interest and participation of students in the teaching and learning process. Visual aids were employed as the main intervention strategy. A total of one hundred third year undergraduate teacher trainees from the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana constitute the research sample. The participants were put into experimental and control groups. Tests and questionnaires were the main instruments used to collect data for analysis. Data collected were analyzed quantitatively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS. The study found that the academic achievement of the students in the experimental group improved tremendously after the intervention, as opposed to that of their counterparts in the control group. The study concludes with the recommendation that visual aids should be used to teach concepts of science that are abstract in nature in order to make the lesson real to the learners.
An Ant Colony Optimization based Advice Generation for Curriculum Sequencing ...idescitation
Curriculum sequencing aims to provide a customized optimal learning path
through the curriculum landscape to individual learners since learners have different prior
background knowledge, preferences, and goals. Researchers have given considerable
attention to flexible curriculum sequencing control to provide adaptable, personalized
learning programs. In an adaptive educational system, an optimal learning path aims to
maximize a combination of parameters including the learner’s understanding of courseware
and the efficiency of learning the courseware. Flexibility in learning offers a learner an
autonomy and control over his/her learning process as self-regulated learning. There exist a
number of dimensions of flexible learning like class times, course content, location,
organizational infrastructure, methods, learning styles, course requirements etc. This paper
presents a scheme for advice generation, with the help of ACO, for curriculum sequencing
under flexible learning system. The proposed frame work provides flexibility in time by
asking the learner his affordability and allows his choice of the subjects to be learned by
tracking his learning experiences. On the basis of these parameters, an optimized advice is
generated, suggesting the learner, his future course of action, to be targeted towards the
achievement of his learning objectives. The proposed system has been found to work
satisfactorily with various test cases.
Describe how you would identify bottlenecks in your value stream .docxtheodorelove43763
Describe how you would identify bottlenecks in your value stream? How would you ensure sustained flow through those bottlenecks?
Answer:
The term ‘bottleneck’ (capacity constraint) comes from the area at the top of the bottle that limits the flow coming out. It doesn’t matter how big the rest of the bottle is—liquid will only flow out as fast as the size of the neck will allow.
There are two main types of bottlenecks:
· Short-term bottlenecks – These are caused by temporary problems.
· Long-term bottlenecks – These occur all the time.
Bottleneck identification in value stream:
The simplest and most logical way to identify process bottlenecks is to look for the biggest causes of stress. Consider these questions:
· Is there a routine or system that has a high level of employee stress involved in it? If there is, then it is not a well-laid out system.
· Is work continually delayed because employees are waiting for reports, products, more information or other resources?
· Is there too much work piled up at one end of the production (or service) cycle and not enough at the other end?
· Are certain departments always late in delivering needed items to both internal and external customers?
· Perform simulation of system according to flow chart of value chain
Way to eliminate bottleneck for sustained flow:
Once you identify the root cause of your bottleneck, try one or more of these ideas to improve workflow:
· Increase quality of input.-zero defect feed at bottlenecks
· Reorganize workflow
· Assign your best teams & technology at bottlenecks
· Add capacity.
· Accept partial delivery
References
http://www.qmpls.org/KnowledgeCentre/Newsletter/CurrentIssue/tabid/88/entryid/153/Default.aspx
http://www.slideshare.net/dutconsult/eliminating-the-production-bottlenecks
Describe the importance of process mapping in a supply chain flow? How would you use process maps? How do you know what to focus on when creating a process map?
Answer
Supply chain mapping allows a company to identify bottlenecks by:
· providing visibility into how processes are carried out;
· identifying where the processes are executed;
· identifying who is doing what within the processes;
· revealing how processes affect other processes;
· determining why a process is being executed
· identify activities within a process that are not adding value;
Process maps are also known as flowcharts, flow diagrams, relationship maps or blueprints. Process maps can be used to create virtual model of system and performing simulations. Which will be used for analyzing bottlenecks in system , Rework pattern, Time consumption for at rework, cycle time, Inventory at various stages of system. They Can also be used to train new employees or to brief consultant about business process. Process maps can be created by Microsoft visio and eVSM add in for manufacturing unit.
When creating process maps:
· Identify All Value adding process/ activities
· Identifies value add points
· Identifies value.
The study aimed to identify the cognitive load and its relationshipwith mental capacity in accordance their levels at the students of the secondary stage in the terms of Sweller theory. The study sample consisted of (300) male and female eleventh and twelfth grade students from the leadership schools in Amman. The researcher used the cognitive load scale and the mental capacity scale.The results showed a high level of cognitive load in male and female, a high cognitive Load on students of scientific specialization rather than literary specialization, and that the mental capacity of the study sample in general is moderate, and that the mental capacity of students of scientific specialization is high compared to the mental capacity of students of literary specialization. In addition, that the association between higher mental capacity and cognitive load was higher in males than in females, and that the relationship between the mean mental capacity of both sexes with the cognitive load was statistically significant.
This study aims to determine the views of students majoring in mathematics education and natural science faculty of teacher training and education science at Universitas Jambi to use electronic’s module in physics practicum which is based on science process skills. The study involved 117 students majoring in mathematics education and science which consists of 59 students of physical education and 58 students of mathematics education. This research is descriptive quantitative research in order to obtain information mean (M), median (Me), mode (Mo), percentage, the range of the maximum value and the minimum value. Data was collected by using questionnaires and interviews. Based on the research results from students’ perceptions of physical education in good category at 64.4% while the student's perception of mathematics education in good category amounting to 55.2%.
Thesis Proposal: Reflective Abstraction in the Modern Day School CurriculumJacob Stotler
Research covering and supporting the use and allocation of pupil time for psychology. The reserved slot of time in the modern day classroom for pupils to spend psychologically reflecting, as Piaget termed "reflective abstraction." Brain training and building idealization from the use of abstraction thought and reflecting previously encountered lessons may advance students, increase cognitive capacity, and may enhance cognitive and academic performance.
Applying language learning theories to the use of virtual classroom in teaching literature –a pilot study
John Dewey, Jean Piaget, and Audrey Gray are some of the proponents of Constructivism. Constructivism represents a paradigm shift from education based on behaviourism to education based on cognitive theory. Behaviourist model for instructional design develops a set of instructional sequences having predefined outputs which are used for subject development. Cognitive theory concentrates on the conceptualization of students’ learning processes and exploration of the way information is received, organized, retained and used by the brain (Thompson et al, 1996).
Gagnon and Collay (1999) state that in constructivist paradigm, knowledge is constructed by learners during (1) active learning, (2) making their own representation of action, (3) conveying meaning to others, and (4) explaining things they don‘t understand completely. At the minimum, a learning environment contains: the student and a setting or space wherein the student acts, uses tools and devices, collects and interprets information, interacts with others, etc. (Wilson, 1996)
According to constructivists, knowledge is not received from the outside or from someone else; it is the individual student’s interpretation and processing of what is received through the senses that creates knowledge. Students should be allowed to construct knowledge rather than being given knowledge through instruction (Duffy & Cunningham, 1996).
A review on data mining techniques for Digital Mammographic Analysisijdmtaiir
- Medical Data mining is the search for relationships
and patterns within the medical data that could provide useful
knowledge for effective medical diagnosis. The predictability
of disease will become more effective and early detection of
disease will aid in increased exposure to required patient care
and improved cure rates using computational applications.
Review shows that the reasons for feature selection include
improvement in performance prediction, reduction in
computational requirements, reduction in data storage
requirements, reduction in the cost of future measurements
and improvement in data or model understanding
Comparison on PCA ICA and LDA in Face Recognitionijdmtaiir
Face recognition is used in wide range of application.
In recent years, face recognition has become one of the most
successful applications in image analysis and understanding.
Different statistical method and research groups reported a
contradictory result when comparing principal component
analysis (PCA) algorithm, independent component analysis
(ICA) algorithm, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
algorithm that has been proposed in recent years. The goal of
this paper is to compare and analyze the three algorithms and
conclude which is best. Feret Dataset is used for consistency
A Novel Approach to Mathematical Concepts in Data Miningijdmtaiir
-This paper describes three different fundamental
mathematical programming approaches that are relevant to
data mining. They are: Feature Selection, Clustering and
Robust Representation. This paper comprises of two clustering
algorithms such as K-mean algorithm and K-median
algorithms. Clustering is illustrated by the unsupervised
learning of patterns and clusters that may exist in a given
databases and useful tool for Knowledge Discovery in
Database (KDD). The results of k-median algorithm are used
to collecting the blood cancer patient from a medical database.
K-mean clustering is a data mining/machine learning algorithm
used to cluster observations into groups of related observations
without any prior knowledge of those relationships. The kmean algorithm is one of the simplest clustering techniques
and it is commonly used in medical imaging, biometrics and
related fields.
Analysis of Classification Algorithm in Data Miningijdmtaiir
Data Mining is the extraction of hidden predictive
information from large database. Classification is the process
of finding a model that describes and distinguishes data classes
or concept. This paper performs the study of prediction of class
label using C4.5 and Naïve Bayesian algorithm.C4.5 generates
classifiers expressed as decision trees from a fixed set of
examples. The resulting tree is used to classify future samples
.The leaf nodes of the decision tree contain the class name
whereas a non-leaf node is a decision node. The decision node
is an attribute test with each branch (to another decision tree)
being a possible value of the attribute. C4.5 uses information
gain to help it decide which attribute goes into a decision node.
A Naïve Bayesian classifier is a simple probabilistic classifier
based on applying Baye’s theorem with strong (naive)
independence assumptions. Naive Bayesian classifier assumes
that the effect of an attribute value on a given class is
independent of the values of the other attribute. This
assumption is called class conditional independence. The
results indicate that Predicting of class label using Naïve
Bayesian classifier is very effective and simple compared to
C4.5 classifier
Performance Analysis of Selected Classifiers in User Profilingijdmtaiir
User profiles can serve as indicators of personal
preferences which can be effectively used while providing
personalized services. Building user files which can capture
accurate information of individuals has been a daunting task.
Several attempts have been made by researchers to extract
information from different data sources to build user profiles
on different application domains. Towards this end, in this
paper we employ different classification algorithmsto create
accurate user profiles based on information gathered from
demographic data. The aim of this work is to analyze the
performance of five most effective classification methods,
namely Bayesian Network(BN), Naïve Bayesian(NB), Naives
Bayes Updateable(NBU), J48, and Decision Table(DT). Our
simulation results show that, in general, the J48has the highest
classification accuracy performance with the lowest error rate.
On the other hand, it is found that Naïve Bayesian and Naives
Bayes Updateable classifiers have the lowest time requirement
to build the classification model
Analysis of Sales and Distribution of an IT Industry Using Data Mining Techni...ijdmtaiir
The goal of this work is to allow a corporation to
improve its marketing, sales, and customer support operations
through a better understanding of its customers. Keep in mind,
however, that the data mining techniques and tools described
here are equally applicable in fields ranging from law
enforcement to radio astronomy, medicine, and industrial
process control. Businesses in today’s environment
increasingly focus on gaining competitive advantages.
Organizations have recognized that the effective use of data is
the key element in the next generation is to predict the sales
value and emerging trend of technology market. Data is
becoming an important resource for the companies to analyze
existing sales value with current technology trends and this
will be more useful for the companies to identify future sales
value. There a variety of data analysis and modeling techniques
to discover patterns and relationships in data that are used to
understand what your customers want and predict what they
will do. The main focus of this is to help companies to select
the right prospects on whom to focus, offer the right additional
products to company’s existing customers and identify good
customers who may be about to leave. This results in improved
revenue because of a greatly improved ability to respond to
each individual contact in the best way and reduced costs due
to properly allocated resources. Keywords: sales, customer,
technology, profit.
Analysis of Influences of memory on Cognitive load Using Neural Network Back ...ijdmtaiir
Educational mining used to evaluate the leaner's
performance and the learning environment. The learning
process are involved and influenced by different
components. The memory is playing vital role in the
process of learning. The long term, short term, working,
instant, responsive, process, recollect, reference,
instruction and action memory are involved in the
process of learning. The influencing factors on these
memories are identified through the construction analysis
of Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithm. The
observed set of data represented using cubical dataset
format for the mining approach. The mining process is
carried out using neural network based back propagation
network model to decide the influencing cognitive load
for the different learning challenges. The learners’
difficulties are identified through the experimental
results.
An Analysis of Data Mining Applications for Fraud Detection in Securities Marketijdmtaiir
-In recent securities fraud broadly refers to deceptive
practices in connection with the offering for sale of securities.
There are many challenges involved in developing data mining
applications for fraud detection in securities market, including:
massive datasets, accuracy, privacy, performance measures and
complexity. The impacts on the market and the training of
regulators are other issues that need to be addressed. In this
paper we present the results of a Comprehensive systematic
literature review on data mining techniques for detecting
fraudulent activities and market manipulation in securities
market. We identify the best practices that are based on data
mining methods for detecting known fraudulent patterns and
discovering new predatory strategies. Furthermore, we
highlight the challenges faced in the development and
implementation of data mining systems for detecting market
manipulation in securities market and we provide
recommendation for future research works accordingly
An Ill-identified Classification to Predict Cardiac Disease Using Data Cluste...ijdmtaiir
The health care industry contains large amount of
health care data with hidden information. This information is
useful for making effective decision. For getting appropriate
result from the hidden information computer based data mining
techniques are used. Previously Neural Network (NN) is
widely used for predicting cardiac disease. In this paper, a
Cardiac Disease Prediction System (CDPS) is developed by
using data clustering. The CDPS system uses 15 parameters to
predict the disease, for example BP, Obesity, cholesterol, etc.
This 15 attributes like sex, age, weight are given as the input.
In this paper by using the patient’s medical record, an illdefined classification is used at the early stage of the patient to
diagnose the cardiac disease. Based on the result the patients
are advised to keep the sensor to predict them.
Scaling Down Dimensions and Feature Extraction in Document Repository Classif...ijdmtaiir
-In this study a comprehensive evaluation of two
supervised feature selection methods for dimensionality
reduction is performed - Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and
Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This is gauged against
unsupervised techniques like fuzzy feature clustering using
hard fuzzy C-means (FCM) . The main objective of the study is
to estimate the relative efficiency of two supervised techniques
against unsupervised fuzzy techniques while reducing the
feature space. It is found that clustering using FCM leads to
better accuracy in classifying documents in the face of
evolutionary algorithms like LSI and PCA. Results show that
the clustering of features improves the accuracy of document
classification
Music Promotes Gross National Happiness Using Neutrosophic fuzzyCognitive Map...ijdmtaiir
This paper provides an investigation to promote
gross national happiness from music using fuzzy logic model.
Music influences rate of learning. It has been the subject of
study for many years. Researchers have confirmed that loud
background noise impedes learning, concentration, and
information acquisition. An interesting phenomenon that
occurs frequently in listening new music among the students
creates sense of anxiety even without having
properunderstandingofmusic.Happiness is the emotion that
expresses various degrees of positive and negativefeelings
ranging from satisfaction to extreme joy. The happiness is
thegoal most people strive to achieve. Happypeople are
satisfied with their lives. The goal of this work is to find the
particular component of music which will ultimately promote
the happiness of people because of indeterminacy situation in
components of music
A Study on Youth Violence and Aggression using DEMATEL with FCM Methodsijdmtaiir
The DEMATEL method is then a good technique for
making decisions. In this paper we analyzed the risk factors of
youth violence and what makes them more aggressive. Since
there are more risk factors of youth violence, to relate each
other more complex to construct FCM and analyze them.
Moreover the data is an unsupervised one obtained from
survey as well as interviews. Hence fuzzy alone has the
capacity to analyses these concepts.
Certain Investigation on Dynamic Clustering in Dynamic Dataminingijdmtaiir
Clustering is the process of grouping a set of objects
into classes of similar objects. Dynamic clustering comes in a
new research area that is concerned about dataset with dynamic
aspects. It requires updates of the clusters whenever new data
records are added to the dataset and may result in a change of
clustering over time. When there is a continuous update and
huge amount of dynamic data, rescan the database is not
possible in static data mining. But this is possible in Dynamic
data mining process. This dynamic data mining occurs when
the derived information is present for the purpose of analysis
and the environment is dynamic, i.e. many updates occur.
Since this has now been established by most researchers and
they will move into solving some of the problems and the
research is to concentrate on solving the problem of using data
mining dynamic databases. This paper gives some
investigation of existing work done in some papers related with
dynamic clustering and incremental data clustering
Analyzing the Role of a Family in Constructing Gender Roles Using Combined Ov...ijdmtaiir
Family, as a social institution and as the
fundamental unit of the society, plays a vital role in forming
persons. We become full-fledged members of the society
through the process of socialization which starts in the family.
It provides the first foundational formation of personhood.
Especially in traditional societies like India the role of the
family assumes even greater importance. We learn to
differentiate and to discriminate between man and woman from
the role our parents play. In this paper we analyze the role of
the family in constructing gender roles using Combined
Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
An Interval Based Fuzzy Multiple Expert System to Analyze the Impacts of Clim...ijdmtaiir
Indian agriculture is completely dependent on the
environment and any undesirable change in the environment
has an adverse impact on agriculture. Climate change and
pollution in India have caused great damage to the
environment. In this paper we analyse the impact of climate
change on Indian agriculture. The first section gives an
introduction to the problem. In section two we introduce a new
fuzzy tool called interval based fuzzy multiple expert system.
Section three adapt the new fuzzy tool to analyse the problem
of agricultural impacts of climate change and in section four
we give the results and suggestions based on our analysis
An Approach for the Detection of Vascular Abnormalities in Diabetic Retinopathyijdmtaiir
Diabetic Retinopathy is a common complication of
diabetes that is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the
retina. The blood vessels in the retina get altered. Exudates are
secreted, micro-aneurysms and hemorrhages occur in the
retina. The appearance of these features represents the degree
of severity of the disease. In this paper the proposed approach
detects the presence of abnormalities in the retina using image
processing techniques by applying morphological processing
techniques to the fundus images to extract features such as
blood vessels, micro aneurysms and exudates. These features
are used for the detection of severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.
It can quickly process a large number of fundus images
obtained from mass screening to help reduce the cost, increase
productivity and efficiency for ophthalmologists.
Improve the Performance of Clustering Using Combination of Multiple Clusterin...ijdmtaiir
The ever-increasing availability of textual
documents has lead to a growing challenge for information
systems to effectively manage and retrieve the information
comprised in large collections of texts according to the user’s
information needs. There is no clustering method that can
adequately handle all sorts of cluster structures and properties
(e.g. shape, size, overlapping, and density). Combining
multiple clustering methods is an approach to overcome the
deficiency of single algorithms and further enhance their
performances. A disadvantage of the cluster ensemble is the
highly computational load of combing the clustering results
especially for large and high dimensional datasets. In this paper
we propose a multiclustering algorithm , it is a combination of
Cooperative Hard-Fuzzy Clustering model based on
intermediate cooperation between the hard k-means (KM) and
fuzzy c-means (FCM) to produce better intermediate clusters
and ant colony algorithm. This proposed method gives better
result than individual clusters.
The Study of Symptoms of Tuberculosis Using Induced Fuzzy Coginitive Maps (IF...ijdmtaiir
Tuberculosis or TB is a common, infectious disease
caused by various strains of mycobacterium usually called as
mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tb attacks the lungs but can also
affect other parts of the body. Most infections are
asymptomatic and latent, but about one in ten latent infections
eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated,
kills more than 50% of those so infected. Hence, this paper
analysisthes y m p t o m s o f Tuberculosis using Induced
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (IFCMs). IFCMs area fuzzy-graph
modeling approach based on expert’s opinion. This is the nonstatistical approach to study the problems with imprecise
information.
A Study on Finding the Key Motive of Happiness Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs)ijdmtaiir
Happiness is subjective. It is difficult to compare one
person’s happiness with another. It can be especially difficult
to compare happiness across cultures. The function of man is
to live a certain kind of life and this activity implies a rational
principle. The function of a good man is the good and noble
performance. If any action is well performed it is performed in
accord with the appropriate excellence. If this is the case, then
happiness turns out to be an activity of the soul in accordance
with virtue. That is happiness as the exercise of virtue. Every
human being thinks happiness in his own perspective.
Everyone wants to be happy and searching happiness in all
their activities. Happiness is typically measured using
subjective measures. Happiness cannot be defined in terms of
rigid boundaries and it is a vague term and it is appropriate to
use Fuzzy Logic. In particular, we use Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping to find the key motive of happiness. This paper
consists of four sections. The first section is of inductive
nature about happiness. The section two introduces the
concept of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCMs). In section three
Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping applied on the concept of
Happiness. Section four gives the conclusions and
suggestions
Study of sustainable development using Fuzzy Cognitive Relational Maps (FCM)ijdmtaiir
Sustainable development provides a framework under
which communities can use resources efficiently, create efficient
infrastructures, protect and enhance quality of life, and create new
businesses to strengthen their economies. It can help us create
healthy communities that can sustain our generation, as well as
those that follow ours. Sustainable development is not a new
concept. Rather, it is the latest expression of a long-standing ethic
involving peoples' relationships with the environment and the
current generation's responsibilities to future generations. For a
community to be truly sustainable, it must adopt a three-pronged
approach that considers economic, environmental and cultural
resources. Communities must consider these needs in the short
term as well as the long term. Sustainable Development also can
be defined simply as a better quality of life for everyone, now and
for generations to come. It is a vision of progress that links
economic development, protection of the environment and social
justice, and its values are recognised by democratic governments
and political movements the world over. Sustainable
Development is therefore closely linked to Governance, Better
Regulation and Impact Assessment. Indicators to measure
progress are also vital.This paper has four sections. In the first
section we introduce the notion of fuzzy cognitive maps and
Combined Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CFCMs). In section two we
describe the problem and justification for the use of FCMs. In
section three we give the adaptation of FCM to the problem. In
the final section we give conclusions based on our analysis of the
problem using FCM
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
block diagram and signal flow graph representation
Cognitive Load Persuade Attribute for Special Need Education System Using Data Mining
1. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 01 Issue: 01 June 2012 Page No.4-8
ISSN: 2278-2419
4
Cognitive Load Persuade Attribute for Special
Need Education System Using Data Mining
Sangita Babu1
, C.Jothi Venkateswaran2
1
Research scholar,Dept of computer Applications, Bharath university,Chennai
2
Research supervisor & Head,PG and research Dept of Computer Science Presidency College, Chennai
Abstract - Human learning system is highly sensitive to
responsive system according the processing, mapping, motion,
auditory and visualization system. Special education system is
implemented to overcome the demanded sense of the human
special care sensitive signals. This responsive system is
balanced and effectively instrumented with modern
technological learning pedagogy to bring the special need
learners into the normal learning system. In the learning
process, cognitive human sensors directly influence the
learning effectiveness. This paper attempted to observe the
cognitive load such as mental , physical , temporal
,performance , effort and frustration in the long term , short
term, working , instant , responsive, process, recollect ,
reference , instruction and action memory and classify the
observed values as per the generalized and specialized
properties. The six working loads are observed in the ten types
of learning system. The classification analysis aimed to
predicate the pattern for learning system for specific learning
challenges.
Key words - Special need education , Cognitive load,
Classification
I. INTRODUCTION
The educational right act aimed to provide education for all
irrespective of age, gender, region, community and challenges
of the human by birth. A Global Perspective on Right to
Education and Livelihoods clearly delineates the need for
capacity building through the inclusion of persons with
disabilities in the workplace and the larger community. The
statement affirms the importance of such things as (i)
improving educational opportunities, (ii) promoting sustainable
livelihood for persons with disabilities, (iii) capacity building
and institutional development for realization of effective
participation of persons with disabilities, (iv) promotion of the
rights and dignity of persons with disabilities, (v)
documentation of best practices and appropriate
technologies...research on education, (vi) strengthened teacher
training, development of inclusive curricula, and effective
involvement of families and communities for realization of
quality education for all children (United Nations Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 2005).
Barriers to the provision of quality education for children with
disabilities are identified as lack of early identification and
intervention services, negative attitudes, exclusionary policies
and practices, inadequate teacher training, particularly training
of all regular teachers to teach children with diverse abilities,
inflexible curriculum and assessment procedures, inadequate
specialist support staff to assist teachers of special and regular
classes, lack of appropriate teaching equipment and devices,
and failure to make modifications to the school environment
to make it fully accessible (UNESCAP, 2003).however the
learner emotional approach overcome all above mentioned
barriers and provide the effective learning .the emotional
learning activities are balanced with cognitive load of the
special need learner.
This paper addresses the role of cognitive load and learning
system and its correlated factors. The analysis part attempted to
determine the associative relationship between the
performances of the learner as per their learning objective with
the minimal cognitive load.
II. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS TO
LEARNING
Researchers find that thinking processes happen serially,
resulting in delays caused by switching from one task to
another. The delays become more pronounced as the
complexity of the task increases.[1] Neuroscientists are
reporting new discoveries that provide insights into long-held
learning theories. For example, conjectures from decades ago
on the existence of short-term and long-term Memory[2] and
cognitive overload [3] now have supporting evidence from the
neurosciences. As per the research finding, the cognitive load
imposed on a person using a complex solving strategy such as
means –ends analysis may be an even more important factor in
interfering with learning during problem solving. Under most
circumstances, means-ends analysis will result in few dead-
ends being reached than any other general strategy which does
not rely on prior domain-specific knowledge for its operation.
In order to use the strategy, a problem solver must
simultaneously consider the current problem state, the goal
state, the relation between the current problem state and the
goal state, the relations between problem-solving operators and
lastly, if sub-goals have been used, a goal stack must be
,maintained. The cognitive processing capacity needed to
handle this information may be of such a magnitude as to leave
little for schema acquisition, even if the problem is solved.
This approach is adopted and experimented in the special need
educational learners around Chennai schools at the age
between from 13 to 18. Research indicates that the brain has
three types of memory: sensory memory, working memory,
and long-term memory.[4]
2. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 01 Issue: 01 June 2012 Page No.4-8
ISSN: 2278-2419
5
Figure 1. Memory Types
III. MEMORY RELATIONSHIP FOR LEARNING
PROCESS
A. Working memory
Working memory is where thinking gets done. While it is
represented as a box in the below Figure, it is actually more
brain function than location. The working memory is dual
coded with a buffer for storage of verbal/text elements, and a
second buffer for visual/spatial elements. This represents one
of the severe limitations of human thinking processes, for
short-term memory is thought to be limited to approximately
four objects that can be simultaneously stored in visual/spatial
memory and approximately seven objects that can be
simultaneously stored in verbal short-term memory. If those
buffers are full and the person shifts attention, new elements
may be introduced into working memory causing others to
disappear from thought/consciousness. Within working
memory, verbal/text memory and visual/spatial memory work
together, without interference, to augment understanding.
Overfilling either buffer can result in cognitive overload
[10].This includes buffers of visual/spatial memory traces and
verbal (auditory and text) memory traces. Recent studies
suggest that the brain is capable of multisensory convergence
of neurons provided the sensory input is received within the
same time frame [5]. Convergence in the creation of memory
traces has positive effects on memory retrieval. It creates
linked memories, so that the triggering of any aspect of the
experience will bring to consciousness the entire memory,
often with context.
B. Sensory memory
Experiencing any aspect of the world through the human
senses causes involuntary storage of sensory memory traces in
long-term memory as episodic knowledge. These degrade
relatively quickly[11]. It is only when the person pays attention
to elements of sensory memory that those experiences get
introduced into working memory. Once an experience is in
working memory, the person can then consciously hold it in
memory and think about it in context.
C. Long-term memory
The short-term memory acts in parallel with the long-term
memory. Long-term memory in humans is unlimited estimated
to store up to 109 to 1020 bits of information over a lifetime.
The brain has two types of long-term memory, episodic and
semantic. Episodic is sourced directly from sensory input and
is involuntary. Semantic memory stores memory traces from
working memory, including ideas, thoughts, schema, and
processes that result from the thinking accomplished in
working memory. The processing in working memory
automatically triggers storage in long-term memory. The
relationship between the memory and its associative maps
presented in the below diagram.
Figure 2. Physiological and cognitive functions
Students have preconceptions and prior experiences with many
of the areas of study included in the academic standards. These
are stored in long-term memory. Often some of those
preconceptions turn out to be misconceptions. Student learning
is greatly enhanced when each student’s prior knowledge is
made visible (that is, cued from long-term memory into
working memory).It is at that point the student has the
opportunity to correct misconceptions, build on prior
knowledge, and create schemas of understanding around a
topic. Learning is optimized when students can see where new
concepts build on prior knowledge. This is not acceptable and
adoptable to the learning challengers. The learning process of
the challenging learners and their cognitive load is observed
according to the NASA scaling and determined the persuade
factor among the load and its relation on the performance of
learning.
IV. COGNITIVE WORKLOAD CALCULATION
NASA task load index is a multidimensional rating procedure
that provides over all work load based on a weighted average
of rating on six subscales : mental demand , physical demand ,
temporal demand , Own performance ,Effort and
Frustration[6,7] This technique (referred to as the “NASA
Bipolar Rating Scale”) was quite successful in reducing
between-rater variability and provided diagnostic information
about the magnitudes of different sources of load from
subscale ratings [8,9]. However, its sensitivity to experimental
manipulations, while better than found for other popular
techniques and as a global one-dimensional workload
rating.Mental demand deals with mental and perceptual
activity was required for learning the concept and
implementation CPL. Physical demands focused physical
activity was required. Temporal demand deals with time
pressure of the students while learning the CPL. Performance
3. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 01 Issue: 01 June 2012 Page No.4-8
ISSN: 2278-2419
6
shows the accomplishment of goals of the task set by the
experimenter. Frustration level specifies the insecure,
discouraged, irritated, stressed and annoyed versus of the
learning. Effort measures the work to accomplish your level of
performance.
The NASA Task Load Index workload evaluation procedure is
a two-part procedure requiring the collection of both weights
and ratings from the subject and the manipulation of the
collected data to provide weighted subscale ratings and an
Overall Workload score. There are fifteen possible pair-wise
comparisons of the six scale elements. When Weights is
selected the load presents each pair to the subject one pair at a
time. The order in which the pairs are presented and the
position of the two elements (left or right) are completely
randomized and are different .Factor select which element they
felt contributed the most to the workload on the specific task.
When all fifteen possible pairs have been presented the second
part will be continue.
The learner’s performance is evaluated based on the multi-
dimensional rating procedure given by NASA TLX ( Task
Load index) based on the six subscales .The requirement is to
obtain numerical ratings for each scale element that reflect the
magnitude of that factor The subject responds between 0 to 20 .
The Weighted workload rating for each element in a task is
simply the Weight (tally) for that element a number between
zero and five, multiplied by the Magnitude of load, a number
between zero and one hundred. Therefore if the subject had
totaled 4 for the weight of Temporal Demand and indicated a
magnitude of Temporal Demand in a particular task to be 45,
the weighted workload due to Temporal Demand for that
particular task would be 90. OVERALL workload for a
particular task is determined by summing all of the weighted
workload ratings for an individual subject for the particular
task and dividing by 15.Using the above calculation the
different combinational learning and cognitive load are
observed and calculated.
Figure 3. Scaling method
Weighted rating determined from the sum of sum of adjusted
rating and divided with 15. As per the calculation the learners
observe the cognitive load such as mental , physical , temporal
,performance , effort and frustration in the long term , short
term, working , instructional , responsive, process, recollect ,
instruction and action memory .All the designed exercise and
its functional specifications are presented below The first
exercise is designed for testing long term memory or thinking,
where the SNE’s mental demand of thinking is tested. In this
exercise most of the student took great interest in replying the
questions, where they had to recall their long term memory , in
which they faced low physical , mental and temporal demand
whereas their performance was very high. The second exercise
is designed for testing short term memory, where SNE’s
Mental Demand of deciding is tested. In this exercise also most
of the students took great enthusiasm in replying where they
had to recall their short term memory and had to make decision
in which they faced low mental, physical and temporal demand
and took less effort and frustration level was also low
comparatively their performance was high.
The third exercise is designed for testing working (calculation)
memory where SNE’s Mental Demand for calculating is
tested. In this observation the student’s physical, mental and
temporal demand faced high effort and frustration and their
performance was very low. The forth exercise was designed for
instant memory, where SNE’s mental demand for remembering
is tested using remembering the objects on recent display. It is
also designed in play way activity where many of the students
faced low physical, mental and temporal demand however they
faced high performance with low effort and frustration and
vice-versa. The fifth exercise was designed for responsive
memory where SNE’s Mental Demand for looking was tested
which was designed in computer interactive activity, where the
students were able to recognize the day to days items whereas
found difficulty in identifying the colors, where their Mental,
Physical and temporal demand was average and performance
with any effort and frustration was also average.
The sixth exercise was designed for processing (search
content) memory where SNE’s Mental Demand for searching
was tested .It also designed as a computer interactive activity,
where the students were able to perform high and their physical
mental and temporal demand were average with less effort and
frustration. The seventh exercise was designed for recollecting
memory where SNE’s Physical Demand for Motor activity was
tested, here the students took great effort and faced high
frustration in facing the load, where as their physical mental
temporal demand was also average and performance was also
very low. The eight exercises was designed for reference
memory where SNE’s Physical demand for Interactive activity
was designed through computer interactive activity, Where
their physical mental and temporal demand was very high and
had to face high effort and frustration while doing this activity
and their performance level was very low.
The ninth exercise was designed for instruction memory where
SNE’s Physical demand for instructional activity was designed
through instructional activity. Here the students met high
physical, mental, temporal load, performed very low but it was
visa-versa for the comparatively low physical mental and
temporal students, they performed with lot of interest and
enthusiasm with low effort and frustration.The tenth exercise
was designed for action memory where the students observe
the instructor action and repeat the same where SNE’s
Physical activity replay demand was tested through repeating
Perf
orm
ance
Colle
ct 15
pair
value
s of
six
scale
eleme
nts
(Wei
ght)
Ratin
g of
Scale
d
eleme
nt 0-
20
(Raw
rating
)
Adjust
ed
Rating
=
Weigh
t x
Raw
rating
4. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 01 Issue: 01 June 2012 Page No.4-8
ISSN: 2278-2419
7
the instruction . The students mental , temporal and frustration
is less and the physical effort is high. All the observation which
made is presented the table and attempted to determine the
enforcing weightage for the influencing factor for learning
process. The learner’s activities are provided and observed
along with their cognitive load reactions. These loads are
increasing the efficiency of the learning with the minimal load
for the special need learns. While these exercises are a carried
out ; the observation measures are collected from the students
through the NASA scaling system . The NASA scales and the
working loads are converted using the neural network approach
the obtained a result pattern which presented below.
V. CONSTRUCTION OF NEURAL NETWORK
MODEL
As per the adopted back propagation neural network model, the
observed data is mapped and the model is constructed. All
external observation attributes are considered for the input. I1
to I10 represents the input variable which presents the score of
the each exercise which carried out different memory learning
process such as long term, short term, working , instant ,
responsive, process, recollect , reference , instruction and
action memory. The cognitive loads are treated as process
neuron of hidden layer. The H1 to H6 presents the mental,
physical, temporal, performance, effort and frustration
cognitive loads. According to the observed values, the neural
network process is made. The student exercise values are
presented 5, 7, 10, 7,10, 6, 8,10,10 and 8. The process values
weightage is presented as a matrix. Initially Assigned Input to
Hidden layer values are
0.1159 0.7452 0.7667 0.3303 0.5616 0.0683
0.6439 0.4698 0.0191 0.2963 0.8009 0.6156
0.2143 0.5475 0.2102 0.3169 0.1742 0.4353
0.9549 0.5177 0.1248 0.0150 0.7018 0.2846
0.4923 0.1257 0.9708 0.0489 0.7574 0.9536
0.0792 0.3202 0.8221 0.3629 0.9702 0.0913
0.1030 0.4678 0.0615 0.0294 0.1558 0.3777
0.6844 0.4638 0.3015 0.5345 0.3129 0.2956
0.8698 0.8769 0.1957 0.9274 0.4688 0.0399
0.1469 0.6540 0.3309 0.5981 0.0100 0.3490
Table 1: Initial assignment I->
Figure 4. neural network model
Initially Assigned Input to Hidden layer values are
0.1159 0.7452 0.7667 0.3303 0.5616 0.0683
0.6439 0.4698 0.0191 0.2963 0.8009 0.6156
0.2143 0.5475 0.2102 0.3169 0.1742 0.4353
0.9549 0.5177 0.1248 0.0150 0.7018 0.2846
0.4923 0.1257 0.9708 0.0489 0.7574 0.9536
0.0792 0.3202 0.8221 0.3629 0.9702 0.0913
0.1030 0.4678 0.0615 0.0294 0.1558 0.3777
0.6844 0.4638 0.3015 0.5345 0.3129 0.2956
0.8698 0.8769 0.1957 0.9274 0.4688 0.0399
0.1469 0.6540 0.3309 0.5981 0.0100 0.3490
Initially Assigned Hidden layer to Output values are
Table 2: Initial Assignment H-> O
0.9532 0.4718
0.0451 0.0943
0.1912 0.4462
0.5433 0.1154
0.6347 0.8885
0.8214 0.0804
From the initial values, each level obtained output is
recalculated and assigned as a input and reduced the error
level. Initially the output is estimated for 81 for the learning
cognitive and 95 for the learning performance. The initial
assigned neuron process produced 96 for the cognitive load
and 89 for the learner performance. While obtaining this
process , -62.048 error is produced. The iterative process
implemented and obtained the final value in zero level error.
The final weightage values are presented below
Final Input to Hidden layer values are
0.2318 1.4905 1.5335 0.6605 1.1232 0.1366
1.2879 0.9397 0.0382 0.5926 1.6019 1.2313
0.4286 1.0950 0.4204 0.6338 0.3484 0.8705
1.9099 1.0355 0.2495 0.0300 1.4036 0.5692
0.9846 0.2514 1.9416 0.0979 1.5147 1.9072
0.1583 0.6403 1.6442 0.7259 1.9405 0.1825
0.2060 0.9356 0.1229 0.0587 0.3116 0.7554
1.3687 0.9276 0.6030 1.0690 0.6258 0.5912
1.7397 1.7538 0.3913 1.8548 0.9375 0.0799
0.2938 1.3080 0.6618 1.1962 0.0200 0.6980
Table 1: Obtained weight I-> H
Final Hidden to output layer values are
0.9532 0.4718
0.0451 0.0943
0.1912 0.4462
0.5433 0.1154
0.6347 0.8885
0.8214 0.0804
Table 1: Obtained weight H->O
While processing the network model, the high value of mental
effort is influenced at the maximum level of 95.32 percentages
5. International Journal of Data Mining Techniques Volume: 01 No: 01 January – June 2012
8
and least level of physical at 4.51 percentage. The learning
performance is inclined to performance factor of the cognitive
load to obtained expected result. All the model is presented
according to the load along with the learning performance.
Figure 5. cognitive loads
The load is differ one with another according to the different
learning process. Mental, physical, temporal, effort, frustration
is less while performance is high. The learning process and its
corresponding variation is presented as a graph.
VI. CONCLUSION
As per the model which is designed and implemented neuron
system identified the influencing factor of the cognitive load
and the learning performance of the special need education
learners. According to the obtained result learner cognitive
load is high for mental and the performance factor is high for
the learner result. While processing this model the special need
learners basic factors such as nature of the need, gender, type
of school and the deficiency based pattern is attempted to
generate for generalize the process. The pattern generation and
the factor determination process continue as part of the
research work.
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