Cm be civil

Guided By Dr. U. J. Kahalekar Sir

Represented by Rahul Agrawal

Govt. College of Engg., A' bad

April 18, 2013 Construction Management 1
Agrawal

Planning

1. Planning is the most important technique of the management.
2. Planning means “Looking ahead”.
3. This is mental process requiring the use of intellectual
facilities, imagination, foresight and sound judgment, to be
dine, who will do it an how the results are to be evaluated.
4. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human
and material resources to achieve the objectives of the
project.

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Site Selection Criteria considerations

1. Availability of land, soil characteristics and cover of
land
2. Approach to site
3. Transportation and availability of material
4. Availability of man-power
5. Availability of other facilities such water supply,
electricity, drainage, etc
6. Acceptance of the project by the local bodies

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Financial Analysis

1. Engg. and Project management cost
2. Lump sum payment for technology cost
3. Engg. Fee
4. Management and supervision during construction
5. Enabling works
6. Construction equipment used
7. Miscellaneous fixed assets
8. Provision of contingencies
9. Operating cost
10. Working cost

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Steps involved in planning

1. Crystallizing the opportunity or problem
2. Securing and analyzing necessary information
3. Establishing planning premises and constraints
4. Ascertaining alternative course of action or plan
5. Selecting optimum plan
6. Determining derivative plan
7. Fixing the timing of introduction
8. Arranging future evaluation of effectiveness of the plan

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Objectives of Planning

1. Proper design of each element of the project
2. Proper selection of equipment and machinery in big project
3. Proper arrangement of repair of equipment and machinery near the site of
work to keep them ready to work
4. Procurement of material well in advance
5. Employment of trained and experienced staff on the project
6. To provide welfare schemes for the staff and workers such as medical and
recreational facilities
7. To provide incentive for good workers
8. To arrange constant flow of funds for the completion of the project
9. To provide proper safety measures such as proper ventilation, proper
arrangement of light and water
10. Proper arrangements of means of communications and feedback etc..

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Advantage of Planning

1. Advantage to contractors
2. Advantage to clients
3. Advantage to architects/ engineer

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Advantage to contractors

1. Job is studied in details by help of bar chart
2. Loss of money and help to relieve the financial burden to
contractor
3. Labours requirement are used properly
4. Actual work can be measured
5. Job is completed in time

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Limitation in Planning

1. The effectiveness of the plan depends upon the correctness of
assumptions
2. Planning is expansive
3. Planning delays action
4. Planning encourages a false sense of security

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Stages in Planning

1. Preplanning : objectives are clearly spelt out, general
framework of the project is formulated, cost benefit analysis
and investment alternatives.
2. Detailed Planning : preparation of detailed design, detailed
working drawings, specifications and detailed bill of
quantities.
3. Monitoring and Control : updating of the schedule, taking
into account the actual progress of project and preparing
revised forecasting regarding availability of various
resources.

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Types of Plans

1. Standing Plan : used repeatedly & including
managements policies, procedures, rules
2. Single use Plan : used for single purpose and objective
is accomplish within short period of time. (Ex. Budgets)
3. Strategic Plan : Vitally effect development of an
organization. Factor include economic, technological
and environmental factors.
4. Administrative Plan : this is less subjective than
strategic plan. It focus on how to accomplish objective
of project or project or organization.

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Contract

Contract is an agreement, which will be valid in law or enforceable
by law, between or among two or more parities, for provision
of supplies and/or services against consideration of monitory
value, either in cash or in kind.
Types of Contract
1. Lump Sum contract
2. Cost plus fixed contract
3. Cost plus bid free contract
4. Guaranteed Maximum contract
5. Negotiated contract
6. Unit price contract

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Specification

This is description of items of work to be provided in a project
along with details regarding materials to be used and
workmanship to be done.
Types of Specification
• General specification
• Detailed specification
• Special specification
• Restricted specification
• Manufacturer’s specification

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Tender Information

1. Name of the dept. calling for tenders
2. Name of work and location
3. Designation of officer inviting tenders
4. Last date and time of receipt of tenders
5. Period of availability of tender forms
6. Cost of tender documents
7. Time of completion and type of contract
8. Earnest money deposits to be paid
9. Date, time and place of opening tenders
10. Designation of the officer opening tenders

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Tender Types Tender Document

1. Open tender 1. General consideration of
2. Limited tender tender
3. Single tender 2. Schedule of items of
4. Rate contract work with clear
specification
3. Special conditions

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Scheduling

Construction scheduling is a graphical representation
which shows the phasing rate of construction
activities with the starting completion dates and
sequential relationship among the various activities or
operations in project so that work can be carried out
in an orderly and effective manner.

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Preparation of scheduling
1. The project is divided into number of operation and the
sequences of these operation can be derived after knowing
their relationship properly.
2. The quantity of work involved in each operation has to be
calculated.
3. The time required for completion of the project as well as
different activities are to be calculated. This can be done
from the quantity of work involved and rate of performing
each work.

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Uses of scheduling Advantages of scheduling

1. Gives quantity of work 1. Many alternative method can
involved, labour, be choose
materials and equipment 2. Clear idea regarding workers,
at each stage. materials, equipments
2. Actual progress of work 3. Staring time of work is
can be check known
3. Carried out in systematic 4. Resources utilization is
manner minimum
5. Actual work is monitored
6. Inter-relationship of various
activities are known

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Bar charts
Henry Gantt around 1900 A.D.
Bar chart consists of two coordinate axes representing the jobs or
activities to be performed and other representing time elapsed.
Following step are involved
1. Divide project into many activities
2. List out the activities
3. Find the inter-relationship among these activities
4. Arrange activities in systematic way
5. Calculate quantity of work and time required
6. Draw it according to scale

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Limitation of Bar Chart

1. They can be used only for small projects
2. It does not show the interdependencies between the
various activities in project
3. The progress of the work in project cannot be monitored
scientifically
4. Delays in the work cannot be detected
5. It does not indicate critical activities of project
6. It gives some idea about the physical progress of
project.
7. It can’t be used as controlling devices by the project
manager to take any timely action.

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Network Diagram

Network is graphical and logical model or plan which lists
out the sequences of various operations (with
interdependencies) which are required to be performed for
the final achievement of the project objectives.

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Terms in Network Diagram

1. Activity : any position of project which consume time ot
resources and has a definite beginning and an end called as
an activity. It is denoted by an arrow
2. Event : the beginning or completion of an activity is termed
as an event. It indicates a particular instant of time at which
some specific milestone has been achieved.
3. Network logic : this denotes the technical dependencies
among activities. A good network logic reflects cost
effectiveness of project in long run.
4. Dummy : it similar to an activity but it does not consume
any resources. It represent by Dashed Arrow

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Terms in Network Diagram

Activity
Dummy
Node

Representation of Activity, Node, Dummy

A B
1 2 3

Representation of Network Logic

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Types of Events

1. Tail Event : which marks the beginning of an activity.
2. Head Event : which marks the completion of an activity.
3. Dual Role Event : which acts as tail event for one activity
and head event for other activity.
4. Burst & Merge Event
A 2
2 A
B
1 3 3 1
B
Burst Merge
4 4 Event
Event C
C

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Types of NETWORKS

1. Activity on Arrow (A-O-A) or Arrow Diagram : the arrow
represent activities and node represent the events.
2. Activity on Node (A-O-N) or Precedence Diagram : the
node represent activities and arrow represent the events.
3. Event oriented networks (PERT type)

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Rules for drawing a Networks
1. Network will have only one initial node. Initial node will be only out going
arrows
2. Network can have only one final node. Final node will have only one incoming
arrow
3. No activity can start until its tail event has occurred
4. An event can’t occur until all the activities leading upto it are completed
5. No event can occur twice. Hence network looping isn’t permitted
6. An arrow should represent singular situation. Individuality and separate entity
of each activity should be maintained.
7. The network should be drafted such that all activities are completed to reach
end objectives
8. All constraints and interdependencies should be shown properly on the network
using dummies
9. Network logic should always be maintained
10. Time flow is usually shown from left to right.

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Fulkerson’s Rule for Numbering the Events

1. There will be single initial event in network which has only
arrows coming out of it. This event is given number 1.
2. All arrows coming out of event 1 are neglected. This
provides us with one or more initial events. These event are
numbered 2,3,4,5 etc.
3. Again neglect all the arrows coming out of these numbered
events. A few more initial events will be created. These are
also numbered similarly.
4. This operation is continued until last event is reached and
numbered.

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CPM Critical Path Method

1. CPM was discovered jointly by DuPont and Reunington
Rand Univac in 1957

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Difference between CPM & PERT

• CPM is activity oriented • PERT is event oriented
• Time estimates are of fair degree • Time estimates are not that
of accuracy accurate
• Deterministic approach • Probabilistic approach
• Cost is governing factor • Time is governing factor
• Project duration is fixed and cost • Cost is directly proportional to
is minimum time
• Critical path which joins critical • Her critical path is path which
activities joins the critical events

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CPM
• Earliest Event Time : earliest occurrence time is the earliest time
at which an event can occur.
TEj = TEi + tij
where TEj = earliest event time of head event
TEi = earliest event time of tail event
tij = duration of the activity (i-j)

• Latest Event Time : latest allowable occurrence time is the latest
time by which an event must occur to keep project on schedule.
TL = TLi - tij
where TL = latest event time of head event
TLi = earliest event time of tail event
tij = duration of the activity (i-j)

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CPM Activity Time
• Earliest start time : is earliest time by which an activity can start.
– EST =TE(i)

• Earliest finish time : is earliest time by which an activity can completed.
– EFT = EST = tij

• Latest start time : time at which an activity can start without delaying
completion of project as whole.
– LST = LFT - tij

• Latest finish time : time at which an activity can finish without delaying
completion of project as whole.
– LFT = TL(i)

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Float
• Float denote the flexibility range within which activity start and
finish times many fluctuate without affecting total project
duration
• Total Float : it is time span by which starting or finishing of an activity
can delayed without affecting overall completion time of project.
– FT = LFT – EFT
• Free Float : it is that duration by which an activity can be delayed
without delaying any other succeeding activity.
– FF = FT - Sj
• Independent Float : it is excess time available if the preceding activity
ends as late as possible and the succeeding activity starts as early as
possible.
– FID = FF - Si
• Interfering Float : it is that difference between total float and free
float.
– FIT = FT – FF = Si

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Classification of Activities
1. Sub critical activities : when float is +ve; the activity
needs normal attention but has no flexibility.
2. Critical activities : when float is zero; the activity needs
extra attention. This has no freedom of action.
3. Super critical activities : when float is –ve; such
activities require very special attention and care.

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PERT
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique is management tool
used for planning, controlling and reviewing a project.
• It follows probabilistic approach towards time durations.
• It is also event oriented network method where more importance is
given to the achievement of discernible milestone rather than the
activity can’t be made.
• Slack can be positive, zero or negative
• Positive Slack = it is obtained when TL is more than TE. It
indicates on schedule condition
• Zero Slack = it TL is equal to TE. It indicate on schedule condition
• Negative Slack = it TL is less than TE. It indicates behind the
schedule

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Classification of Construction Equipment

1. Earth moving equipment
2. Hauling Equipment
3. Hoisting Equipment
4. Conveying Equipment
5. Aggregate and concrete production Equipment
6. Pile Driving Equipment
7. Tunneling and Rock Drilling Equipment
8. Pumping and Dewatering Equipment

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Excavation Equipment : Power Sovels
1. Long lasting and useful class of earth moving equipment.
2. One of basic equipment employed to excavate the earth and to load the
trucks.
3. It is capable of excavating all types of earth, except hard rock.
4. It may be crawler mounted or wheel mounted.
5. Crawler mounted have low speeds but very effective in unstable soils
6. Wheel mounted have higher speeds and are effective only in firm soils
7. The size of Power Sovels varies from 0.375 to 5 cubic meter
8. Basic parts include track system, cabin, cables, rack, stick, foot pin, saddle
block, boom point sheaves and bucket.

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Excavation Equipment : Back Hoe

1. It is also termed as Hoe, Back Sovels and Pull Shovel
2. Generally used to excavate below natural surface on which it rests.
3. Used to excavate trenches, pits for basements and generally grading work,
which requires precise control of depths.
4. Basic parts include Boom, Jack Boom, Boom foot drum, Boom Sheave,
Stick Sheave, Bucket and Bucket Sheave.

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Excavation Equipment : Drag Line

1. Prominent operation of dragging the bucket against the material to be dug
2. Long light crane boom and bucket is loosely attached to the boom through
cables.
3. Useful in digging below its track level and handling softer materials
4. The capacity of dragline is indicated by size of the bucket in cubic meters
5. It can be crawler mounted, wheel mounted or trucked mounted.
6. Basic part dragline include the boom, hoist cable, drag cable, hoist chain,
drag chain and bucket.

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Excavation Equipment : Clamshell

1. Also named as resemblance of its bucket to a clam which is like a shell
fish with hinged double shell.
2. The front end is essentially a crane boom with specially designed bucket
loosely attached at the end through cables as in drag line.
3. Basic part are closing line, hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and
hinge.

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Excavation Equipment : Trenching Machine

1. These are used for excavating trenches for laying pipelines, sewers, cables
etc.
2. Their operation is quick giving the required depth or width.
3. Wheel type : this can be used for providing depth of 3m and width ranging
from 0.3 to 0.6m. The machine consist of power driven wheel provided
with a number of detachable buckets having cutting teeth.
4. Ladder type : this consists of telescopic ladder or boom. There are two
endless chains on which detachable buckets are mounted. The boom is
holding the chains. The excavated material is conveyed to conveyor belt
which disposes off the excavated earth.

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Excavating & Earth-moving Equipment :
Scrapers
1. Result of compromise between best loading and best hauling machines
2. They have established an important position in the earth moving field
3. It unique machine for digging and long distance hauling of ploughable
materials
4. Self operating machine which digs and carry its own load through
scrapping the ground, hauls it over the required distance and discharging
5. Classified as crawler-tractor-pulled and wheel-tractor-pulled depending on
the type of tractor used to pull them
6. Basic part are bowl, apron, and tail gate or ejector.

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Bull Dozers
1. These versatile equipments are commonly used in construction projects
2. Heavy blade attached to the tractor pushes material from one place to other
3. Classified on basic of position of blades, mountings and controlled
4. Generally used for spreading earth fill
5. For opening uproot roads through mountainous and rocky terrains
6. Clearing construction site
7. Maintaining hauls roads

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Tractors
1. These are multi purpose machines used mainly for pulling and pushing the
other equipment or heavy loads
2. They are also used for agricultural purposes.
3. Classified as crawler type tractor and wheel type tractor
4. Crawler type tractor is versatile equipment used to move bull dozers,
scrapers and wagons on rough roads. The speed of this type doesn’t 12
kmph normally. It isn’t used on bituminous road
5. Wheel type tractor is mounted on four wheels. The main advantage is
higher speed upto 50kmph. Used for long distance hauling and on good
roads. And agricultural used

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Excavating Compaction Equipment :
Smooth Wheel Rollers
1. Plain steel rollers, self-propelled type, weighing from 5 to 15 tones and are
used for ordinarily rolling work is where deep compaction isn’t required,
the principal application being wider.
2. These roller are usually diesel engine type
3. Compacts only small top thickness of earth and it effect doesn’t reach
bottom of the layer
4. After compaction roller leave the surface smooth

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Sheep Wheel Rollers
1. Compacting earth work in embankment and canals where compaction deep
into layer of earth is required, these types of rollers are used
2. Tamping effect produce good effect
3. Roller is hollow steel drum
4. Self-propelled or as towed units
5. Weigh upto 15tonnes or more and travel at speed of 25kmph

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Pneumatic Tyred Rollers
1. Consist of base or platform mounted between tow axles, the rear of which
has one more wheel than the front
2. Tyres must be so arranged that the tracks of forward wheels lie in between
tracks of backward wheels
3. Compacting fine grained soil and well graded sands
4. Self propelled and ballasting is done using either water or sand or pig iron
to increase self weight

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Difference between Crawler & Wheeled

• Crawler type roller has slow • Wheeled type roller has greater
speed speed
• More compact and powerful and • Can handle only lighter jobs
can handle heavier jobs
• Cheaper
• Costly
• • Operational & maintenance cost is
Cost of operation & maintenance
is high less
• Stick control for steering • Wheel steering control
• Moves on rough roads only • Moves on rough as well as good
• Used for short distances roads
• Requires skillful operation, • Used for longer distances
maintenance & repairs • Lesser skills required for operation,
maintenance & repairs

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Hauling Equipment

1. Defined as movement of material form one place to another
2. Equipment used for transportation of material is called as hauling
equipment or simply haulers
3. They classified as Dump Trucks and Dumpers
4. Dump trucks : used for earth moving purpose. Dumping of earth can done
rear, on the sides or at the bottom of truck.
5. Selection of the type of dump trucks for a specific job depends on the soil
condition and the nature of the haul road
6. Dumpers : are high speed pneumatic wheeled trucks with short chassis
and strong bodies.
7. The hauling and dumping and dumping is done very fast compared to
other equipment by using the dumper.

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Hoisting Equipment
1. It is the operation of lifting a weight from one location and moving it to
another location which is at a reasonable distance and then dumping it.
2. Now a days, many big projects such as construction of dams, industrial
buildings etc. require hoisting equipment.
3. It includes jacks, winches, chain hoists and cranes.
4. As hoisting equipment, crane is only single machine which has a single
piece, is capable of providing three dimensional movement of a weight.
5. Cranes are broadly classified as
1. Stationary or derrick cranes
2. Mobile cranes
3. Overhead or gantry cranes
4. Traveler cranes
5. Tower cranes

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Hoisting Equipment : Derrick Cranes
1. It consist of mast, a boom and a bull wheel on which the boom rotates
about vertical axis and guys or supporting members
2. These cranes are either electrically operated, diesel operated or both
3. The guy derrick has small mast supported by a number of guys and boom
pivoted at the lower end of the mast. The boom can revolve through 360’.
This crane is used for heavy loads upto 200 tons.
4. When load become less then 50 tons, guy ropes are replaced by trussed
structure which become stiff leg derrick. It consists of mast, which can
rotate and a boom. A stiff leg derrick is used for loads from 7 to 50tons.

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Hoisting Equipment : Mobile Cranes
1. These are mounted on mobile units which is either crawlers type or wheel
type.
2. Truck cranes have high mobility while the crawler mounted cranes move
slowly.
3. Crawler type are capable of moving on rough terrain
4. Used for transportation of loads to shorter distances

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Hoisting Equipment : Traveler Cranes
1. They have their crabs moving on girders which are supported on legs
instead of on overhead gantry track as used in overhead cranes.
2. The legs are capable of moving on tracks laid on the floors

Hoisting Equipment : Tower Cranes
1. Used for industrial and residential high rise building.
2. These are commonly used for assembly of industrial plants with steel
structures.
3. Main part of crane are under carriage, slewing platform, tower with
operator’s cabin and jibs
4. Tower has truss structure welded from steel bars and channels

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Conveying Equipment
1. It is process of transporting material from one place to another over a
stationary structure.
2. They are those which carry material in continuous stream with its distinct
features such as endless chain or belt.
3. When equipment does horizontally conveying it is know as conveyor
4. When equipment does vertically conveying it is know as elevator
5. Advantages of conveyor are
1. It increases output
2. It facilitates continuity in operation
3. It results in time saving
4. These are no waiting periods

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Conveying Equipment : Belt Conveyor
1. It is one of popular conveying machinery
2. Used when large quantities of materials have to be conveyed over long
distances at fast speed
3. Simplest form consists of belt running over a pair of end drums or pulleys
and supported at regular intervals by series of rollers called idlers
4. Advantages of belt conveyor are
1. It can handles light/ heavy materials, dry/ wet, fine/ coarse.
2. Designed for conveying several thousand tons of material per hour and for
distances of several kilometers.
3. Can carry material horizontally or inclined
4. Lighter in weight then other conveyors
5. Controlled discharge of material

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Conveying Equipment : Screw Conveyor
1. Used for handling granular or pulverized material
2. Quantity of material conveyed is less compared to the belt conveyor, at
same time cost is also less.
3. Can inclined maximum upto 35’
4. Length of conveyor is 65m

Conveying Equipment : Bucket Conveyor
1. Has bucket in shape of V which are open at top
2. Length is limited upto 25m due to weight of the conveyor and strength of
the chains.
3. Generally used for coal handling

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Aggregate Production Equipment
1. Crushers are generally used to reduce size of the large stone or rock to
smaller uniform sized aggregates required for concrete mix.
1. Jaw Crusher : primary crusher, operates by allowing stone to flow into the
space between two jaws one of which stationary and other is movable.
2. Gyratory Crusher : hardened steel plates. Lead has long conical shape, with
trough shaft suspended in bearing at the top and an eccentric base connection
connected to gears.
3. Cone Crusher : are capable of producing large quantities of uniformly fine
crushed stone. It has shorter cone with smaller inlet and outlet openings.
4. Roll Crusher : consists of heavy cast iron frame equipped with two counter
rotating rollers mounted on separate horizontal shaft.

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Factors affecting selection of Construction
Equipment
1. Use of equipment available with the organization
2. Suitability for job condition with special references to climatic and
operating conditions
3. Uniformity of type
4. Size of equipment
5. Use of standard equipment
6. Country of origin
7. Unit cost of production
8. Availability of spare parts and selection of manufacturers
9. Suitability of local labour for operation

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Equipment Management Checklist
1. Mechanize selectively for economy of production, quality and speed of
construction
2. Choose between buying, hiring and leasing
3. Choose size and number of equipment including standby
4. Select the prime mover –petrol/diesel/electric
5. check suitability for local conditions
6. Decide on mobile or stationary equipment
7. Arrange finance for purchase
8. Examine the warranties while purchasing
9. Commission equipment within warranty period
10. Freeze productivity norms and ensure same
11. Use only trained personal for operation
12. Insist on regular preventative maintenance
13. Ensure that standby power is available
14. Insist on safety measures

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Management Information Systems in
Construction Industry
• Date : it can be defined as group of non-random symbols which represent
things that have happened. Data of facts that are obtained by observation or
research and which are recorded frequently are called as Raw data or Basic
data
• Information : the concept of information in an organizational sense is
more complex and difficult than frequent use of this common word would
suggest. Information is data that have been interpreted and understood by
the recipient of the message.
• Communication : information is transmitted by the process of
communication. Communication involves the interchange of thoughts or
opinion by word, letters or by similar means.

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Management Information Systems in
Construction Industry
• An Organization is an institute which promotes mechanism of
interpersonal relations and activates collaboration many resources available
such as, Monetary, technical, marketing and business.

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Requirement of MIS
• To provide an organized and efficient means of measuring, collection,
verifying and qualifying data, reflecting the progress and status of operations
on the project with respect to progress, cost, resources and quantity
• To provide a standard against which progress and cost can be compared
• To provide an organized, accurate and effectiveness means of converting the
data from the operation into information. The information systems should be
realistic should be realistic and should recognize
– Means of processing the information
– Skills available
– Value of information compared with the cost of obtaining
– Report the correct and necessary information
– Identify and isolate critical information
– To deliver the information

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Payment of Wages Act 1982
1. This act was introduced to regulate the payment of wages, imposition of
fines, etc
2. The term Wages includes all remuneration including all allowances,
bonus, notice pay, etc but doesn’t include house rent, water and electricity
charges, travel allowance, medical allowance, pension, gratuity etc
3. Accordingly to Act, wages are to be paid promptly on a monthly basis and
if any person is terminated from service, his wages should be settled
within two days of the termination.
4. This Act is applicable to employees having a salary less then Rs. 1600 pm

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Minimum Wages Act 1986
1. This act prevents the exploitation of the unorganized labour in the
construction industry by the employers.
2. Accordingly to this Act, provision is made for the statuary fixation of
minimum rate of wages in the establishment.
3. Wages to construction workers in India is paid either in time rate basis or
piece rate basis
4. In the time rate basis, suitable rate of payment is fixed per unit of time that
the worker is engaged for the work
5. Accordingly to this Act, different minimum rates can be fixed depending
on the class of work, type of personal employed and depending on the
location of work.

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Indian Contract Act 1872
• In this Act the following words and expressions are used in the following
senses, unless a contrary intention appears from the context:-
– When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to
abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of
that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal
– When the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent
thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when
accepted, becomes a promise
– The person making the proposal is called the" promisor and the person
accepting the proposal is called the It promise"
– When, at the desire of the promisor, the promise or any other person
has clone or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing, or
promises to do or to abstain from doing, something, such Act or
abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise

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Workmen Compensation Act
1. In case of death: 40% of the monthly wage of the deceased workman,
multiplied by the relevant factor or Rs. 20,000; whichever is more.
2. In case of total permanent disablement: 50% of the monthly wage, multiplied
by the relevant factor: or Rs. 24,000; whichever is more.
3. In case of partial permanent disablement: The compensation is a percentage of
that payable in the case of total permanent disablement. The earning capacity is
determined by a qualified medical practitioners.
4. In case of (total or partial) temporary disablement" A sum equal to 25% of the
monthly wages of the workman shall be paid half-monthly.
• The minimum rate of compensation is proposed to be raised from 50,000 to Rs.
80,000 for death and from Rs. 60,000 to Rs. 90,000 in case of permanent/total
disablement. State Government appoints Commissioners to investigate and
solve every case for workmen's compensation. The appointed Commissioner's
tribunal has some of the powers of a civil court. An appeal against any order of
the Commissioner can be filed in the High Court. This must be done within 60
days of the order or decision of the Commissioner.

Agrawal

Preparation for the Construction Interview
1. Personal characteristics : such as physical appearance, health, sense of
humor, Self confidence, cultural level, alertness, manners, general working
habits.
2. Technical Competency : information about the exams passed, grades
obtained, awards and honors and extra- curricular activities.
3. To find the initiative, common sense and general smartness
4. Ability to inspire confidence by sustained effort without super-vision ,
level making ability, originality and initiative.
5. Capacity to work in team-by knowing about his family, community
interests and his type of friends.
6. Potential for growth-long range aspirations of the applicant – whether he is
a drifter or one who would exploit every possible chance to develop his
potential to the maximum.
7. Having Details of construction done in nearby area he is leaving.

Agrawal

Form work removing periods
• Walls, columns and vertical sides of beams
– 24 to 48 hours may be decided by Engineer-in-charge
• Slabs (Prop left under ) 3 day
• Beam soffit (Prop left under ) 7 days
• Removing of props to slabs
– Spanning less then 4.5m = 7 days
– Spanning over 4.5m = 14 days
• Removing of props to beams and arches
– Spanning less then 6m = 14 days
– Spanning over 6m = 21 days

Agrawal

Agrawal

Cm be civil

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