This document defines and describes various design elements found in print newspapers, including white spaces, margins, frames, columns, mastheads, images, graphics, headlines, captions, side bars, decks, subheads, bylines, initial caps/drop caps, pull quotes, and adverts. It provides explanations for each element and how they are used to structure and convey information visually within the newspaper format.

2. 1) White spaces
Area of the page not covered with any ink such as text, images
etc and is left blank.
2) Margins and gutters
Lines set to prevent text over lapping and aligning the text within
the space so that its not cut out when printing.
3) Frames
Shapes outlining parts of text such as stories or columns, this is to
separate each text frame from the other.
4) Columns
Each Text frames consisting of articles etc are called columns

3. 1) Masthead
The name of the newspaper placed in the header of the front
page (eg: The nation , the dawn etc)
2) Images
Mainly the most attractive feature of any print. In newspaper it is
related to the article in such a way that it synopsize it for a first
glance
3) Graphics
Charts, Maps, diagrams etc. Especially used for stats and facts
4) Headlines
The largest size text at the top of the newspaper on the front
page it has the most important news in the entire newspaper.

4. 6) Captions
The title of the image or an article that is printed in the newspaper
7) Side bars
Smaller facts or articles in a list form at either side of the paper.
8) Decks
Short text summarizing the articles
5) Sub heads
Short line found just below the main headline in a much smaller font
related to the headline itself.

5. 10) By line
Name of the author placed above his/her storyline /columns.
11) Initial caps/drop caps
A large capital letter used at the beginning of the first story of the
newspaper.
9) Pull quotes
Most interesting quotes from within the related article are extracted
and written in lager font than the text to make it most prominent
and is place just before the paragraph or line where the quote
actually is written
12) Adverts
Paid advertisements printed. New products, promtions, sales
everything can be advertised