This document discusses cloud computing including its architecture, key facts, risks, applications and future. It defines cloud computing as dynamically scalable and virtualized resources provided over the Internet. The document outlines the layers of cloud computing including software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). It also discusses the benefits of cloud computing like flexibility, scalability and cost savings but notes security risks remain a challenge. The future of cloud computing is predicted to include more hybrid public-private models and growth in developing regions.

1. Bijit Ghosh
Heritage Institute Of Technology.
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering

2.  Introduction
 Architecture & Layers
 Key Facts
 Risk and Security
 Applications
 Future

3. =

4. Cloud
Demand resources or services over Internet scale and reliability of
data center.

5.  Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically
scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a serve
over the Internet.
 Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over
the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them.

6. Grid Computing: A form of distributed computing. Cluster of loosely
coupled, networked computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks.
Utility Computing: Packaging of computing resources such
as computing power, storage, also a metered services.

7.  Share Computers and data
 Evolved to harness inexpensive computers in Data center to solve variety of problems
 Harness power of loosely coupled computers to solve a technical or mathematical problem
 Used in commercial applications for drug discovery, economic forecasting, seismic analysis
and back-office
 Small to big
• Can be confined to a corporation
• Large public collaboration across many companies and networks
 Most grid solutions are built on
• Computer Agents
• Resource Manager
• Scheduler
 Compute grids
• Batch up jobs
• Submit the job to the scheduler, specifying requirements and SLA(specs) required for
running the job
• Scheduler matches specs with available resources and schedules the job to be run
• Farms could be as large as 10K cpus
 Most financial firms has grids like this
 Grids lack automation, agility, simplicity and SLA guarantees

8.  Computing resources (CPU hour, memory, network) and
platform to run software are provided as on demand
service
• Think electricity service
 The same evolution happened
• Hardware as a service (HaaS), Infrastructure as a service
(IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Examples of UC providers: Amazon EC2, Google
AppEngine …
 Who will use UC? Is UC the end of high-end PC?
• People who otherwise has to build their own data center: SaaS
providers, analytics & batch processing

10.  Evolved over a period of time
 Roots traced back to Application Service Providers
in the 1990’s
 Parallels to SaaS
 Evolved from Utility computing and is a broader
concept

12. Write a file -> Save -> Computer down
File is lost
Files are always stored in cloud, never lost.

13.  Empowerment
 Agility
 API
 Cost
 Device and location dependence
 Virtualization
 Multi-Tenancy
 On demand

15. Services on demand
Resources on demand
Physical assets as services

16. Cloud Computing in three levels
 Application in the cloud
• This is what almost everyone has already used in the
form of Gmail , Yahoo mail, wordpress.com, etc.
 Platform in the cloud
• Developers write their application to a more or less
open specification and then upload their code into the
cloud where the app is run magically somewhere.

17.  Infrastructure in the cloud
• Developers and system administrators obtain general
compute, storage, queuing, and other resources and
run their applications with the fewest limitations.
• This is the post powerful type of cloud in that virtually
any application and any configuration.

18.  Application Services(services on demand)
• Gmail, GoogleCalender
• Payroll, HR, CRM etc.
• Sugarm CRM, IBM Lotus Live
 Platform Services (resources on demand)
• Middleware, Intergation, Messaging,
Information, connectivity etc
• AWS, IBM Virtual images, Boomi, CastIron,
Google Appengine
 Infrastructure as services(physical assets as services)
• IBM Blue house, VMware, Amazon EC2,
• Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun Para scale and more

20.  Client:
A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or software that relies
on cloud computing for application delivery. Ex., PC, NB, mobile phones.
 Application:
Cloud application service or "Software as a Service (SaaS)"
delivers software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to
install and run the application on the customer's own computers and
simplifying maintenance and support.
 Platform:
Platform as a Service (Papas) delivers a computing
platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud
infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.

21.  Infrastructure:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
delivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform
virtualization environment as a service.
 Server:
The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer
software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of
cloud services, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific
operating systems and combined offerings.

22.  The illusion of infinite computing resources
 The elimination of an up-front commitment by users
 The ability to use and pay on demand

23.  Introduction
 Architecture & Layers
 Key Facts
 Risk and Security
 Applications
 Future

24. Anytime
Key Spirit of Cloud
Anywhere
Everything as a
Service
With any Devices
Accessing services
Cloud Computing=~ Network Computing

25. Cloud Computing=~ Network Computing

26. Software as a service
Platform as a service
Infrastructure as a service

27. What is “as a service”?
 Low barriers to entry
• making them available to small businesses.
 Large scalability
 Multi tenancy
• allows resources to be shared by many users.
 Device independence
• which allows users to access the systems on
different hardware

28. Cloud Computing Services
 Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
• Amazon EC2
• Go Grid
 Platform as a Service(PaaS)
• Right Scale
 Software as a Service(SaaS)
• Salesforce.com
• Sales force for Google Apps

30.  IaaS is sometimes also called Hardware as a Service
(HaaS).
 Just offers the hardware for customers to rent
• Server space
• Network equipment
• Memory
• CPU cycles
• Storage space

31.  IaaS involves several pieces:
• Service level agreements
• Computer hardware
• Network
• Internet connectivity
• Platform virtualization environment
• Utility computing billing

32.  PaaS
• Supplies all the resources required to build applications and services
completely from the Internet
• Without having to download or install software

33.  PaaS services include
• Application design
• Development
• Testing
• Deployment
• Hosting
 PaaS is normally based on
• HTML
• JavaScript
 to help the creation of user interfaces

34.  Software as a Service
• An application is hosted as a service
• The customer does not have to maintain it or support off-site
software

35.  Some of SaaS applications include
• Customer resource management (CRM)
• Video conferencing
• IT service management
• Accounting
• Web analytics
• Web content management
 Benefits of SaaS
• Familiarity with the World Wide Web .
• Smaller staff IT
• Better marketing
• Web reliability
• Security

36. Public Cloud + Private Cloud = Hybrid Cloud

37.  Open for use by general public
• Exist beyond firewall, fully hosted and managed
by the vendor
• Individuals, corporations and others
• Amazon's Web Services and Google appEngine
are examples
 Offers startups and SMB’s quick setup,
scalability, flexibility and automated
management. Pay as you go model helps
startups to start small and go big

38.  Within the boundaries(firewall) of the organization
 All advantages of public cloud with one major difference
• Reduce operation costs
• Has to be managed by the enterprise
 Fine grained control over resources
 More secure as they are internal to organization
 Schedule and reshuffle resources based on business demands
 Ideal for apps related to tight security and regulatory concerns
 Development requires hardware investments and in-house
expertise
 Cost could be prohibitive and cost might exceed public clouds

39. A Hybrid cloud is a composition of at least one Private Cloud and
at least one Public Cloud. A hybrid cloud is typically offered in one
of two ways:
 A vendor has a private cloud and forms a partnership
with a public cloud provider.
 A public cloud provider forms a partnership with a
vendor that provides private cloud platforms.

40.  Attacks targeting share-tenancy Environment
 VM-based Malware
 Launch Pad for brute force and other attacks
 Data availability (Business Continuity)

42. Claims Based Authentication
 A trusted authority issues a signed
security token containing a set of
claims which is given to the application
for validation.
 The application will authenticate the
user if the security token is valid and
signed by a trusted issuer.

43.  Introduction
 Architecture & Layers
 Key Facts
 Risk and Security
 Applications
 Future

45. Top 10 Cloud Computing Service Providers of 2011
NetSuite
3Tera Joyent
IBM Microsoft
Salesforce.com
Rackspace
VMware Google
Amazon

46. Zenith InfoTech
Cloud Type: IaaS
Reliance Data Center
Mumbai
Cloud Type: SaaS + PaaS + IaaS
Synapse India Wipro Technologies
Cloud Type: IaaS +
on Demand SaaS
Cloud Type: SaaS
Bengaluru
Chennai
TCS
Cloud Type: SaaS + IaaS
Infosys Technologies Orange Scape
Cloud Type: SaaS Cloud Type: PaaS

47.  Bare Operating System
 Web or Portal Infrastructure
 Application
 Web Services
 Database Services
 Customizable Application Services

48. Bare Operating System- RackspaceCloud.com
 Formerly Mosso, a division of Rackspace
 Provides various Linux distributions
 Also supports “Sites”
• Web server, both Linux and Windows
• O/S managed by hosting Service

50. Web or Portal Infrastructure- Microsoft
 SharePoint online
 Rich Portal capabilities
• Excel Services
• Forms Services
• Visio Services
• Access Services
• Business Data Services
• Search Services

52. Applications- Google Apps.
 Prebuilt, fully functional applications
• Mail
• Calendar
• Word Processing
• Dynamic Web pages

54. Web Services- Amazon
 Amazon EC2 and S3
• EC2-Elastic Compute Cloud
• S3-Simple Storage Services
 Resizable Compute Capability
• Auto Scaling- Allocate Resources Based on
Definable Conditions
 Development Environments
• IBM sMASH
• Jboss Enterprise Application Platform
• Ruby on Rails

56. Database - Zoho’s CloudSQL
 Cloud based relational database

58. Customizable Application Services – force.com

60. Google Android
 Google APIs add-on
• extends your Android SDK to give your applications access to
Google libraries such as Maps.
 Android Cloud to Device Messaging
• a service that allows you to send lightweight messages from
your application server to an Android application on a device.

61.  Adobe AIR
• a cross-operating system runtime
• lets developers combine HTML, Ajax, Adobe Flash®, and Adobe
Flex® technologies to deploy rich Internet applications (RIAs) on
the desktop
 Apple iPhone SDK
• includes a complete set of development tools for creating
applications for iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch.
 Microsoft Online

62.  Companies began switching from hardware to cloud services
because they were attracted to benefits like a reduction in
capital costs as well as an easing in IT staffing issues.
 According to projections by Century Link, by 2015, the world
will see a four-fold increase in the amount of data being
created and replicated. And once all of that data comes into
being, you need a way to store it all securely and allow end-
users to access it efficiently.

63.  Lauren C. State 1 of d cloud blogger:
• Cloud computing will allow everybody to be a service provider.
• Employees will be able to use any device to access, transact and
manage their work.
• There will be a security breach in 2012 that will force organizations to
rethink how they secure their data and applications.
• A new class of real time, personalized service providers will emerge.
• In Africa, the convergence of social, mobile and cloud will emerge as
critical tools for governments to deliver services and drive economic
growth.

64. The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:
 It enables services to be used without any understanding of their
infrastructure.
 Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
• It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as they
would no longer need to buy their own software or servers.
• Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
• Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing
revenue stream.
 Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from
“anywhere”.

65. In parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:
 Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could
possibly limit flexibility and innovation:
 The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google
and IBM, who may monopolise the market.
 Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of
mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.
 There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing
access to data.

66.  Security could prove to be a big issue:
• It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these
services ownership of data is not always clear.
 There are also issues relating to policy and access:
• If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to?
• What happens if the remote server goes down?
• How will you then access files?

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