Family, as a social institution and as the
fundamental unit of the society, plays a vital role in forming
persons. We become full-fledged members of the society
through the process of socialization which starts in the family.
It provides the first foundational formation of personhood.
Especially in traditional societies like India the role of the
family assumes even greater importance. We learn to
differentiate and to discriminate between man and woman from
the role our parents play. In this paper we analyze the role of
the family in constructing gender roles using Combined
Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
The Role of Happiness in the Family Using Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cogni...ijcnes
we study to find out the major causes that are hindering/affecting the happiness in family using Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CDBFCM). We find that happiness is strongly correlated with perceived good health. This method is introduced by W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, is analyzed in this paper. The Combined Disjoint Block FCM is defined in this method becomes effective when the number of concepts can be grouped and are in large numbers. This paper has five sections. First section gives the information about development of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and happiness in the family life. Second Section gives basic notations and definitions of Fuzzy Cognitive maps and Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. In Section three, we explain method of determining the hidden pattern. In the fourth section, we give the concepts of problem. Final section gives the conclusion based on our study and a brief discussion of implications for further researches close the paper.
The Role of Happiness in the Family Using Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cogni...ijcnes
we study to find out the major causes that are hindering/affecting the happiness in family using Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CDBFCM). We find that happiness is strongly correlated with perceived good health. This method is introduced by W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, is analyzed in this paper. The Combined Disjoint Block FCM is defined in this method becomes effective when the number of concepts can be grouped and are in large numbers. This paper has five sections. First section gives the information about development of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and happiness in the family life. Second Section gives basic notations and definitions of Fuzzy Cognitive maps and Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. In Section three, we explain method of determining the hidden pattern. In the fourth section, we give the concepts of problem. Final section gives the conclusion based on our study and a brief discussion of implications for further researches close the paper.
A Study on Community Vitality using Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Mapsijcnes
we analyzed about vitalizing the community using COBFCMs which was defined by W.B.Vasanthakandasamy. The Combined Overlap Block FCMs defined in this method becomes effective when the number of concepts can be grouped and are large in numbers. Community vitality is one of the factors for happiness of the people. It has become very important to vitalize the communities. This paper has five sections. First section gives the information about development of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Community Vitality. Second section gives preliminaries of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. In section three, we explain method of determining the hidden pattern. In the fourth section, we give the concepts of problem. Final section gives the conclusion based on our study.
A Analysis of Environmental Education for the Next Generation Using Combined ...ijcnes
God created the human beings; for the well-being of human, He created the earth and all the things in the surroundings, which is very useful and helpful. But human fail to keep the purity of the Gods creation. Then the outcome of human activities, our environment is polluted. Now we are in the situation to save the earth and our environment. Various ideas have been introduced for teaching and importing the environmental sciences through formal and informal education. These attempts have created environmental awareness. In this paper we analyzed EE, how it impact to the primary students using Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CDBFCM). This method is introduced by W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy and A. Victor Devadoss. The Combined Disjoint Block FCM is defined in this method becomes effective when the number of concepts can be grouped and are in large numbers. This paper has five sections. First section gives the information about development of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Environment Education. Second Section gives preliminaries of Fuzzy Cognitive maps and Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. In Section three, we explain method of determining the hidden pattern. In the fourth section, we give the concepts of problem. Final section gives the conclusion based on our study.
Fuzzy cognitive map and Rough Sets in Decision MakingDrATAMILARASIMCA
Brief introduction about Fuzzy Cognitive map (FCM) and the different representation of FCM, construction and learning of FCM,Rough sets, Basic Notations and Decision Making.
An Analysis of Risk Factors of Breast Cancer Using Interval Weighted Fuzzy Co...MangaiK4
Abstract- Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. Cancer cell growth is different from normal cell growth. Instead of dying, cancer cells continue to grow and form new, abnormal cells. There are many types of cancer. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The risk factors of breast cancer as it are the second major cause of cancer death in among women. FCM have been applied in many fields successfully to show the relationship between the nodes. In this paper analyzing the risk factors of breast cancer by using the (IWFCMs) which is the combination of the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and CETD matrix in which indeterminacy is included. It has also become very essential that the notion of logic plays a vital role in several of the real world problems like law, medicine, industry, finance, IT, stocks and share etc.
A Study of Quality in Primary Education Combined Disjoint Block Neutrosophic ...ijcnes
Quality in primary education has been classified into five factors involving learners, content, processes, environment and outcomes. In this paper we analyzed, quality in primary education in Chennai and find out its solution using Neutrosophic cognitive maps (NCMS), which is the generalization of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMS) defined by W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentine Smarandache. This paper has five sections. First section gives information about development of fuzzy cognitive maps and Neutrosophic cognitive maps. Second section gives the preliminaries of FCMS and NCMS. In section three, we give the description of the problem; final section gives the conclusion based on our study.
Study of sustainable development using Fuzzy Cognitive Relational Maps (FCM)ijdmtaiir
Sustainable development provides a framework under
which communities can use resources efficiently, create efficient
infrastructures, protect and enhance quality of life, and create new
businesses to strengthen their economies. It can help us create
healthy communities that can sustain our generation, as well as
those that follow ours. Sustainable development is not a new
concept. Rather, it is the latest expression of a long-standing ethic
involving peoples' relationships with the environment and the
current generation's responsibilities to future generations. For a
community to be truly sustainable, it must adopt a three-pronged
approach that considers economic, environmental and cultural
resources. Communities must consider these needs in the short
term as well as the long term. Sustainable Development also can
be defined simply as a better quality of life for everyone, now and
for generations to come. It is a vision of progress that links
economic development, protection of the environment and social
justice, and its values are recognised by democratic governments
and political movements the world over. Sustainable
Development is therefore closely linked to Governance, Better
Regulation and Impact Assessment. Indicators to measure
progress are also vital.This paper has four sections. In the first
section we introduce the notion of fuzzy cognitive maps and
Combined Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CFCMs). In section two we
describe the problem and justification for the use of FCMs. In
section three we give the adaptation of FCM to the problem. In
the final section we give conclusions based on our analysis of the
problem using FCM
Motivated by presenting mathematics visually and interestingly to common people based on calculus and its extension, parametric curves are explored here to have two and three dimensional objects such that these objects can be used for demonstrating mathematics.
Epicycloid, hypocycloid are particular curves that are implemented in MATLAB programs and the motifs are presented here. The obtained curves are considered to be domains for complex mappings to have new variation of Figures and objects. Additionally Voronoi mapping is also implemented to some parametric curves and some resulting complex mappings.
Some obtained 3 dimensional objects are considered as flowers and animals inspiring to be mathematical ornaments of hypocycloid dance which is also illustrated here.
A Study of the attitudes of road user in Enhancing the Gross National Happine...ijdmtaiir
The traffic system consists of road users, vehicles,
roads , traffic control devices and the general environment. The
safety of road users defends on desired speeds and desired
safety distances. The growing number of vehicles, population
and indiscipline attitude of road users are some of the
concerns for the road accidents. In recent years the number of
road accidents growing rapidly. This is our main concern for
taking this study. In this paper we use Combined Fuzzy
Cognitive Maps (CFCMs) to study the attitudes of road users
in enhancing the gross national happiness. This paper has four
sections. In section one gives the Basic notation and definition.
Section two describes the hidden pattern of CFCMs. Section
three deals with the Description of the problem and analysis
using Combined Fuzzy Cognition Maps. In final section gives
the conclusion based on our study
LATTICE-CELL : HYBRID APPROACH FOR TEXT CATEGORIZATIONcscpconf
In this paper, we propose a new text categorization framework based on Concepts Lattice and cellular automata. In this framework, concept structure are modeled by a Cellular Automaton for Symbolic Induction (CASI). Our objective is to reduce time categorization caused by the Concept Lattice. We examine, by experiments the performance of the proposed approach and compare it with other algorithms such as Naive Bayes and k nearest neighbors. The results show performance improvement while reducing time categorization.
This 10 hours class is intended to give students the basis to empirically solve statistical problems. Talk 1 serves as an introduction to the statistical software R, and presents how to calculate basic measures such as mean, variance, correlation and gini index. Talk 2 shows how the central limit theorem and the law of the large numbers work empirically. Talk 3 presents the point estimate, the confidence interval and the hypothesis test for the most important parameters. Talk 4 introduces to the linear regression model and Talk 5 to the bootstrap world. Talk 5 also presents an easy example of a markov chains.
All the talks are supported by script codes, in R language.
PREDICTIVE EVALUATION OF THE STOCK PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE USING FUZZY CMEANS A...ijfls
The aim of this paper is to investigate the trend of the return of a portfolio formed randomly or for any
specific technique. The approach is made using two techniques fuzzy: fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm and
the fuzzy transform, where the rules used at fuzzy transform arise from the application of the FCM
algorithm. The results show that the proposed methodology is able to predict the trend of the return of a
stock portfolio, as well as the tendency of the market index. Real data of the financial market are used from
2004 until 2007.
Kakuro: Solving the Constraint Satisfaction ProblemVarad Meru
This work was done as a part of the project for the course CS 271: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (http://www.ics.uci.edu/~kkask/Fall-2014%20CS271/index.html), taught in Fall 2014.
A review on data mining techniques for Digital Mammographic Analysisijdmtaiir
- Medical Data mining is the search for relationships
and patterns within the medical data that could provide useful
knowledge for effective medical diagnosis. The predictability
of disease will become more effective and early detection of
disease will aid in increased exposure to required patient care
and improved cure rates using computational applications.
Review shows that the reasons for feature selection include
improvement in performance prediction, reduction in
computational requirements, reduction in data storage
requirements, reduction in the cost of future measurements
and improvement in data or model understanding
Comparison on PCA ICA and LDA in Face Recognitionijdmtaiir
Face recognition is used in wide range of application.
In recent years, face recognition has become one of the most
successful applications in image analysis and understanding.
Different statistical method and research groups reported a
contradictory result when comparing principal component
analysis (PCA) algorithm, independent component analysis
(ICA) algorithm, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
algorithm that has been proposed in recent years. The goal of
this paper is to compare and analyze the three algorithms and
conclude which is best. Feret Dataset is used for consistency
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we analyzed about vitalizing the community using COBFCMs which was defined by W.B.Vasanthakandasamy. The Combined Overlap Block FCMs defined in this method becomes effective when the number of concepts can be grouped and are large in numbers. Community vitality is one of the factors for happiness of the people. It has become very important to vitalize the communities. This paper has five sections. First section gives the information about development of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Community Vitality. Second section gives preliminaries of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. In section three, we explain method of determining the hidden pattern. In the fourth section, we give the concepts of problem. Final section gives the conclusion based on our study.
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Abstract- Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. Cancer cell growth is different from normal cell growth. Instead of dying, cancer cells continue to grow and form new, abnormal cells. There are many types of cancer. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The risk factors of breast cancer as it are the second major cause of cancer death in among women. FCM have been applied in many fields successfully to show the relationship between the nodes. In this paper analyzing the risk factors of breast cancer by using the (IWFCMs) which is the combination of the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) and CETD matrix in which indeterminacy is included. It has also become very essential that the notion of logic plays a vital role in several of the real world problems like law, medicine, industry, finance, IT, stocks and share etc.
A Study of Quality in Primary Education Combined Disjoint Block Neutrosophic ...ijcnes
Quality in primary education has been classified into five factors involving learners, content, processes, environment and outcomes. In this paper we analyzed, quality in primary education in Chennai and find out its solution using Neutrosophic cognitive maps (NCMS), which is the generalization of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMS) defined by W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy and Florentine Smarandache. This paper has five sections. First section gives information about development of fuzzy cognitive maps and Neutrosophic cognitive maps. Second section gives the preliminaries of FCMS and NCMS. In section three, we give the description of the problem; final section gives the conclusion based on our study.
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Sustainable development provides a framework under
which communities can use resources efficiently, create efficient
infrastructures, protect and enhance quality of life, and create new
businesses to strengthen their economies. It can help us create
healthy communities that can sustain our generation, as well as
those that follow ours. Sustainable development is not a new
concept. Rather, it is the latest expression of a long-standing ethic
involving peoples' relationships with the environment and the
current generation's responsibilities to future generations. For a
community to be truly sustainable, it must adopt a three-pronged
approach that considers economic, environmental and cultural
resources. Communities must consider these needs in the short
term as well as the long term. Sustainable Development also can
be defined simply as a better quality of life for everyone, now and
for generations to come. It is a vision of progress that links
economic development, protection of the environment and social
justice, and its values are recognised by democratic governments
and political movements the world over. Sustainable
Development is therefore closely linked to Governance, Better
Regulation and Impact Assessment. Indicators to measure
progress are also vital.This paper has four sections. In the first
section we introduce the notion of fuzzy cognitive maps and
Combined Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CFCMs). In section two we
describe the problem and justification for the use of FCMs. In
section three we give the adaptation of FCM to the problem. In
the final section we give conclusions based on our analysis of the
problem using FCM
Motivated by presenting mathematics visually and interestingly to common people based on calculus and its extension, parametric curves are explored here to have two and three dimensional objects such that these objects can be used for demonstrating mathematics.
Epicycloid, hypocycloid are particular curves that are implemented in MATLAB programs and the motifs are presented here. The obtained curves are considered to be domains for complex mappings to have new variation of Figures and objects. Additionally Voronoi mapping is also implemented to some parametric curves and some resulting complex mappings.
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The traffic system consists of road users, vehicles,
roads , traffic control devices and the general environment. The
safety of road users defends on desired speeds and desired
safety distances. The growing number of vehicles, population
and indiscipline attitude of road users are some of the
concerns for the road accidents. In recent years the number of
road accidents growing rapidly. This is our main concern for
taking this study. In this paper we use Combined Fuzzy
Cognitive Maps (CFCMs) to study the attitudes of road users
in enhancing the gross national happiness. This paper has four
sections. In section one gives the Basic notation and definition.
Section two describes the hidden pattern of CFCMs. Section
three deals with the Description of the problem and analysis
using Combined Fuzzy Cognition Maps. In final section gives
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PREDICTIVE EVALUATION OF THE STOCK PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE USING FUZZY CMEANS A...ijfls
The aim of this paper is to investigate the trend of the return of a portfolio formed randomly or for any
specific technique. The approach is made using two techniques fuzzy: fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm and
the fuzzy transform, where the rules used at fuzzy transform arise from the application of the FCM
algorithm. The results show that the proposed methodology is able to predict the trend of the return of a
stock portfolio, as well as the tendency of the market index. Real data of the financial market are used from
2004 until 2007.
Kakuro: Solving the Constraint Satisfaction ProblemVarad Meru
This work was done as a part of the project for the course CS 271: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (http://www.ics.uci.edu/~kkask/Fall-2014%20CS271/index.html), taught in Fall 2014.
A review on data mining techniques for Digital Mammographic Analysisijdmtaiir
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and patterns within the medical data that could provide useful
knowledge for effective medical diagnosis. The predictability
of disease will become more effective and early detection of
disease will aid in increased exposure to required patient care
and improved cure rates using computational applications.
Review shows that the reasons for feature selection include
improvement in performance prediction, reduction in
computational requirements, reduction in data storage
requirements, reduction in the cost of future measurements
and improvement in data or model understanding
Comparison on PCA ICA and LDA in Face Recognitionijdmtaiir
Face recognition is used in wide range of application.
In recent years, face recognition has become one of the most
successful applications in image analysis and understanding.
Different statistical method and research groups reported a
contradictory result when comparing principal component
analysis (PCA) algorithm, independent component analysis
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performance of five most effective classification methods,
namely Bayesian Network(BN), Naïve Bayesian(NB), Naives
Bayes Updateable(NBU), J48, and Decision Table(DT). Our
simulation results show that, in general, the J48has the highest
classification accuracy performance with the lowest error rate.
On the other hand, it is found that Naïve Bayesian and Naives
Bayes Updateable classifiers have the lowest time requirement
to build the classification model
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hard fuzzy C-means (FCM) . The main objective of the study is
to estimate the relative efficiency of two supervised techniques
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study for many years. Researchers have confirmed that loud
background noise impedes learning, concentration, and
information acquisition. An interesting phenomenon that
occurs frequently in listening new music among the students
creates sense of anxiety even without having
properunderstandingofmusic.Happiness is the emotion that
expresses various degrees of positive and negativefeelings
ranging from satisfaction to extreme joy. The happiness is
thegoal most people strive to achieve. Happypeople are
satisfied with their lives. The goal of this work is to find the
particular component of music which will ultimately promote
the happiness of people because of indeterminacy situation in
components of music
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youth violence and what makes them more aggressive. Since
there are more risk factors of youth violence, to relate each
other more complex to construct FCM and analyze them.
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survey as well as interviews. Hence fuzzy alone has the
capacity to analyses these concepts.
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new research area that is concerned about dataset with dynamic
aspects. It requires updates of the clusters whenever new data
records are added to the dataset and may result in a change of
clustering over time. When there is a continuous update and
huge amount of dynamic data, rescan the database is not
possible in static data mining. But this is possible in Dynamic
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the derived information is present for the purpose of analysis
and the environment is dynamic, i.e. many updates occur.
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they will move into solving some of the problems and the
research is to concentrate on solving the problem of using data
mining dynamic databases. This paper gives some
investigation of existing work done in some papers related with
dynamic clustering and incremental data clustering
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detects the presence of abnormalities in the retina using image
processing techniques by applying morphological processing
techniques to the fundus images to extract features such as
blood vessels, micro aneurysms and exudates. These features
are used for the detection of severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.
It can quickly process a large number of fundus images
obtained from mass screening to help reduce the cost, increase
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Improve the Performance of Clustering Using Combination of Multiple Clusterin...ijdmtaiir
The ever-increasing availability of textual
documents has lead to a growing challenge for information
systems to effectively manage and retrieve the information
comprised in large collections of texts according to the user’s
information needs. There is no clustering method that can
adequately handle all sorts of cluster structures and properties
(e.g. shape, size, overlapping, and density). Combining
multiple clustering methods is an approach to overcome the
deficiency of single algorithms and further enhance their
performances. A disadvantage of the cluster ensemble is the
highly computational load of combing the clustering results
especially for large and high dimensional datasets. In this paper
we propose a multiclustering algorithm , it is a combination of
Cooperative Hard-Fuzzy Clustering model based on
intermediate cooperation between the hard k-means (KM) and
fuzzy c-means (FCM) to produce better intermediate clusters
and ant colony algorithm. This proposed method gives better
result than individual clusters.
The Study of Symptoms of Tuberculosis Using Induced Fuzzy Coginitive Maps (IF...ijdmtaiir
Tuberculosis or TB is a common, infectious disease
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analysisthes y m p t o m s o f Tuberculosis using Induced
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A Study on Finding the Key Motive of Happiness Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs)ijdmtaiir
Happiness is subjective. It is difficult to compare one
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happiness turns out to be an activity of the soul in accordance
with virtue. That is happiness as the exercise of virtue. Every
human being thinks happiness in his own perspective.
Everyone wants to be happy and searching happiness in all
their activities. Happiness is typically measured using
subjective measures. Happiness cannot be defined in terms of
rigid boundaries and it is a vague term and it is appropriate to
use Fuzzy Logic. In particular, we use Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping to find the key motive of happiness. This paper
consists of four sections. The first section is of inductive
nature about happiness. The section two introduces the
concept of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCMs). In section three
Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping applied on the concept of
Happiness. Section four gives the conclusions and
suggestions
A Study of Personality Influence in Building Work Life Balance Using Fuzzy Re...ijdmtaiir
Personality plays an important role in work life
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with an individual’s personality. Here in this study an attempt is
made to study about the holistic picture of personality influence
in work-life balance on the basis of experts’ opinion. The
influence of personality is studied from the big five factors of
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A Study of Pervasive Computing Environments in Improving the Quality of Life ...ijdmtaiir
The values in the society can be acquired using
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(ILFRM) the impact of computer education among the students
on job opportunity in improving the quality of life is analyzed.
This paper has four sections. In section one wegive an
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of Computer education using Induced Linked Fuzzy Relational
Map. In the final section we give the conclusion based on our
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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Analyzing the Role of a Family in Constructing Gender Roles Using Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
1. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 02 December 2013 Page No.67-70
ISSN: 2278-2419
67
Analyzing the Role of a Family in Constructing
Gender Roles Using Combined Overlap Block
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
A.Victor Devadoss1
and K.Sudha2
1
Head & Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai
2
Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai
Email: hanivictor@ymail.com,ashu.8788@gmail.com
Abstract - Family, as a social institution and as the
fundamental unit of the society, plays a vital role in forming
persons. We become full-fledged members of the society
through the process of socialization which starts in the family.
It provides the first foundational formation of personhood.
Especially in traditional societies like India the role of the
family assumes even greater importance. We learn to
differentiate and to discriminate between man and woman from
the role our parents play. In this paper we analyze the role of
the family in constructing gender roles using Combined
Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps.
Keywords - Fuzzy, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Combined FCM,
Gender role, women empowerment, violence against women.
I. INTRODUCTION
Gender refers to the identification of the sexes usually
influenced by cultural factors like religion, politics social
factors and education. Fafunwa (1974), who analysed the role
of women in the African society, defines the traditional roles of
women to be mainly that of childbearing, housekeeping and the
sustenance of agricultural activities.
A. The Role of a Family
Family, as a social system and the fundamental unit of society,
plays vital role in building persons. In provides the first
foundational formation of personhood. It teaches what a person
is, what a boy is or what a girl is. As a social institution it is
also vulnerable to all kinds of social prejudices and
stereotypes, which it acquires from the society and teaches
them to the members of the society. Thus it plays a vital role in
constructing gender roles and gender relations. We first learn
to distinguish and discriminate men from women in family by
looking at the roles our parents play. As a Tamil poem says the
child learns to call her father when newspaper man comes and
call her mother when milkman comes without anyone to teach
her so. A recent survey, quoted in Unicef’s report, found
that 57 percent of adolescent Indian boys (15-19 years)
justified wife-beating by husbands as compared to 53 percent
female adolescents during 2002-2010. This clearly shows the
importance of the role played by social institutions like family
in defining and determining gender roles. In this paper we
analyze the role of the family in gender roles and gender
relations. For this we interviewed 25 families in Chennai. We
use Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
(COBFCM).
II. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMBINED OVERLAP
BLOCK FCM
In this section we just recall that the fundamentals of Fuzzy
cognitive maps
A. Definition
An FCM is a directed graph with concepts like policies, events
etc. as nodes and causalities as edges. It represents causal
relationship between concepts.
B. Definition
When the nodes of the FCM are fuzzy sets then they are called
as fuzzy nodes.
C. Definition
FCMs with edge weights or causalities from the set {-1, 0, 1}
are called simple FCMs.
D. Definition
The edges eij take values in the fuzzy causal interval [–1, 1]. eij
= 0 indicates no causality, eij > 0 indicates causal increase Cj
increases as Ci increases (or Cj
decreases as Ci decreases). eij < 0 indicates causal decrease or
negative causality. Cj decreases as Ci increases (and or Cj
increases as Ci decreases). Simple FCMs have edge values in
{–1, 0, 1}. Then if causality occurs, it occurs to a maximal
positive or negative degree. Simple FCMs provide a quick first
approximation to an expert stand or printed causal knowledge.
If increase (or decrease) in one concept leads to increase (or
decrease) in another, then we give the value 1. If there exists
no relation between two concepts, the value 0 is given. If
increase (or decrease) in one concept decreases (or increases)
another, then we give the value –1. Thus FCMs are described
in this way. Consider the nodes or concepts C1
, , Cn of the FCM. Suppose the directed graph is drawn using
edge weight eij {0, 1, -1}. The matrix E be defined by E = (eij),
where eij is the weight of the directed edge CiCj. E is called the
adjacency matrix of the FCM,also known as the connection
matrix of the FCM. It is important to note that all matrices
associated with an FCM are always square matrices with
diagonal entries as zero.
E. Definition
2. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 02 December 2013 Page No.67-70
ISSN: 2278-2419
68
Let C1, C2,… , Cn be the nodes of an FCM. Let A= (a1, a2,.. ,
an), where ai ( )i j {0,1}. A is called the instantaneous state
vector and it denotes the on-off position of the node at an
instant. ai = 0 if ai is off ai = 1 if ai is on, where i = 1, 2, , n.
F. Definition
Let C1, C2,…, Cn be the nodes of and FCM. Let
1 2 2 3 3 4
, , , ..., i j
C C C C C C C C be the edges of the FCM
( )i j . Then the edges form a directed cycle. An FCM is
said to be cyclic if it possesses a directed cyclic. An FCM is
said to be acyclic if it does not possess any directed cycle.
G. Definition
An FCM with cycles is said to have a feedback.
H. Definition
When there is a feedback in an FCM, i.e., when the causal
relations flow through a cycle in a revolutionary way, the FCM
is called a dynamical system.
I. Definition
Let 1 2 2 3 3 4 1
, , ,..., n n
C C C C C C C C
be a cycle. When Ci is
switched on and if the causality flows through the edges of a
cycle and if it again causes Ci, we say that the dynamical
system goes round and round. This is true for any node Ci, for
i =1, 2,…, n. The equilibrium state for this dynamical system
is called the hidden pattern.
J. Definition
If the equilibrium state of a dynamical system is a unique state
vector, then it is called a fixed point. Consider an FCM with
C1, C2,…, Cn as nodes. For example let us start the dynamical
system by switching on C1. Let us assume that the FCM
settles down with C1 and Cn on i.e., the state vector remain as
(1, 0, 0,…, 1). This state vector (1, 0, …, 0, 1) is called the
fixed point.
K. Definition
If the FCM settles down with a state vector repeating in the
form A1→A2→…→Ai→A1 then this equilibrium is called a
limit cycle of the FCM.
L. Definition
Finite number of FCMs can be combined together to produce
the joint effect of all the FCMs. Let E1, E2, , Ep be adjacency
matrices of the FCMs with nodes C1, C2, , Cn, then the
combined FCM is got by adding all the adjacency matrices
E1,… , Ep. We denote the combined FCM adjacency matrix by
E = E1 + E2 + …+ Ep.
M. Definition
Let P be the problem under investigation. Suppose let {C1, C2,
...,Cn} be n concepts associated with P (n very large) . Now
divide the number of concepts {C1, C2, ...,Cn} into classes
S1,...,St where the classes are such that
(i) Si Si+1 Ø where (i = 1,2,...,t-1)
(ii) Si = { C1, C2, ...,Cn }
(iii) |Si| |Sj| if i j in general.
Now we obtain the FCM associated with each of the classes S1,
…, St. We determine the relational matrix associated with each
Si. Using these matrices we obtain a n × n matrix. This n × n
matrix is the matrix associated with the Combined Overlap
Block FCM (COBFCM) of blocks of same sizes.
III. ADAPTATION OF COBFCM TO THE
PROBLEM
Using the linguistic questionnaire and the experts opinion we
have taken the following eight concepts {C1, C2, ...,C8}. These
concepts are taken as the main nodes for our problem.
C1 – Sex-selective preferences for boy child
C2– Using ‘gender-sensitive statements’ in the family
C3 – Assigning ‘gender-specific’ works
C4 – Social status enjoyed by the family
C5 – Religious background
C6 – The role of siblings and relatives
C7 – Cultural values/stereotypes.
C8 – Educational status
Now we proceed on to apply the effect of combined overlap
block FCM of equal length. Let us consider the eight concepts
{C1, C2, ...,C8}. We divide these concepts into cyclic way of
classes, each having just four concepts in the following way:
S1, = {C1, C2, C3, C4,}, S2 ={C3, C4, C5,C6}, S3 = {C5,C6, C7
, C8, }, S4 ={ C7, C8, C1, C2}.
The directed graph and the relation matrix for the class S1 =
{C1, C2, C3, C4,} given by the expert are as follows:
C1
C3
C2
C4
Fig 1
1
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
1 1 1 0
s
The directed graph and the relation matrix for the class S2 =
{C3, C4, C5,C6} given by the expert are as follows:
3. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 02 December 2013 Page No.67-70
ISSN: 2278-2419
69
C3
C5
C4
C6
Fig 2
2
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0
s
The directed graph and the relation matrix for the class S3 =
{C5, C6, C7, C8} given by the expert is as follows:
C5
C7
C6
C8
Fig 3
3
0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0
s
The directed graph and the relation matrix for the class S4 ={
C7, C8, C1, C2} given by the expert are as follows:
C7
C1
C8
C2
Fig 4
4
0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
s
Now using the matrix A of the Combined overlap block FCM
we determine the hidden pattern. Suppose the concept C1 is in
the ON state and all the nodes are in the OFF state. Let the
initial input vector be X = (1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ), where Sex-
selective preference for boy child is taken as the ON state and
all other nodes are in the OFF state.
The combined directed graph and combined overlap block
FCM of equal sizes is are follows:
C3
C1
C4
C2 C5 C6
C7 C8
Fig 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
c c c c c c c c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1
2 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
c
c
c
c
A
c
c
c
c
The effect of X on the dynamical system A is given by:
XA = ( 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1)
↪ ( 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1) = X1 (say)
X1 A = ( 5 6 4 2 1 4 2 3)
↪ ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1) = X2 (say)
X2 A = ( 5 6 6 3 1 6 4 5 )
↪ ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1) = X3 = X2Let us repeat the calculation
choosing another input vector X = (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1), where
Educational status of the family is taken as the ON state and all
other nodes are in the OFF state. The effect of X on the
dynamical system A is given by:
XA = ( 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0)
↪ ( 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1) = X1 (say)
X1 A = ( 3 3 4 3 1 3 4 3)
↪ ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1) = X2 (say)
X2 A = ( 5 6 6 3 1 6 4 5)
↪ ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) = X3 = X2(where ↪ denotes the
resultant vector after thresholding and updating ), X3 is the
hidden pattern, which is the fixed point.
Table 1
Input vector Limit point
( 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
( 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
( 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
( 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
(0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
( 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
( 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1) ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1)
IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
From the table above we can easily see that the family plays a
role in building gender roles in the society. For various input
vector we get the same limit point which means that all these
concepts do affect the gender roles. The terms of relationships
in a family are taken for granted and the rigidly defined gender
roles assigned within a family are hardly refuted. To bring
4. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 02 December 2013 Page No.67-70
ISSN: 2278-2419
70
about a fundamental change in the society at large, one should
begin from family.Sex-selective preference for boy child by
the parents and the relatives is usually justified by the relative
difference in cost spent for the education and marriage of a girl
and a boy. Therefore the abolition of dowry system becomes
vital to bring about a change in the minds of the parents and
relatives.Parents should be trained or instructed over their use
of gender sensitive and assignment of gender-specific works
statements in the family. As educational status also plays a role
in building gender role, education of girl children should be
compulsorily promoted.
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York, NY: mcgraw- Hill.
[3] Fafunwa, B.A. (1974), History of Education in Nigeria, London: Allen &
Unwin, I974 Pp. 264.
[4] Government of India. (2008), India Country Report: To prevent and
combat trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children and women,
World Congress III Against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 2008.
[5] Kandasamy, V.W.B. and A.V. Devadoss. (2004), “Some New Fuzzy
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[6] Klir G.J, and B. Yuan. (1997), Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy logic: Theory and
Application, Prentice hall of India private limited, New Delhi.
[7] Kosko, B.(1986), Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, International Journal of man-
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[8] UNICEF. (2012), Progress for Children: A report card on Adolescents, 3
United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA.