A clean renewable energy source to combat climate change

1. Climate Change
The change in global/regional climate patterns, late 20th century
onwards largely due to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon
dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Global warming
The long-term trend of a rising average global temperature.
Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change
(Gilbert Plass - 1956)
Climate sensitivity to doubling of atm. CO2 is 3°C at 3.6°C

2. Climate Change effects
• 15-37% of species extinction by 2050
• Changes in Earth’s energy balance
• Even small increases in Earth’s temperature caused by
climate change can have severe effects

3. SWOT analysis of climate change phenomenon
• STRENGTHS
• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in
1992; 195 countries reached agreement on a new climate treaty
in 2015
• WEAKNESSES
• Controversies; Climate change does not affect all countries
equally; Requires huge initial investments
• OPPORTUNITIES
• Fossil fuel reserve depletion; Increase in global energy need
• THREATS
• Paris Agreement failure; President Trump

4. Global & Indian energy needs
• Projected global energy demand is over 150% by 2030
• Energy trilemma
• India is the fifth largest energy consumer in the world
• Cashless plastic currency; Social ID tracking; ICT
governance; Online communication; Space technology;
Laser border
• India imports 80% of fuel
• 76% of crude oil and 29% of natural gas is imported

5. Bioenergy Technology (BET) benefits
• Reliable
• Human controlled
• Cheap
• Energy security
• Employment (100 times)
• Energy to rural & remote areas
• Low GHGs (60%)
• Combats climate change
• BET can fulfill the future energy demand up to 250
EJ/year without elevating climate change phenomenon

6. BET Challenges
• Generic barriers
• Technology specific barriers
• Environmental and operational hazards of Flue gas
cleaning
• Low fuel calorific value due to high moisture content
• Mono-cropping
• Loss of biodiversity
• Competes with local usage of bio-resources
• Monetized fuel
• 2‐3 months harvesting per year

7. Global mitigation
• U.S. is the first largest carbon dioxide emitter
• China ranks the second largest carbon dioxide emitter
• Bigger global economies are losing rank in Climate Change
Performance Indicator (CCPI)
CCPI 2014 2016
USA 43 34
Canada 58 56
China 46 47
Japan 50 58
Australia 57 59
India* 30 25

8. Indian mitigation
1981- Commission to develop renewable energy
1982- Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources
1992- Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES)
1993- Renewable energy power purchase guidelines
2001- Energy Conservation Act
2003- Electricity Act
2005- National Electricity Policy
2006- Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
2006- Tariff Policy, Rural Electrification Policy & Integrated
Energy Policy Report of Plann. Comm. Ind.
2014- RE at the top of its agenda

9. Thank You