Network cables such as coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, and twisted pair cables are used to connect network devices and computers to share resources. Coaxial cable has a central conductor surrounded by insulating and shielding layers, and is commonly used by internet providers. Twisted pair cable has two insulated copper wires twisted together, and comes in UTP and STP varieties. Different cable categories like Cat3, Cat5, and Cat6 support varying data transmission speeds and frequencies. Cable colors are also standardized to identify wire pairs. Optical fiber uses single mode fiber that can support higher bandwidths and longer transmission distances than multi-mode fiber.

1. Md Farhadul AlamHimel
1925102515
Classnote -3
Cables and Connectors
Network cable:
Networking cables are networking hardware used to connect one network device to other
network devices or to connect two or more computers to share printers, scanners etc. Different
types of network cables, such as coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, and twisted pair cables.
Coaxial cable:
Coaxial cable is commonly used by cable operators, telephone companies, and internet
providers around the world to convey data, video, and voice communications to customers. It
has also been used extensively within homes. Coaxial cable is a type of cable that has an inner
conductor surrounded by an insulating layer, surrounded by a conductive shielding. Many
also have an insulating outer jacket The diagram below illustrates the construction of a typical
cable. Electrical signal flows through the center conductor. A single-core coaxial cable uses a
single central metal (usually copper) conductor, while a multi-core coaxial cable uses multiple thin
strands of metal wires. The following image shows both types of cable.

2. The three most common cable sizes are:
RG-6
RG-8
RG-58
RG-75
Twisted pair cable
A twisted pair cable comprises of two separate insulated copper wires, which are twisted together
and run in parallel. One of the wires is used to transmit data and the other is the ground reference.
Based on how pairs are stripped in the plastic sheath, there are two types of twisted-pair cable;
UTP and STP. In the UTP cable, all pairs are wrapped in a single plastic sheath. In the STP cable,
each pair is wrapped with an additional metal shield, then all pairs are wrapped in a single outer
plastic sheath.
Name of the cable chart:
 Cat-1: This is not recognized by the TIA/EIA. It is the form of wiring that is used for standard
telephone wiring.

3.  Cat-2: This is not recognized by the TIA/EIA. It was the form of wiring that was used
for 4Mbit/s token ring networks.
 Cat-3: This cable is defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. It is used for data networks employing
frequencies up to 16 MHz. It was popular for use with 10 Mbps Ethernet networks (100Base-
T), but has now been superseded by Cat-5 cable.
 Cat-4: This cable is not recognized by the TIA/EIA. However, it can be used for networks
carrying frequencies up to 20 MHz. It was often used on 16Mbps token ring networks.
 Cat-5: This is not accepted by the TIA / PTA. It is a widely used network cable for 100Base-T
and 1000Base-T networks and allows data transmission over Ethernet at 100 Mbit/s and above
(125 MHz for 1000Base-T). The Cat 5 cable replaced the Cat 3 version and became the standard
for Ethernet cable for several years. Cat 5 cables are now obsolete and are not recommended for
new installations.
 Cat-6: This cable is defined in TIA / EIA-568-B, which greatly improves the performance of
Cat-6. During cat production, the 6 cables adhere more tightly than Cat 5 and they have an outer
foil or braided shield. Shield protection protects the twisted pair wires inside the Ethernet cable
and helps prevent corrosion and noise interference. Cat-6 cables can technically support speeds
of up to 10 Gbps, but only up to 55 meters.
Cable colour:
1. Orange
2. Blue
3. Brown
4. Green
SMF:
This cable carries only a single beam of light. This is more reliable and supports much higher
bandwidth and longer distances than the MMF cable. This cable uses a laser as the light source
and transmits 1300 or 1550 nano-meter wavelengths of light.
REFERENCE:
1. en.wikipedia.org
2. www.ppc-online.com
3. www.tutorialspoint.com
4. https://computernetworktopology.com