World Coal market outlook according to 'World Energy Outlook' magazine 2015 edition.
Created for presentation in MSc Energy Engineering course on coal market.
Executive Summary for the IEA's annual World Energy Outlook, the 2016 edition. The Outlook predicts natural gas use will continue to rise, while coal will continue to fall. "We see clear winners for the next 25 years, natural gas, but especially wind and solar, replacing the champion of the previous 25 years, coal," said Fatih Birol, IEA's executive director.
Executive Summary for the IEA's annual World Energy Outlook, the 2016 edition. The Outlook predicts natural gas use will continue to rise, while coal will continue to fall. "We see clear winners for the next 25 years, natural gas, but especially wind and solar, replacing the champion of the previous 25 years, coal," said Fatih Birol, IEA's executive director.
Does growth in North American oil supply herald a new era of abundance - or does turmoil in parts of the Middle East cloud the horizon? How much can energy efficiency close the competitiveness gap caused by differences in regional energy prices? What considerations should shape decision-making in countries using, pursuing or phasing out nuclear power? How close is the world to using up the available carbon budget, which cannot be exceeded if global warming is to be contained? How can sub-Saharan Africa's energy sector help to unlock a better life for its citizens?
The webinar will present the main results of the analysis in the Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2017, and will cover:
- The implications of Southeast Asia’s growing role in global energy consumption for energy security, the environment and economic development
- A roadmap towards universal electricity access across the region, with details on the mix of fuels and technologies that could achieve this at the lowest cost
- A pathway towards mitigating Southeast Asia’s growing energy security and environmental concerns illustrated in The Sustainable Development Scenario, including the implications for energy sector investment to 2040
This is the third webinar in a series that is presenting the key findings and analysis from the World Energy Outlook 2017.
Annual report issued by the International Energy Agency. This newest report examines the critical role of price for crude oil in "rebalancing" supply and demand. The authors note the process of rebalancing (getting to higher prices) is rarely a smooth adjustment. Indeed! In the central scenario of this year's report, a tightening oil balance leads to a price around $80 per barrel by 2020--just five short years away.
This is the accompanying presentation to the hour-long World Energy Outlook 2017 webinar on The New Policies Scenario. Watch the webinar here: https://youtu.be/M6yuRJYeSuM
Large differences in regional energy prices are set to affect industrial competitiveness, influencing investment decisions and company strategies. The extraordinary rise of light tight oil in the United States will play a major role in meeting global demand growth over the next decade, but the Middle East – the only large source of low-cost oil – will remain at the centre of the longer-term oil outlook. India is set to overtake China in the 2020s as the principal source of growth in global energy demand. These are just some of the key findings from the IEA in the latest edition of its World Energy Outlook.
The role of CCS in mitigation scenarios - Ellina Levina, IEA Global CCS Institute
This is a presentation delivered by Ellina Levina of the International Energy Agency (IEA) at the Institute’s COP 17 side event, held on November 30. The presentation reviews the IEA’s work on CCS, including its scenarios that project CCS as delivering 19 per cent of required global emission cuts by 2050. The presentation also reviews current challenges to CCS and to global emissions reduction efforts.
The world is moving towards a crucial climate change meeting in Paris in December 2015 (COP21). The negotiations there will be based on national pledges, formally known as Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, with the goal of setting the world on a sustainable path. As energy production and use is responsible for two-thirds of greenhouse-gas emissions, the IEA feels an obligation to make a contribution to COP21 – a contribution which reconciles climate and energy needs.
The keynote presentation given by IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol at the “Energy Efficiency for the Future” DEMEX Side Event, Tuesday 12 September 2017.
This is the accompanying presentation to the hour-long World Energy Outlook 2017 webinar on The Sustainable Development Scenario. Watch the webinar here: https://youtu.be/rRP9YUS_ZaA
In 1979 China passed environmental protection law for trial implementation.The 1982 contitution includes important environmental provisions.Based on the provisions many laws were enacted .Water pollution prevention and control law 1984,Air pollution and control law 1987are some of the remarkable laws .
Does growth in North American oil supply herald a new era of abundance - or does turmoil in parts of the Middle East cloud the horizon? How much can energy efficiency close the competitiveness gap caused by differences in regional energy prices? What considerations should shape decision-making in countries using, pursuing or phasing out nuclear power? How close is the world to using up the available carbon budget, which cannot be exceeded if global warming is to be contained? How can sub-Saharan Africa's energy sector help to unlock a better life for its citizens?
The webinar will present the main results of the analysis in the Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2017, and will cover:
- The implications of Southeast Asia’s growing role in global energy consumption for energy security, the environment and economic development
- A roadmap towards universal electricity access across the region, with details on the mix of fuels and technologies that could achieve this at the lowest cost
- A pathway towards mitigating Southeast Asia’s growing energy security and environmental concerns illustrated in The Sustainable Development Scenario, including the implications for energy sector investment to 2040
This is the third webinar in a series that is presenting the key findings and analysis from the World Energy Outlook 2017.
Annual report issued by the International Energy Agency. This newest report examines the critical role of price for crude oil in "rebalancing" supply and demand. The authors note the process of rebalancing (getting to higher prices) is rarely a smooth adjustment. Indeed! In the central scenario of this year's report, a tightening oil balance leads to a price around $80 per barrel by 2020--just five short years away.
This is the accompanying presentation to the hour-long World Energy Outlook 2017 webinar on The New Policies Scenario. Watch the webinar here: https://youtu.be/M6yuRJYeSuM
Large differences in regional energy prices are set to affect industrial competitiveness, influencing investment decisions and company strategies. The extraordinary rise of light tight oil in the United States will play a major role in meeting global demand growth over the next decade, but the Middle East – the only large source of low-cost oil – will remain at the centre of the longer-term oil outlook. India is set to overtake China in the 2020s as the principal source of growth in global energy demand. These are just some of the key findings from the IEA in the latest edition of its World Energy Outlook.
The role of CCS in mitigation scenarios - Ellina Levina, IEA Global CCS Institute
This is a presentation delivered by Ellina Levina of the International Energy Agency (IEA) at the Institute’s COP 17 side event, held on November 30. The presentation reviews the IEA’s work on CCS, including its scenarios that project CCS as delivering 19 per cent of required global emission cuts by 2050. The presentation also reviews current challenges to CCS and to global emissions reduction efforts.
The world is moving towards a crucial climate change meeting in Paris in December 2015 (COP21). The negotiations there will be based on national pledges, formally known as Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, with the goal of setting the world on a sustainable path. As energy production and use is responsible for two-thirds of greenhouse-gas emissions, the IEA feels an obligation to make a contribution to COP21 – a contribution which reconciles climate and energy needs.
The keynote presentation given by IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol at the “Energy Efficiency for the Future” DEMEX Side Event, Tuesday 12 September 2017.
This is the accompanying presentation to the hour-long World Energy Outlook 2017 webinar on The Sustainable Development Scenario. Watch the webinar here: https://youtu.be/rRP9YUS_ZaA
In 1979 China passed environmental protection law for trial implementation.The 1982 contitution includes important environmental provisions.Based on the provisions many laws were enacted .Water pollution prevention and control law 1984,Air pollution and control law 1987are some of the remarkable laws .
¿Energía sostenible para el mundo?
Por Sir Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Director de Investigación Energética en la Universidad de Oxford y Ex director general del CERN.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. Some Overview
Coal is a combustible sedimentary rock composed mostly of
carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal is composed primarily of
carbon along with variable quantities of other elements like
hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coals are formed when dead plant matter is converted into
peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then Bituminous
coal and finally anthracite. This involves biological and
geological processes that take place over a long period of
time.
Coal Produces 62% of world’s electricity. Most abundant fossil
fuel and could easily last at least 200 years.
3. Advantage of Coal
• Coal is one of the most abundant sources of
energy, more so than oil and natural gas.
• Coal is a relatively cheap energy source.
• Coal can be easily transported to the power
stations.
• Coal can be safely stored and can be drawn
upon to create energy in time of emergency.
4. Disadvantages of Coal
• To dig up coal, we have to create mines which can be
dangerous and cause environmental pollution.
• Coal energy is producing tremendous amount of carbon
emissions that results in climate change and global warming.
• Coal burning is considered not environmental friendly due to
the production of harmful by-products like nitrogen, carbon
dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
• Transporting coal by lorry and train from the mine to
the power station causes pollution.
• Coal is a non-renewable source and will run out in
about 300 years.
• Coal miners can be affected by black lung disease and
emphysema if they breathe coal dust.
6. Coal Reserve (2012)
• USA- About 25% of the world’s total coal reserve
is in this country.
• Russia- 18% of the of world’s total reserve.
• China- about 13% of world’s total reserves.
• Australia- 8.9% of world’s total coal deposits.
• India- 7% of world’s total reserve.
Germany, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Colombia,
Canada
9. Defining the scenarios
There are three core scenarios, which differ
in their assumptions about the evolution of
energy-related government policies:
•The New Policies Scenario;
•The Current Policies Scenario; and
•The 450 Scenario.
The New Policies Scenario is the central
scenario of this Outlook. It includes all policies
announced but yet to be implemented.
10. The Current Policies Scenario takes into
consideration only those policies for which
implementing measures had been formally
adopted.
The 450 Scenario takes a different approach,
adopting a specified outcome – the international
goal to limit the rise in the long-term
average global temperature to two degrees
Celsius (2°C) and illustrating how that might be
achieved.
21. Summary
• In the New Policies Scenario global coal demand to 2040 will grow
by 0.4% per year on average, a marked slowdown compared with
2.4% over the past 25 years. Despite coal losing out to
renewables as the world’s largest source of electricity generation
soon after 2030, it still accounts for 30% of global electricity output
by 2040.
• Chinese net import will decline by over 50% to 2040; as the
world’s largest coal consumer and producer, shifts in China’s
demand have strong repercussions on global coal trade.
• India will become the world’s second-largest coal consumer
and producer in the current decade, as its demand nearly triples
and production grows more than in any other country.
• The key uncertainties affecting the coal markets are developments
in climate and local pollution policies, changes in coal demand
prospects in China and growth of production in India.