Cloud computing Report

A
Training Report on
‘CLOUD DEPLOYMENT’
Submitted
in partial fulfillment
for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in Department of Computer Science & Engineering
GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIKANER
(RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA)
SESSION 2016-17
Submitted to: Submitted By:
Department of Computer Science Virendra Singh Ruhela
Engineering College Bikaner 13EEBCS087

GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIKANER
SESSION 2016-17
CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. A training Report
entitled “Cloud Deployment”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering and submitted to the
Department of Computer Science & Engineering of Govt. Engineering College Bikaner,
Bikaner is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from May 2016
to July 2016 (7th Semester).
The matter presented in this Training Report has not been submitted by me for the
award of any other degree elsewhere.
Signature of Student
Virendra Singh Ruhela (13EEBCS087)
This is to certify that the above statement made by the student(s) is correct to the best of
my knowledge.
Signature of Supervisor
Date: Name & Designation
Head
Computer Science & Engineering Department

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The training report on “CLOUD DEPLOYMENT” is outcome of guidance, moral support
and devotion bestowed on me throughout my work. For this I acknowledge and express my
profound sense of gratitude and thanks to everybody who have been a source of inspiration
during the training preparation.
I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. ________, HOD-Dept.
of Computer Science Engineering, Govt. Engineering College Bikaner, India for his
generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.
I am extremely thankful to ________, Principal, Govt. Engineering College Bikaner, for
providing me infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have
been possible.
Signature of Student
Virendra Singh Ruhela (13EEBCS087)

ABSTRACT
Computers have become an indispensable part of life. We need computers
everywhere, be it for work, research or in any such field. As the use of computers in our
day-to-day life increases, the computing resources that we need also go up. For companies
like Google and Microsoft, harnessing the resources as and when they need it is not a
problem. But when it comes to smaller enterprises, affordability becomes a huge factor.
With the huge infrastructure come problems like machines failure, hard drive crashes,
software bugs, etc. This might be a big headache for such a community. Cloud
Computing offers a solution to this situation.
Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in which computing is moved away from
personal computers and even the individual enterprise application server to a ‘cloud’ of
computers. A cloud is a virtualized server pool which can provide the different computing
resources of their clients. Users of this system need only be concerned with the computing
service being asked for. The underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden from the
user. The data and the services provided reside in massively scalable data centers and can
be ubiquitously accessed from any connected device all over the world.
Cloud computing is the style of computing where massively scaled IT related
capabilities are provided as a service across the internet to multiple external customers and
are billed by consumption. Many cloud computing providers have popped up and there is
a considerable growth in the usage of this service. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM and
Amazon have started providing cloud computing services. Amazon is the pioneer in this
field. Smaller companies like SmugMug, which is an online photo hosting site, has used
cloud services for the storing all the data and doing some of its services.
Cloud Computing is finding use in various areas like web hosting, parallel batch
processing, graphics rendering, financial modeling, web crawling, genomics analysis, etc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Acknowledgement........................................................................................i
Abstract.......................................................................................................ii
List of Figures............................................................................................iii
Chapter-1: Introduction………………………………………………..1
Chapter-2: Cloud Computing- The Concept………………………….2
2.1 Comparison ……………………………………..…..3
2.2 Implementation ………………………..……………3
2.3 Characteristics …………………………...………….3
2.4 Economics ……………………………………...…...3
2.5 Companies …………………………………….....….4
Chapter-3: History ..……………………………………………………5
Chapter-4: Need for Cloud Computing ………………………………6
Chapter-5: Key Characteristics ……………………………………….8
Chapter-6: Components ……………………………………………….9
6.1 Application .………………………………………..10
6.2 Client ……………………………………………....10
6.3 Infrastructure ……………………………………....10
6.4 Platform ……………………………………………10
6.5 Services …………………………………………....11
6.6 Storage ……………………………………………..11
Chapter-7: Architecture ………………………………………………12
Chapter-8: Cloud Implementation types …………………………….13
8.1 Public Cloud ……………………………………….13
8.2 Private Cloud ……………………………………....13
8.3 Hybrid Cloud ……………………………………....13

Chapter-9: Roles ………………………………………………………14
9.1 Provider …………………………………………..14
9.2 User ………………………………………………14
9.3 Vendor ……………………………………………14
Chapter-10: Standards ………………………………………………..15
Chapter-11: Advantages ………………………………………………16
Chapter-12; Disadvantages …………………………………………...18
Conclusion ..……………………………………………………………19
References ……………………………………………………………...20

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Name of Figure Page
Figure 1 Cloud Computing Overview …………………………………. 2
Figure 2 Cloud Computing Economics ……………………………….. 4
Figure 3 Cloud Components ………………………………………………. 9
Figure 4 Cloud Computing Architecture ……………………………. 12
Figure 5 Cloud Computing types ………………………………………. 13

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Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION
Imagine yourself in the world where the users of the computer of today’s internet world
don’t have to run, install or store their application or data on their own computers, imagine
the world where every piece of your information or data would reside on the Cloud
(Internet).
As a metaphor for the Internet, "the cloud" is a familiar cliché, but when combined
with "computing", the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts and vendors define
cloud computing narrowly as an updated version of utility computing: basically virtual
servers available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything you consume
outside the firewall is "in the cloud", including conventional outsourcing.
Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what we always need:
a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new
infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing
encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the
Internet, extends ICT's existing capabilities.
Cloud computing is at an early stage, with a motley crew of providers large and small
delivering a slew of cloud-based services, from full-blown applications to storage services
to spam filtering. Yes, utility-style infrastructure providers are part of the mix, but so are
SaaS (software as a service) providers such as Salesforce.com. Today, for the most part, IT
must plug into cloud-based services individually, but cloud computing aggregators and
integrators are already emerging.
What is cloud computing exactly? As a beginning here is a definition
“An emerging computer paradigm where data and services
reside in massively scalable data centers in the cloud and
can be accessed from any connected devices over the
internet”
Like other definitions of topics like these, an understanding of the term cloud
computing requires an understanding of various other terms which are closely related to
this. While there is a lack of precise scientific definitions for many of these terms, general
definitions can be given.
Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in the computer industry where the
computing is moved to a cloud of computers. It has become one of the buzz words of the
industry. The core concept of cloud computing is, quite simply, that the vast computing
resources that we need will reside somewhere out there in the cloud of computers and we’ll
connect to them and use them as and when needed.

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Chapter-2
CLOUD COMPUTING – THE CONCEPT
Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer
technology ("computing"). It is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and
often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not
have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the
cloud" that supports them.
The concept incorporates infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS)
and software as a service (SaaS) as well as Web 2.0 and other recent technology trends
which have the common theme of reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing
needs of the users. Examples of SaaS vendors include Salesforce.com and Google Apps
which provide common business applications online that are accessed from a web
browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.
The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is
depicted in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex
infrastructure it conceals.
Figure 1 (Cloud Computing Overview)

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2.1 Comparison:
Cloud computing is often confused with grid computing ("a form of distributed
computing whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked,
loosely-coupled computers, acting in concert to perform very large tasks"), utility
computing (the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a
metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity") and autonomic
computing ("computer systems capable of self-management").
Indeed many cloud computing deployments as of 2009 depend on grids, have autonomic
characteristics and bill like utilities — but cloud computing can be seen as a natural next
step from the grid-utility model. Some successful cloud architectures have little or no
centralized infrastructure or billing systems whatsoever, including peer-to-peer networks
like Bit Torrent and Skype and volunteer computing like
2.2 Implementation:
The majority of cloud computing infrastructure as of 2009 consists of reliable services
delivered through data centers and built on servers with different levels of virtualization
technologies. The services are accessible anywhere that has access to networking
infrastructure. The Cloud appears as a single point of access for all the computing needs
of consumers. Commercial offerings need to meet the quality of service requirements of
customers and typically offer service level agreements. Open standards are critical to the
growth of cloud computing and open source software has provided the foundation for
many cloud computing implementations.
2.3 Characteristics:
As customers generally do not own the infrastructure, they merely access or rent, they can
avoid capital expenditure and consume resources as a service, paying instead for what
they use. Many cloud-computing offerings have adopted the utility computing model,
which is analogous to how traditional utilities like electricity are consumed, while others
are billed on a subscription basis. Sharing "perishable and intangible" computing power
among multiple tenants can improve utilization rates, as servers are not left idle, which
can reduce costs significantly while increasing the speed of application development. A
side effect of this approach is that "computer capacity rises dramatically" as customers do
not have to engineer for peak loads. Adoption has been enabled by "increased high-speed
bandwidth" which makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized
infrastructure at other sites.
2.4 Economics:
Cloud computing users can avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software and
services, rather paying a provider only for what they use. Consumption is billed on a
utility (e.g. resources consumed, like electricity) or subscription (e.g. time based, like a

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newspaper) basis with little or no upfront cost. Other benefits of this time sharing style
approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management
overhead and immediate access to a broad range of applications. Users can generally
terminate the contract at any time (thereby avoiding return on investment risk and
uncertainty) and the services are often covered by service level agreements with financial
penalties.
According to Nicholas Carr the strategic importance of information technology is
diminishing as it becomes standardized and cheaper. He argues that the cloud computing
paradigm shift is similar to the displacement of electricity generators by electricity grids
early in the 20th century.
Figure 2 (Cloud Computing Economics)
2.5 Companies:
Providers including Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Sun and Yahoo exemplify the use of
cloud computing. It is being adopted by individual users through large enterprises
including General Electric, L'Oréal, and Procter & Gamble.

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Chapter-3
HISTORY
The Cloud is a term with a long history in telephony, which has in the past decade, been
adopted as a metaphor for internet based services, with a common depiction in network
diagrams as a cloud outline.
The underlying concept dates back to 1960 when John McCarthy opined that
"computation may someday be organized as a public utility"; indeed it shares
characteristics with service bureaus which date back to the 1960s. The term cloud had
already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. By
the turn of the 21st century, the term "cloud computing" had started to appear, although
most of the focus at this time was on Software as a service (SaaS).
In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and his fellows.
They applied many technologies of consumer web sites like Google and Yahoo! to
business applications. They also provided the concept of "On demand" and "SaaS" with
their real business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is being customizable by
customer alone or with a small amount of help. Flexibility and speed for application
development have been drastically welcomed and accepted by business users.
IBM extended these concepts in 2001, as detailed in the Autonomic Computing
Manifesto -- which described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring,
self-healing, self-configuring, and self-optimizing in the management of complex IT
systems with heterogeneous storage, servers, applications, networks, security
mechanisms, and other system elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.
Amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing
their data centers after the dot-com bubble and, having found that the new cloud
architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements, providing access to
their systems by way of Amazon Web Services in 2005 on a utility computing basis.
2007 saw increased activity, with Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarking
on a large scale cloud computing research project, around the time the term started
gaining popularity in the mainstream press. It was a hot topic by mid-2008 and numerous
cloud computing events had been scheduled.
In August 2008, Gartner Research observed that "organizations are switching from
company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" and that
the "projected shift to cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in
some areas and in significant reductions in other areas."

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Chapter-4
NEED FOR CLOUD COMPUTING
What could we do with 1000 times more data and CPU power? One simple
question. That’s all it took the interviewers to bewilder the confident job applicants at
Google. This is a question of relevance because the amount of data that an application
handles is increasing day by day and so is the CPU power that one can harness.
There are many answers to this question. With this much CPU power, we
could scale our businesses to 1000 times more users. Right now we are gathering statistics
about every user using an application. With such CPU power at hand, we could monitor
every single user click and every user interaction such that we can gather all the statistics
about the user. We could improve the recommendation systems of users. We could model
better price plan choices. With this CPU power we could simulate the case where we have
say 1,00,000 users in the system without any glitches.
There are lots of other things we could do with so much CPU power and data
capabilities. But what is keeping us back. One of the reasons is the large scale
architecture which comes with these are difficult to manage. There may be many different
problems with the architecture we have to support. The machines may start failing, the hard
drives may crash, the network may go down and many other such hardware problems. The
hardware has to be designed such that the architecture is reliable and scalable. This large
scale architecture has a very expensive upfront and has high maintenance costs. It requires
different resources like machines, power, cooling, etc. The system also cannot scale as and
when needed and so is not easily reconfigurable.
The resources are also constrained by the resources. As the applications
become large, they become I/O bound. The hard drive access speed becomes a
limiting factor. Though the raw CPU power available may not be a factor, the amount of
RAM available clearly becomes a factor. This is also limited in this context. If at all the
hardware problems are managed very well, there arises the software problems. There may
be bugs in the software using this much of data. The workload also demands two important
tasks for two completely different people. The software has to be such that it is bug free
and has good data processing algorithms to manage all the data.
The cloud computing works on the cloud - so there are large groups of often
low-cost servers with specialized connections to spread the data-processing chores among
them. Since there are a lot of low-cost servers connected together, there are large pools of
resources available. So these offer almost unlimited computing resources. This makes the
availability of resources a lesser issue.

7
The data of the application can also be stored in the cloud. Storage of data in
the cloud has many distinct advantages over other storages. One thing is that data is spread
evenly through the cloud in such a way that there are multiple copies of the data and there
are ways by which failure can be detected and the data can be rebalanced on the fly. The
I/O operations become simpler in the cloud such that browsing and searching for something
in 25GB or more of data becomes simpler in the cloud, which is nearly impossible to do on
a desktop.
The cloud computing applications also provide automatic reconfiguration of
the resources based on the service level agreements. When we are using applications out of
the cloud, to scale the application with respect to the load is a mundane task because the
resources have to be gathered and then provided to the users. If the load on the application
is such that it is present only for a small amount of time as compared to the time its working
out of the load, but occurs frequently, then scaling of the resources becomes tedious. But
when the application is in the cloud, the load can be managed by spreading it to other
available nodes by making a copy of the application on to them. This can be reverted once
the load goes down. It can be done as and when needed. All these are done automatically
such that the resources maintain and manage themselves.

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Chapter-5
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
 Cost is greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational
expenditure. This lowers barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by
a third-party and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive
computing tasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-
based options and minimal or no IT skills are required for implementation.
 Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web
browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC, mobile.
As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via
the Internet the users can connect from anywhere.
 Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users,
allowing for:
o Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real
estate, electricity, etc.)
o Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible
load-levels)
o Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10-
20% utilized.
 Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes it
suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, most major
cloud computing services have suffered outages and IT and business managers are
able to do little when they are affected.
 Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained,
self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads.
Performance is monitored and consistent and loosely-coupled architectures are
constructed using web services as the system interface.
 Security typically improves due to centralization of data, increased security-focused
resources, etc., but raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data.
Security is often as good as or better than traditional systems, in part because
providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many
customers cannot afford. Providers typically log accesses, but accessing the audit
logs themselves can be difficult or impossible.

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Chapter-6
COMPONENTS
Cloud computing Components
Applications Facebook · Google Apps · SalesForce · Microsoft Online
Client
Browser(Chrome) · Firefox · Cloud · Mobile (Android · iPhone) · Netbook
(EeePC · MSI Wind) · Nettop (CherryPal · Zonbu)
Infrastructure BitTorrent · EC2 · GoGrid · Sun Grid · 3tera
Platforms App Engine · Azure · Mosso · SalesForce
Services Alexa · FPS · MTurk · SQS
Storage S3 · SimpleDB · SQL Services
Standards Ajax · Atom · HTML 5 · REST
Figure 3 (Cloud Components)

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6.1 Application
A cloud application leverages the Cloud in software architecture, often eliminating the
need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus
alleviating the burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support. For
example:
 Peer-to-peer / volunteer computing (Bittorrent, BOINC Projects, Skype)
 Web application (Facebook)
 Software as a service (Google Apps, SAP and Salesforce)
 Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)
6.2 Client
A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on
cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of
cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it. For example:
 Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile)
 Thin client (CherryPal, Zonbu, gOS-based systems)
 Thick client / Web browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox)
6.3 Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure, such as Infrastructure as a service, is the delivery of computer
infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service. For example:
 Full virtualization (GoGrid, Skytap)
 Management (RightScale)
 Compute (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud)
 Platform (Force.com)
6.4 Platform
A cloud platform, such as Platform as a service, the delivery of a computing platform,
and/or solution stack as a service, facilitates deployment of applications without the cost
and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. For
example:
 Web application frameworks
o Python Django (Google App Engine)
o Ruby on Rails (Heroku)
o .NET (Azure Services Platform)

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 Web hosting (Mosso)
 Proprietary (Force.com)
6.5 Service
A cloud service includes "products, services and solutions that are delivered and consumed
in real-time over the Internet". For example, Web Services ("software system[s] designed
to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network") which may be
accessed by other cloud computing components, software, e.g., Software plus service, or
end users directly. Specific examples include:
 Identity (OAuth, OpenID)
 Integration (Amazon Simple Queue Service)
 Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, Google Checkout, PayPal)
 Mapping (Google Maps, Yahoo! Maps)
 Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)
 Others (Amazon Mechanical Turk)
6.6 Storage
Cloud storage involves the delivery of data storage as a service, including database-like
services, often billed on a utility computing basis, e.g., per gigabyte per month. For
example:
 Database (Amazon SimpleDB, Google App Engine's BigTable datastore)
 Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix CloudNAS)
 Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push functions)
 Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN)

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Chapter-7
ARCHITECTURE
Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the
delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud
architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud
components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces,
usually web services.
This closely resembles the UNIX philosophy of having multiple programs doing one thing
well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the
resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts.
Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers and/or software applications
access cloud applications.
Cloud storage architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are centralized
enabling the data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data to
applications or user.
FIGURE – 4 (Cloud Computing Architecture)

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Chapter-8
CLOUD IMPLEMENTATION TYPES
8.1 Public cloud
Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream
sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis
over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider
who shares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis.
8.2 Private cloud
Private cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to
describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These products claim
to "deliver some benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls", capitalizing on data
security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns.
While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of
corporate IT, there is some uncertainty whether they are a reality even within the same firm.
Analysts also claim that within five years a "huge percentage" of small and medium
enterprises will get most of their computing resources from external cloud computing
providers as they "will not have economies of scale to make it worth staying in the IT
business" or be able to afford private clouds.
8.3 Hybrid cloud
A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers "will
be typical for most enterprises".
Figure - 5 (Cloud Computing type)

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Chapter-9
ROLES
9.1 Provider
A cloud computing provider or cloud computing service provider owns and operates live
cloud computing systems to deliver service to third parties. The barrier to entry is also
significantly higher with capital expenditure required and billing and management creates
some overhead. Nonetheless, significant operational efficiency and agility advantages can
be realized, even by small organizations, and server consolidation and virtualization
rollouts are already well underway. Amazon.com was the first such provider, modernizing
its data centers which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10% of its
capacity at any one time just to leave room for occasional spikes. This allowed small, fast-
moving groups to add new features faster and easier, and they went on to open it up to
outsiders as Amazon Web Services in 2002 on a utility computing basis.
9.2 User
A user is a consumer of cloud computing. The privacy of users in cloud computing has
become of increasing concern. The rights of users are also an issue, which is being
addressed via a community effort to create a bill of rights.
9.3 Vendor
A vendor sells products and services that facilitate the delivery, adoption and use of cloud
computing. For example:
 Computer hardware (Dell, HP, IBM, Sun Microsystems)
o Storage (Sun Microsystems, EMC, IBM)
o Infrastructure (Cisco Systems)
 Computer software (3tera, Hadoop, IBM, RightScale)
o Operating systems (Solaris, AIX, Linux including Red Hat)
o Platform virtualization (Citrix, Microsoft, VMware, Sun xVM, IBM)

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Chapter-10
STANDARDS
Cloud standards, a number of existing, typically lightweight, open standards, have
facilitated the growth of cloud computing, including:
 Application
o Communications (HTTP, XMPP)
o Security (OAuth, OpenID, SSL/TLS)
o Syndication (Atom)
 Client
o Browsers (AJAX)
o Offline (HTML 5)
 Implementations
o Virtualization (OVF)
 Platform
o Solution stacks (LAMP)
 Service
o Data (XML, JSON)
o Web Services (REST)
 Storage
o Database(Amazon Simple DB, Google App Engine BigTable Datastore)
o Network attached storage (MobileMe iDisk, Nirvanix CloudNAS)
o Synchronization (Live Mesh Live Desktop component, MobileMe push
functions)
o Web service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, Nirvanix SDN)

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Chapter-11
ADVANTAGES
• Lower computer costs:
– You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud
computing's web-based applications.
– Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your desktop PC
does not need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by
traditional desktop software.
– When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less expensive,
with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor...
– In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD drive, as
no software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be
saved.
• Improved performance:
– With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you will see
better performance from your PC.
– Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because they
have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory.
• Reduced software costs:
– Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get most of
what you need for free-ish!
• most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs
suite.
– better than paying for similar commercial software
• which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.
• Instant software updates:
– Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with
choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
– When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
• available the next time you log into the cloud.
– When you access a web-based application, you get the latest
version
• without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.
• Improved document format compatibility:

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– You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine
being compatible with other users' applications or OSes
– There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is sharing
documents and applications in the cloud.
• Unlimited storage capacity:
– Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.
– Your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to the
hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.
• Increased data reliability:
– Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all
your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the
storage of your data.
• if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in
the cloud, still accessible
– In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a
regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform!
• Universal document access:
– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your
documents with you.
– Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever you have
a computer and an Internet connection
– Documents are instantly available from wherever you are
• Latest version availability:
– When you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when
you access the document at work.
– The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents
• Easier group collaboration:
– Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud computing
• multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
• Device independence:
– You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
– Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you through the
cloud.

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Chapter-12
DISADVANTAGES
• Requires a constant Internet connection:
– Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet.
– Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and
documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access
anything, even your own documents.
– A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet
connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.
• Does not work well with low-speed connections:
– Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with dial-up
services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible.
– Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download, as do large
documents.
• Features might be limited:
– This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based applications
simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based applications.
• Can be slow:
– Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be
slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC.
– Everything about the program, from the interface to the current document,
has to be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the
cloud.
– If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if the Internet
is having a slow day, you would not get the instantaneous access you might
expect from desktop applications.
• Stored data might not be secure:
– With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.
• The questions is How secure is the cloud?
– Can unauthorised users gain access to your confidential data?
• Stored data can be lost:
– Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across multiple
machines.
– But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have no physical or
local backup.

19
CONCLUSION
Cloud Computing is a vast topic and the above report does not give a high level introduction
to it. It is certainly not possible in the limited space of a report to do justice to these
technologies. What is in store for this technology in the near future? Well, Cloud
Computing is leading the industry’s endeavor to bank on this revolutionary technology.
Cloud Computing Brings Possibilities……..
 Increases business responsiveness
 Accelerates creation of new services via rapid prototyping capabilities
 Reduces acquisition complexity via service oriented approach
 Uses IT resources efficiently via sharing and higher system utilization
 Reduces energy consumption
 Handles new and emerging workloads
 Scales to extreme workloads quickly and easily
 Simplifies IT management
 Platform for collaboration and innovation
 Cultivates skills for next generation workforce
Today, with such cloud-based interconnection seldom in evidence, cloud computing might
be more accurately described as "sky computing," with many isolated clouds of services
which IT customers must plug into individually. On the other hand, as virtualization and
SOA permeate the enterprise, the idea of loosely coupled services running on an agile,
scalable infrastructure should eventually make every enterprise a node in the cloud. It's a
long-running trend with a far-out horizon. But among big metatrends, cloud computing is
the hardest one to argue with in the long term.
Cloud Computing is a technology which took the software and business world by storm.
The much deserved hype over it will continue for years to come.

20
REFERENCES
[1]. www.wikipedia.com
[2]. www.infoworld.com/article/08/04/07/15FE-cloud-computing-reality_1.html
[3]. www.wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/CloudComputing:Bill_of_Rights
[4]. www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatforms--Chappell. PDF
[5]. www.amazon.com
[6]. www.thinkgos.com/cloud/index.html
[7]. www.openstack.com
[8]. www.google.com
[9]. Chip Computer Magazine, December 2008 - Feb 2009 Edition
[10]. www.lwindia.com

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