A fine example of phonon transfer is found in Newton's cradle. The details are also delineated, giving a satisfactory answer to the questions of classical mechanics.

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NEWTON’S CRADLE
CM [015] The Motion of Phonons in

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Newton’s Cradle
The transfer of phonons is
best demonstrated by the
setup named after Sir Isaac
Newton - the Newton’s
cradle.
It is available in toy shops
and stores associated with
geographic and science
societies.
It contains several steel
balls hanged on delicate
wires or threads so that
they can swing and hit each
other straight.

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One ball strike
In Newton's cradle five-ball system, one ball is pulled away and is left to fall; it strikes
the first ball in the series and comes to nearly a dead stop. The momentum of the
first ball disappears and reappears as the momentum of the last ball as it rises into
the air.

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Starting the motion

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1st Ball drops to hit the 2nd ball

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Phonons pass through the chain

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Phonons lift up the last ball

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The last ball drops back

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The last ball starts the process again in the reversed way

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The Passage of the Phonons

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PASSAGE OF PHONON FROM ONE BOUND
PARTICLE TO ANOTHER
The Mechanism of the

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Free Particles
The is the scenario of one
moving particle hitting another
one which is at rest in free
space.
The classical picture is like that
of a particle moving and hitting
a stationary one.
The phonon picture is slightly
different in having a phonon
mounted on the moving particle.
Classical picture. One particle
moving toward another
Phonon picture. One compound
moving towards another.
A B
A B

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Sequences
1) Particle A moves close to
particle B.
1) Particle B takes over phonon
from particle A.
2) Particle B moves & oscillates;
particle A being left
motionless.

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Bound particles in crystal lattice structure
In demonstrating the passage of photon from one particle to the other in matter, we
use the simplest crystal lattice structure wherein the core particles are arranged in a
perfectly orderly manner. Let’s begin with a group of particle elements space evenly
in a single line, and let us assume that in the beginning, they don’t move at all. They
interact with each other like there are springs between them.

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Passage of phonons in
Crystal Structures
The phonon drives the element
closer to the next one and so is
able to pass onto it. This goes on
repeatedly until it reaches the
last one.
1-D crystal structure
Phonon causes ion to vibrate and move closer to the
next one.
Phonon passes over to the next one and repeats the
process again.

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THE PHONON
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