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Transformational Opportunities to
Perennialize Global Farming
Creating an EverGreen Agriculture
Dennis Garrity
UN Drylands Ambassador
Distinguished Board Research Fellow, World Agroforestry Centre
Chair, Partnership to Create an EverGreen Agriculture
Sustainable Development Goals
• Food security
• Poverty eradication
• Health
• Gender equity
• Universal Education
• Reversing land degradation
• Climate change resilience
• Energy for all
Trend in non-climate related net primary productivity
1981–2006. Conijn et al 2013.
New post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal:
Zero Net Land Degradation by 2030
Five million hectares of croplands now dominated
by fertilizer-fodder-fuewood trees in Niger
A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands
Total Global Emissions are accelerating
…but land-based emissions are declining
Land-use change black line: Includes management-climate interactions
Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
The albida halo effect
• Microclimate buffering
• Soil fertility improvement
Microclimatic variation:
Crop Canopy Temperature
Evergreen agriculture with Faidherbia albida in Zambia.
Faidherbia Trial Results in Zambia
Maize yield - zero fertiliser
2008 2009 2010
----- Tons/ha -------
With Faidherbia 4.1 5.1 5.6
Without Faidherbia 1.3 2.6 2.6
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Number of trials 15 40 40
DroughtDroughtFlood
P addition
resumed
Long-term maize yield without fertilizer
in a Gliricidia system
P stopped
Impact of fertilizer trees on maize yield
under farmer management
_______________________________________
Plot management Yield (t/ha)
Maize only 1.30
Maize + fertilizer trees 3.05
____________________________________________________________
2011 Survey of farms in six districts (Mzimba,
Lilongwe, Mulanje, Salima, Thyolo and Machinga)
FaidherbiaGliricidia
Maize
stubble
Faidherbi
a
Gliricidia
Maize
DRY SEASON
WET SEASON
Fertilizer-Fodder-Fuelwood Trees
in Food Crop Production Systems
Types of Evergreen Agriculture
1. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR)
on cropland
2. Conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT)
3. Conventional food crop production interplanted
with trees
17 Countries
engaged in
EverGreen
Agriculture
in Africa
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration
Conservation Agriculture with trees
Trees interplanted in conventional tilled
cropland
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration +
Trees interplanted in conventional tilled
cropland
EverGreen Agriculture Partnership
What do we need to do to fully mobilize
for the upcoming global revolution in
agroforestry upscaling?
• Urgent need to map agroforestry across
the world at global, regional, and national
scales
• Create a Global Agroforestry Assessment
based on national assessments
• Develop a global plan to upscale
agroforestry
• Staff up in linking agroforestry science to
Sri Lanka Leadership on
EverGreen Agriculture
1. Participate actively in the Global Partnership
to Create an EverGreen Agriculture
2. Activate a Sri Lankan Network for EverGreen
Agriculture
3. Lead a global effort to upscale
dendrothermal power generation with N-fixing
trees
4. Host an international workshop on
dendrothermal technology in 2015
The Perennialization of
Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable
planet.
Total Global Emissions are accelerating
…but land-based emissions are declining
Land-use change black line: Includes management-climate interactions
Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
The Perennialization of
Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable
planet.
The Perennialization of
Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable
planet.
For More Information
World Agroforestry Centre
www.worldagroforestry.org
Evergreen Agriculture web site
www.evergreenagriculture.net
Email contacts:
d.garrity@cgiar.org
Channels for Reducing Vulnerability
1. Buffer crop production from drought stress
-- Sustain higher and more stable yields
by more favorable microclimate
-- Conserve and enhance soil organic matter,
infiltration and water holding capacity
2. Tree crops generally less severely affected by
drought, heat, excess water
3. Greater diversity of income sources
Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration on crop fields: Initial Stages
A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands
The albida halo effect
• Microclimate buffering
• Soil fertility improvement
Zero Net Land Degradation
Classify all land into three categories:
– Degrading
– Regenerating
– Stable
Monitor land degradation and regeneration in terms
of biomass production.
Calculate the ratio: Regenerating/Degrading
The target is a ratio exceeding 1.0
What is Evergreen Agriculture?
A form of more intensive farming that
integrates trees into crop and livestock
production systems.
Evergreen farming systems are ‘double- story’
systems that feature both perennial and
annual species (food crops and trees),
maintaining a green cover on the land
throughout the year.
Wheat production with Paulownia trees
> 3 m hectares in China
Training for farmer
groups
curricula material for
universities and technical
colleges improved
Improved government
policies
Improved
technical
capacity of
extension
and
government
scaling up
efforts
Improved
communications and
awareness
Provision of
products
and
services by
the Private
sector
Technical and
institutional
capacity built
to support
spread of
EverGreen
Agriculture
Collaboration
between
organisations
supporting
EverGreen
Agriculture
EverGreen Agriculture PartnershipEverGreen Agriculture Partnership
Coconut research institute sri lanka address feb 21 2014

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Coconut research institute sri lanka address feb 21 2014

  • 1. Transformational Opportunities to Perennialize Global Farming Creating an EverGreen Agriculture Dennis Garrity UN Drylands Ambassador Distinguished Board Research Fellow, World Agroforestry Centre Chair, Partnership to Create an EverGreen Agriculture
  • 2. Sustainable Development Goals • Food security • Poverty eradication • Health • Gender equity • Universal Education • Reversing land degradation • Climate change resilience • Energy for all
  • 3. Trend in non-climate related net primary productivity 1981–2006. Conijn et al 2013. New post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal: Zero Net Land Degradation by 2030
  • 4. Five million hectares of croplands now dominated by fertilizer-fodder-fuewood trees in Niger
  • 5. A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands
  • 6.
  • 7. Total Global Emissions are accelerating …but land-based emissions are declining Land-use change black line: Includes management-climate interactions Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
  • 8.
  • 9. The albida halo effect • Microclimate buffering • Soil fertility improvement
  • 11.
  • 12. Evergreen agriculture with Faidherbia albida in Zambia.
  • 13. Faidherbia Trial Results in Zambia Maize yield - zero fertiliser 2008 2009 2010 ----- Tons/ha ------- With Faidherbia 4.1 5.1 5.6 Without Faidherbia 1.3 2.6 2.6 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Number of trials 15 40 40
  • 14.
  • 15. DroughtDroughtFlood P addition resumed Long-term maize yield without fertilizer in a Gliricidia system P stopped
  • 16. Impact of fertilizer trees on maize yield under farmer management _______________________________________ Plot management Yield (t/ha) Maize only 1.30 Maize + fertilizer trees 3.05 ____________________________________________________________ 2011 Survey of farms in six districts (Mzimba, Lilongwe, Mulanje, Salima, Thyolo and Machinga)
  • 18. Types of Evergreen Agriculture 1. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) on cropland 2. Conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT) 3. Conventional food crop production interplanted with trees
  • 19. 17 Countries engaged in EverGreen Agriculture in Africa Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration Conservation Agriculture with trees Trees interplanted in conventional tilled cropland Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration + Trees interplanted in conventional tilled cropland
  • 21.
  • 22. What do we need to do to fully mobilize for the upcoming global revolution in agroforestry upscaling? • Urgent need to map agroforestry across the world at global, regional, and national scales • Create a Global Agroforestry Assessment based on national assessments • Develop a global plan to upscale agroforestry • Staff up in linking agroforestry science to
  • 23. Sri Lanka Leadership on EverGreen Agriculture 1. Participate actively in the Global Partnership to Create an EverGreen Agriculture 2. Activate a Sri Lankan Network for EverGreen Agriculture 3. Lead a global effort to upscale dendrothermal power generation with N-fixing trees 4. Host an international workshop on dendrothermal technology in 2015
  • 24. The Perennialization of Agriculture … at the heart of a truly sustainable planet.
  • 25. Total Global Emissions are accelerating …but land-based emissions are declining Land-use change black line: Includes management-climate interactions Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012
  • 26.
  • 27. The Perennialization of Agriculture … at the heart of a truly sustainable planet.
  • 28. The Perennialization of Agriculture … at the heart of a truly sustainable planet.
  • 29. For More Information World Agroforestry Centre www.worldagroforestry.org Evergreen Agriculture web site www.evergreenagriculture.net Email contacts: d.garrity@cgiar.org
  • 30. Channels for Reducing Vulnerability 1. Buffer crop production from drought stress -- Sustain higher and more stable yields by more favorable microclimate -- Conserve and enhance soil organic matter, infiltration and water holding capacity 2. Tree crops generally less severely affected by drought, heat, excess water 3. Greater diversity of income sources
  • 31. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration on crop fields: Initial Stages
  • 32. A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands
  • 33. The albida halo effect • Microclimate buffering • Soil fertility improvement
  • 34. Zero Net Land Degradation Classify all land into three categories: – Degrading – Regenerating – Stable Monitor land degradation and regeneration in terms of biomass production. Calculate the ratio: Regenerating/Degrading The target is a ratio exceeding 1.0
  • 35. What is Evergreen Agriculture? A form of more intensive farming that integrates trees into crop and livestock production systems. Evergreen farming systems are ‘double- story’ systems that feature both perennial and annual species (food crops and trees), maintaining a green cover on the land throughout the year.
  • 36. Wheat production with Paulownia trees > 3 m hectares in China
  • 37. Training for farmer groups curricula material for universities and technical colleges improved Improved government policies Improved technical capacity of extension and government scaling up efforts Improved communications and awareness Provision of products and services by the Private sector Technical and institutional capacity built to support spread of EverGreen Agriculture Collaboration between organisations supporting EverGreen Agriculture EverGreen Agriculture PartnershipEverGreen Agriculture Partnership

Editor's Notes

  1. Over 17 countries across the African content, and many more around the world as you can hear about this week, have some form of EverGreen Agriculture present, be it from FMNR, planting or a mixture of both. Most of these countries also have the presence and collaboration of NGO’s and development organisations such as GIZ present.   Accelerate the ongoing national scaling-up programmes in Malawi, Zambia, Burkina Faso and Niger National Agroforestry Food Security Programmes being developed for India, Senegal, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Kenya Preparatory work for new programmes under way in Tanzania, Mali, and 12 other countries National policy commitments in Kenya - >10% tree cover on agricultural land Ethiopia – 100 mill Faidherbia trees in Ag land - National Faidherbia albida programme.
  2. International and regional development organisations - While Worldvision is one of our most important partners, we are also speaking to the Catholic relief service amoung other organisations Donors Governments and Policy International and Regional Research organisations Farmers and agricultural groups Private Sector Education Youth Civil Society
  3. Our approach to try to facilitate the removal of such barriers, and in so doing to allow the science to reach development outcomes, is through the EverGreen Agriclture Partnership. The Partnership involves working with a range of stakeholders from various different communities, from policy makers and national governments to farmer groups to the private sector. Each of these partners has their own contributions to make in supporting the scaling up of EverGreen Agriculture. As you can see the research community is also there, both as a partner to share technical advice and input with other development partners, but also to learn of the needs and questions that still exist. But what does this partnership actually do? Well, as part of the ITAACC pilot project, we have a range of activities underway, such as: the development of awareness raising and extension and training materials The development of models for youth based agribusinesses supporting EverGreen Agriculture (both at inputs and outputs) Providing training opportunities to government and non government extensionists working with farmers Liason with national governments on policies and strategies related to the use of trees on farms. Review of curriculum and development of teaching materials on EGA for use in university courses. Raising awareness and