1) Cloud computing allows on-demand access to configurable computing resources like servers and networks that can be provisioned with minimal management effort. However, some see it as proprietary systems that increase costs over time. 2) Cloud computing provides scalable resources over the internet as a service, but concerns include reliability, availability, security, and lack of customization. 3) Fog computing extends cloud computing to the edge of networks by performing storage and processing near data sources like IoT devices to enable low latency applications. It provides scalable services across geographically distributed devices.

1. Cloud Computing
Fundamentals and Applications
Dr Emiliano Reynares
ereynares@frsf.utn.edu.ar

2. “cloud computing was simply
a trap aimed at forcing more
people to buy into locked,
proprietary systems that
would cost them more and
more over time.”
Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software
Foundation and creator of the computer operating
system GNU (2008)

3. “we've redefined cloud
computing to include everything
that we already do. I can't think
of anything that isn't cloud
computing […]. The computer
industry is the only industry that
is more fashion-driven than
women's fashion. Maybe I'm an
idiot, but I have no idea what
anyone is talking about. What is
it? It's complete gibberish. It's
insane. When is this idiocy
going to stop? [...] I don't
understand what we would do
differently in the light of cloud.”
Farber, Dan. Oracle’s CEO (2008)

4. Source: Wikipedia (English version)

5. A model for enabling:
1) ubiquitous
2) convenient, and
3) on-demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be
rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort
Cloud Computing (NIST, 2011)
Source: NIST Definition of Cloud Computing (2011). NIST Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations (2012)

6. Source: Wikipedia (English version)

7. 1 of 5. On demand self-service
Cloud Computing
5 essential characteristics

8. 2 of 5. Broad network access
Cloud Computing
5 essential characteristics

9. 3 of 5. Resource pooling
Cloud Computing
5 essential characteristics

10. 4 of 5. Rapid elasticity
Cloud Computing
5 essential characteristics

11. 5 of 5. Measured service
Cloud Computing
5 essential characteristics

12. A collection of hardware and software that enables the
five essential characteristics of cloud computing
What’s cloud infrastructure?

13. 1 of 3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
Cloud Computing
3 service models

14. 2 of 3. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Cloud Computing
3 service models

15. 3 of 3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Cloud Computing
3 service models

16. 1 of 4. Private Cloud
Cloud Computing
4 deployment models

17. 2 of 4. Community Cloud
Cloud Computing
4 deployment models

18. 3 of 4. Public Cloud
Cloud Computing
4 deployment models

19. 4 of 4. Hybrid Cloud
Cloud Computing
4 deployment models

20. cloud consumer or customer
A person or organization that is a customer of a cloud
client
A machine or software application that accesses a cloud over a
network connection
cloud provider or provider
An organization that provides cloud services
To clarify...

21. A technology that allows to create multiple simulated
environments or dedicated resources from a single
physical hardware system
Virtualization

22. Fundamental technology that powers cloud computing
Virtualization

23. 1 of 3. Network Virtualization
Virtualization
Used for 3 purposes

24. 2 of 3. Storage Virtualization
Virtualization
Used for 3 purposes

25. 3 of 3. Server Virtualization
Virtualization
Used for 3 purposes

26. Main difference is that a true cloud provides self-service
capability, elasticity, automated management, scalability and
pay-as you go service that is not inherent in virtualization.
Cloud Computing versus
Virtualization

27. The use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a
common goal.
The grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-
interactive workloads that involve a large number of files.
Grid Computing

28. Each node set to perform a different task/application.
Grid computers tend to be heterogeneous and geographically
dispersed.
Grids are often constructed with general-purpose grid middleware
software libraries.
Grid Computing

29. Source: https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/

30. Two original goals:
1. to do useful scientific work by supporting an observational
analysis to detect intelligent life outside Earth
2. to prove the viability and practicality of the "volunteer
computing" concept
SETI@home
A grid computing initiative

31. A service provisioning model in which a service provider makes
computing resources and infrastructure management available to the
customer as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather than
a flat rate
Utility Computing

32. 1. Reliability
Probability that a system will produce correct outputs up to some
given time.
Cloud Computing “cons”

33. 2. Availability of services and data
Probability that a system is operational at a given time, i.e. the
amount of time a device is actually operating as the percentage of
total time it should be operating.
Cloud Computing “cons”

34. 3. Security
Protection of computer systems from theft or damage to their
hardware, software or electronic data, as well as from disruption or
misdirection of the services they provide.
Cloud Computing “cons”

35. 4. Complexity
Cloud Computing “cons”

36. 5. Costs
Cloud Computing “cons”

37. 6. Regulations and legal issues
Cloud Computing “cons”

38. 7. Performance
Amount of work accomplished by a computer system.
Cloud Computing “cons”

39. 8. Migration
Involves moving software code or data from one platform to another,
minimizing reengineering.
Cloud Computing “cons”

40. 9. Reversion
Drop of one or more recent changes in favor of a return to a previous
version of the material at hand.
Cloud Computing “cons”

41. 10. The lack of standards
Cloud Computing “cons”

42. 11. Limited customization
Cloud Computing “cons”

43. 12. Privacy
Relationship between the collection and dissemination of data,
technology, and the public expectation of privacy, legal and political
issues surrounding them
Cloud Computing “cons”

44. A layered model for enabling ubiquitous access to a shared
continuum of scalable computing resources
Fog Computing

45. Source: NIST Fog Computing Conceptual Model. (https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.500-325)

46. Core component of the fog computing architecture.
Either physical components or virtual components, tightly coupled
with the smart end devices or access networks, and provide
computing resources to these devices.
Fog Node

47. 1 of 6. Contextual location awareness, and low
latency
Fog Computing
6 essential characteristics

48. 2 of 6. Geographical distribution
Fog Computing
6 essential characteristics

49. 3 of 6. Heterogeneity
Fog Computing
6 essential characteristics

50. 4 of 6. Interoperability and federation
Fog Computing
6 essential characteristics

51. 5 of 6. Real-time interactions
Fog Computing
6 essential characteristics

52. 6 of 6. Scalability and agility of federated, fog-node
clusters
Fog Computing
6 essential characteristics

53. 1 of 3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
Fog Node
3 service models

54. 2 of 3. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Fog Node
3 service models

55. 3 of 3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Fog Node
3 service models

56. 1 of 4. Private fog node
Fog Node
4 deployment models

57. 2 of 4. Community fog node
Fog Node
4 deployment models

58. 3 of 4. Public fog node
Fog Node
4 deployment models

59. 4 of 4. Hybrid fog node
Fog Node
4 deployment models

60. Lightweight fog nodes
Mist Computing

61. Network layer encompassing the end devices and their users,
to provide, for example, local computing capability on a sensor,
metering or some other devices that are network-accessible.
It is also often referred to as IoT network.
Edge Computing

62. Fog computing runs applications in a multi-layer architecture that
decouples and meshes the hardware and software functions, allowing for
dynamic reconfigurations for different applications while performing
intelligent computing and transmission services.
Fog Computing versus
Edge Computing

63. Fog computing is hierarchical
In addition to computation and networking, fog computing also
addresses storage, control and data-processing acceleration.
Fog Computing versus
Edge Computing

64. Edge computing runs specific applications in a fixed logic location
and provides a direct transmission service.
Edge computing tends to be limited to a small number of peripheral
devices
Fog Computing versus
Edge Computing