This document discusses coding and marking in food packaging. It covers labelling requirements like nutritional information and ingredients lists. Coding involves applying alphanumeric codes for details like batch numbers and expiration dates. Marking includes branding and promotional information. Common coding methods are inkjet printing, thermal transfer overprinting, and laser coding. Barcodes are also discussed, including linear codes like UPC and EAN and 2D codes like QR. Barcodes provide product identification and tracking benefits but have limitations like sensitivity to damage.

1. CODING AND MARKING INCLUDES
BARCODING IN FOOD PACKAGING

2. INTRODUCTION
• Labelling, coding and marking are essential process
in food packaging technology
• It's in food packaging refer to the process of adding
specific information, usually in the form of text,
numbers, or symbols, on food product packaging.
• These are in food packaging to ensure product
traceability, safety, and compliance with regulatory
requirements.

4. LABELLING

5. LABELLING INCLUDES
• Nutritional Information: Displays details about the
product's nutritional content, including calories,
fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and
minerals. This helps consumers make informed
dietary choices.
• Ingredients List: Lists all ingredients used in the
product, often in descending order of quantity.
Crucial for individuals with dietary restrictions or
allergies.

6. • Allergen Warnings: Clearly identifies common
allergens, such as peanuts, milk, soy, or gluten, to
protect consumers with allergies.
• Net Weight or Volume: Indicates the quantity of
the product, usually in both metric and imperial
units.
• Country of Origin: Specifies where the product was
manufactured or produced, which is often required
for imported goods.

8. CODING
• Coding involves the application of alphanumeric or
barcode information onto food packaging. This
code often includes details such as the
manufacturing date, price,batch number, and
expiry date. It helps manufacturers and consumers
track the product's freshness and origin.

9. CODING INCLUDES
• Batch or Lot Number: A unique identifier assigned
to each production run, assisting in tracking and
quality control.
• Manufacturing Date: The date when the product
was produced, helping consumers assess
freshness.
• Expiry Date or Best Before Date: Informs
consumers about the product's shelf life and safety.

11. MARKING
• Marking can be more elaborate than simple coding
and may include logos, brand names, or specific
product information. This is a way for
manufacturers to promote their brand and
distinguish their products on the market.

12. MARKING INCLUDES
• Branding: Incorporates logos, brand names, and
specific product information to build brand
recognition and attract customers.
• Promotional Information: May include slogans,
special offers, or unique selling points to entice
consumers.
• Aesthetic Design: A well-designed package can
enhance a product's visual appeal and
distinguish it from competitors.

13. METHODS OF CODING AND MARKING
• There are several methods for coding and
marking in food packaging, each with its
advantages and suitability depending on the
packaging material, production volume, and
required information.
• Here are some main types of coding and marking
methods used in food packaging.
1.Continue inkjet
2.Thermal transfer overprinting
3.Laser coding

14. CONTINUE INKJET
• It creates images or text on packaging material by
propelling tiny droplets of ink onto the material
surface
• When the printer is instructed to print a particular
part of the image, the printhead selectively heats
the ink in the nozzles. This sudden heating causes
the ink to vaporiz

15. • Inkjet printers typically have one or more ink
cartridges, each containing different colored ink
(e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) in separate
chambers. Some printers use additional colors for
higher-quality printing.
• Inkjet technology is widely used in food packaging
for printing labels, expiration dates, barcodes, and
other essential information on packaging
materials.

16. CONTINUE INKJET

17. THERMAL TRANSFER OVERPRINTING
• TTO printer consists of a printhead assembly and
a supply roll of ink ribbon. The ribbon is
positioned between the printhead and the
packaging material.
• Thermal transfer printers work by using a heated
printhead that applies that heat to a ribbon,
melting ink onto the media.Once the print head
reaches its operating temperature (around
300°C).

18. • Thermal Transfer Overprinting (TTO) is a printing
technology commonly used in the packaging and
labeling industry for printing variable
information, such as date codes, batch numbers,
barcodes, and product information, directly onto
packaging material
• It's is a method where heat is used to transfer ink
from a Thermal Transfer Ribbon onto a flexible
substrate like food, beverage, and medication
packaging.

19. THERMAL TRANSFER OVERPRINTING

20. LASER CODING
• Laser coding is a technology used for marking or
coding information onto various surfaces, typically
through the use of a laser beam.
• When the beam interacts with the material's
surface and this concentrated beam targets only a
specified area, allowing the laser marking
machine to create precise, high quality, high-
contrast marks that are easy to read or scan on
virtually any surface.

21. • The laser coding system is controlled by a
computer or controller that precisely guides the
laser beam's movement and intensity.
• It's commonly used in manufacturing and
packaging industries to apply product information
like date codes, batch numbers, barcodes, and
logos onto products or packaging materials. Laser
coding offers high precision, speed, and durability
compared to traditional ink-based coding
methods

22. LASER CODING

23. BARCODES
• A barcode is a visual representation of data that is
machine-readable. It consists of a series of
parallel lines and spaces of varying widths that
encode information.
• Barcodes are commonly used for product
identification, tracking purpose and other detail
information about Products

25. BARCODE SCANNER
• barcode reader or barcode scanner is an optical
scanner that can read printed barcodes, decode
the data contained in the barcode to a computer.
• A barcode scanner simply scans the white and
black text with a red light. This is then converted
into matching text. The text is then sent to the
decoder. This then sends a message to the
software and this is where all the information is
then stored.

27. BARCODING PROVIDING AGENCY
• GS1 is a not-for-profit international organization.Its
developing and maintaining its own standards for
barcodes Global Standards 1 .An international
standards organization with member bodies in
more than 100 countries worldwide (GS1 US, GS1
CANADA, GS1 FRANCE, etc.).

28. CLASSIFICATION OF BARCODES
• Barcodes can be classified into twocategories
based on their characteristics and use cases.
• Linear Barcodes: These barcodes consist of vertical
lines and spaces of varying widths. Examples
include UPC, EAN, Code 128, and Code 39
• .2D Barcodes: These barcodes store data both
horizontally and vertically, allowing them to store
more information than linear barcodes. Examples
include QR codes, Data Matrix,

29. EXAMPLE OF BARCODES
• Code 39 is a widely used linear barcode
symbology that encodes alphanumeric characters,
including letters (A-Z), numbers (0-9), and a few
special symbols (like "-", ".", "$", "%", "/", "+", and
"*"). It's also known as "Code 3 of 9" because it
uses nine elements (bars and spaces) to represent
each character.

30. • EAN stands for "European Article Number,"
although it is now more commonly known as the
"International Article Number." EAN barcodes are
a type of linear barcode commonly used for
product labeling and identification, particularly in
retail and commerce. There are two primary types
of EAN barcodes are EAN 13 & EAN 8
• EAN-13: This is the most common version of the
EAN barcode. It consists of 13 digits

31. • EAN-8: EAN-8 is a shorter version of the EAN
barcode with only 8 digits.

32. • The UPC, or Universal Product Code, is a widely
recognized and used linear barcode symbology
primarily employed in North America for product
identification and point-of-sale (POS) purposes.These
are in two types that are UPC A & UPC 6
• UPC-A: This is the standard version of the UPC
barcode used for most products. It consists of 12
digits

33. • UPC-E: UPC-E is a compressed version of UPC-A and
is used for smaller products .It contains 6 digits

34. • A QR code, short for "Quick Response code," is a
two-dimensional matrix barcode that can store
various types of data, including text, URLs, contact
information, and more. QR codes are square-
shaped and consist of black squares arranged on a
white background. They are designed to be quickly
scanned and decoded by a QR code reader, a
smartphone camera, or other imaging devices.

35. BARCODES
• Generally barcode lines are created by black and
white lines

36. GUARD BAR: These bars are separate the left
and right side of lines for easy to indentify the
date through systemic. The first 3 digit are
mentioned country code.
NUMBERING : In right side the black lines are
numberingeven number and white lines consist
odd numbers and left side lines are numbering
opposite to right side.

37. • LEFT SIDE LINES: These lines are mentioned
manufacture details about Products
• RIGHT SIDE LINES: These lines are mentioned the
product code
• CHECK DIGIT: This check digit is typically a single digit
that is added to the end of the barcode data.When
the barcode is scanned, the scanning equipment or
software applies the same algorithm to the numerical
digits in the barcode (excluding the check digit). If the
calculated check digit matches the one included in
the barcode, the data is considered vali

38. ADVANTAGES OF BARCODES
• Barcodes eliminate the possibility of human error.
...
• Using a barcode system reduces employee training
time. ...
• Barcodes are inexpensive to design and print. ...
• Barcodes provide better data.

39. DISADVANTAGE OF BARCODES
• Scratched or crumbled barcodes are may cause
problems
• System failure may cause delay
• Store less data compare to QR codes