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The document discusses the climate and monsoon patterns of India. It describes the jet streams that flow over India at 27-30 degrees north latitude and influence the regional climate. The monsoon winds are dominant, with seasonal reversals that were first observed by sailors and traders. The monsoon is influenced by several key factors, including differential heating of land and water, the shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, high pressure east of Madagascar, and heating of the Tibetan Plateau. Climate refers to average weather conditions over a long period of time, while weather describes atmospheric conditions at a point in time.
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Climate
This document discusses the climate and weather patterns of India, specifically the Indian monsoon system. It explains that India's climate is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon winds which reverse direction annually. The monsoon is caused by differential heating of land and water masses and the shifting position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Key factors that influence the monsoon include the Tibetan plateau heating intensely, the westerly jet stream moving north of the Himalayas, and a high pressure area off the coast of Madagascar. The document also defines climate as long-term weather patterns over large areas while weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place.
Ocean movements
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The document provides information about ocean currents, including:
1) The global conveyor belt involves cold, salty water sinking in the North Atlantic and circulating in a deep ocean current around the world before rising again in other ocean basins and looping back to the North Atlantic.
2) Ocean currents can be classified based on depth as surface currents in the top 400m or deep water currents that circulate deeper due to density variations.
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Ocean currents are large-scale circulation patterns in the ocean driven by factors like winds, solar heating, and water density differences from temperature and salinity changes. Major current systems include subtropical gyres in each ocean basin characterized by warm equatorial currents, western boundary currents, and eastern return flows. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is a continuous current that circles Antarctica. Thermohaline circulation involves deep water formation and global overturning. Surface currents redistribute heat globally while deep currents transport nutrients and oxygen. Currents influence climate, marine life distributions, and biogeochemical cycles.
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1. Ocean currents are large streams of moving water that flow through the oceans and are influenced by various factors like winds, the Coriolis effect, temperature and salinity differences.
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3. Ocean currents play an important role in global climate by transporting heat from the equator to the poles.
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This document discusses the climate and weather patterns of India, specifically the Indian monsoon system. It explains that India's climate is strongly influenced by seasonal monsoon winds which reverse direction annually. The monsoon is caused by differential heating of land and water masses and the shifting position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Key factors that influence the monsoon include the Tibetan plateau heating intensely, the westerly jet stream moving north of the Himalayas, and a high pressure area off the coast of Madagascar. The document also defines climate as long-term weather patterns over large areas while weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place.
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1) The global conveyor belt involves cold, salty water sinking in the North Atlantic and circulating in a deep ocean current around the world before rising again in other ocean basins and looping back to the North Atlantic.
2) Ocean currents can be classified based on depth as surface currents in the top 400m or deep water currents that circulate deeper due to density variations.
3) El Niño involves unusually warm waters in the eastern Pacific affecting global weather, while La Niña has below-average temperatures in that region with opposite weather impacts.
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This document provides an overview of ocean currents. It begins with introductions and objectives, describing how the document will explain ocean currents, their properties, causes, and global distribution. It then discusses various methods of measuring ocean currents and defines units like knots. The document proceeds to explain different types of currents like wind-driven currents and thermohaline circulation, as well as phenomena like gyres and tidal currents. Major currents around the world are also introduced.
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The document discusses evidence for the Coriolis effect and the Earth's rotation. It explains that the Coriolis effect causes objects moving over the Earth's surface, like winds or projectiles, to be deflected from a straight path. This deflection is to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. It provides an example of a hockey puck launched from the North Pole appearing to deflect to the west as viewed by an observer on the rotating Earth. Additionally, it discusses hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms, including their formation and impacts.
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Ocean currents are large-scale circulation patterns in the ocean driven by factors like winds, solar heating, and water density differences from temperature and salinity changes. Major current systems include subtropical gyres in each ocean basin characterized by warm equatorial currents, western boundary currents, and eastern return flows. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is a continuous current that circles Antarctica. Thermohaline circulation involves deep water formation and global overturning. Surface currents redistribute heat globally while deep currents transport nutrients and oxygen. Currents influence climate, marine life distributions, and biogeochemical cycles.
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1. Ocean currents are large streams of moving water that flow through the oceans and are influenced by various factors like winds, the Coriolis effect, temperature and salinity differences.
2. Major ocean currents include the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift in the Atlantic Ocean, the North and South Pacific currents in the Pacific Ocean, and seasonal monsoon-driven currents in the northern Indian Ocean.
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Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface.
Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land.
Seawater:
High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure.
Why is Ocean Circulation Important?
•Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions.
•The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity
•ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another.
•in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms
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The document summarizes ocean currents. It discusses that surface currents are driven by prevailing winds in predictable patterns, though the motion of water continues due to inertia even without wind. It describes the major ocean gyres like the counterclockwise rotating gyre in the Indian Ocean formed by currents like the South Equatorial Current. It also discusses the Arctic Ocean's large clockwise gyre displaced toward the Canadian Basin and water flowing out of the Arctic into the North Atlantic. Eddies are discussed as currents sometimes closing in on themselves. Global circulation patterns have changed over time in response to shifting continents and climate.
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Chapter 3 Notes
The document discusses different types of motion in the ocean including currents, waves, winds, and tides. It explains that ocean currents are driven by differences in water temperature and density, and move heat from the equator to poles. Winds generate waves and also drive surface ocean currents via the Coriolis effect, which causes deflections to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun combined with the motion of the Earth, producing regular changes in sea level.
Ocean currents ppt cscope
Ocean currents are influenced by factors like the sun, wind, Coriolis effect, and gravity. Warm currents generally flow away from the equator while cold currents flow toward it. The sun heats water in the tropics, making it less dense and causing it to rise and flow poleward. Wind pushes surface water and the Coriolis effect causes it to curve, forming giant circular gyres in ocean basins. Examples are the Gulf Stream, which brings warmer water to northwest Europe. Upwelling occurs when offshore winds pull surface waters, causing deeper cold water to rise.
Atmospheric forces and winds-Climatology Chapter
Atmospheric forces cause global wind patterns. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface drives atmospheric circulation in three cells - the Hadley cell brings warm air to the subtropics, the Ferrel cell moves air poleward, and polar easterlies circulate around the poles. Local winds include sea and land breezes near coasts, monsoon winds over Asia, and downslope winds like Chinooks and Santa Anas. Jet streams and global pressure patterns influence precipitation and ocean currents, while phenomena like El Niño alter weather worldwide.
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The Indian Ocean Dipole is a climate pattern characterized by a difference in sea surface temperatures between the western and eastern poles of the Indian Ocean. During a positive dipole event, sea surface temperatures are warmer than average in the western pole and cooler than average in the eastern pole. This difference is driven by ocean-atmosphere interactions involving winds, thermocline depth, and heat fluxes. The Indian Ocean Dipole affects rainfall in surrounding regions like eastern Africa, Indonesia, and Australia. While sometimes related to El Niño events in the Pacific, the dipole can also occur independently and intensify the impacts of El Niño on regional climate.
Movements of ocean water
There are three main types of ocean water movements: waves, tides, and ocean currents. Waves are caused by wind moving over the water surface and move water horizontally towards and away from coasts. Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, occurring once or twice per day. Ocean currents constantly flow in definite paths and directions, and can be warm or cold currents depending on the temperature of the region they originate from.
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Surface currents in the oceans are caused by wind blowing over the water and the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect causes wind-driven surface waters to curve clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere, forming massive circular gyre systems in the major ocean basins. These wind patterns and the Coriolis effect result in western boundary currents along the western edges of oceans that are stronger than the eastern boundary currents along eastern edges due to increased Coriolis effect at higher latitudes, such as the Gulf Stream current.
Tides and Currents
Tides are the rising and falling of ocean water caused by gravitational forces from the Moon and Sun. They occur in cycles called tidal stages including flood tide, high tide, ebb tide, and low tide. Tides can be semidiurnal, with two high and two low tides per day, or diurnal with one cycle per day. Ocean currents are directed flows of ocean water driven by forces like the Earth's rotation, wind, temperature/salinity differences, and lunar gravity. They transport heat and influence continental climates.
Movement of Ocean Water
Surface currents are driven mainly by wind and move large amounts of water across oceans, influencing global climate. Deep currents form due to differences in water density from temperature and salinity and are not wind-driven. Major surface currents like the Gulf Stream distribute heat from the equator to poles, warming areas like northern Europe. El Niño is a periodic warming of tropical Pacific waters that alters weather worldwide and impacts fisheries and agriculture through changed rainfall and storms. Scientists monitor oceans to improve understanding and forecasts of El Niño events and their far-reaching climatic effects.
Natural vegetation and wildlife
I apologize, upon reviewing the document again I do not see any clear story or poem passages in Hindi to summarize. The document contains introductory text in Hindi about using Hindi in national affairs and developing the country, as well as brief biographical information about Jadav Payeng but no full stories or poems.
Soil lecture
Soil is formed through the weathering of rocks over long periods of time. The key factors that influence soil formation are parent material, climate, organisms, topography, and time. Soil is made up of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and microorganisms. It performs important functions like supporting plant growth and regulating water flow. In India, the main soil types are black, red, laterite, alluvial, desert, and marshy soils which differ based on the underlying rocks and climate of the regions. Conservation of soil through practices like tree planting, minimal tilling, and preventing erosion is important to sustain agriculture and life.
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The document summarizes key concepts about motion in the ocean including waves, tides, and currents. It describes how waves are caused by wind and other disturbances, and the characteristics of different types of waves like chop, swell, and tsunamis. It explains how tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, and details the differences between spring, neap, perigeal, and apogee tides. It also discusses the causes and effects of various surface and deep ocean currents like the Gulf Stream and how the Coriolis effect influences their direction of flow.
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The document summarizes key components of the climate system including the atmosphere, ocean, biosphere and geosphere. It describes how atmospheric and ocean circulation are driven by factors like density, wind, and temperature/salinity. Ocean circulation plays an important role in transporting heat from the equator to poles, distributing nutrients and organisms, and influencing weather, climate, and commerce. Deep ocean circulation, known as thermohaline circulation, involves near-surface water descending into deep ocean currents and transports heat globally.
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Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface.
Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land.
Seawater:
High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure.
Why is Ocean Circulation Important?
•Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions.
•The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity
•ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another.
•in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms
Ocean currents
The document summarizes the major ocean currents in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. In the Pacific Ocean, there are north and south equatorial currents, as well as the Kuroshio, California, and East Australian currents. The Atlantic Ocean features the Gulf Stream, Labrador Current, Brazil Current, and Canaries Current. Seasonal monsoon winds drive reversal of currents in the northern Indian Ocean, while the southern region has the Mozambique Current and West Australian Current.
Ocean Currents 1
Ocean currents exist to help balance the Earth's uneven heating by the Sun. The Sun deposits most of its energy at the equator, so atmospheric circulation and ocean currents transfer heat from the equator toward the poles. Winds drive 80% of this redistribution, while ocean currents account for 20%. Surface ocean currents form circular gyre patterns in ocean basins, driven by subtropical high pressure systems, and affect the locations of deserts on western continents in the Southern Hemisphere. Deep ocean currents also circulate heat but over much longer timescales of around 1,000 years.
Major Oceanic Currents of the World
The document discusses ocean currents, their causes, types, and effects. Ocean currents are large horizontal movements of ocean water caused by factors like wind, temperature differences, and the Earth's rotation. There are warm currents that flow from the equator towards the poles, and cold currents that flow from the poles towards the equator. Major warm currents include the Gulf Stream and Brazil Current, while cold currents include the Labrador and California currents. Ocean currents influence climate by modifying temperatures and rainfall patterns, and affect trade and economies through impacts on ports, fisheries, and transport of goods.
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The document summarizes ocean currents. It discusses that surface currents are driven by prevailing winds in predictable patterns, though the motion of water continues due to inertia even without wind. It describes the major ocean gyres like the counterclockwise rotating gyre in the Indian Ocean formed by currents like the South Equatorial Current. It also discusses the Arctic Ocean's large clockwise gyre displaced toward the Canadian Basin and water flowing out of the Arctic into the North Atlantic. Eddies are discussed as currents sometimes closing in on themselves. Global circulation patterns have changed over time in response to shifting continents and climate.
Cyclone
Cyclones are intense low pressure areas characterized by very strong circulating winds. They develop over warm tropical oceans and are classified as extra-tropical or tropical depending on location. Tropical cyclones bring heavy rainfall, strong winds over 100 km/h, and storm surges which can flood coastal areas. India's east coast is most vulnerable as the Bay of Bengal sees several cyclones each year. Early warning systems and evacuation plans are needed to minimize loss of life and property when cyclones make landfall. Proper construction and site selection above flood levels can strengthen buildings to withstand cyclone winds and rains.
Cyclone
Cyclones are areas of closed, circular winds rotating in the same direction as the Earth. They form as low pressure systems through various processes at different scales. The main types of cyclones are tropical cyclones, which form due to latent heat from thunderstorms, and extratropical cyclones, which form along weather fronts and later become cold core systems. Cyclogenesis refers to the development or strengthening of cyclonic circulation, while cyclolysis is the opposite process. Cyclones exist on other planets like Jupiter and Neptune as well.
Chapter 3 Notes
The document discusses different types of motion in the ocean including currents, waves, winds, and tides. It explains that ocean currents are driven by differences in water temperature and density, and move heat from the equator to poles. Winds generate waves and also drive surface ocean currents via the Coriolis effect, which causes deflections to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun combined with the motion of the Earth, producing regular changes in sea level.
Ocean currents ppt cscope
Ocean currents are influenced by factors like the sun, wind, Coriolis effect, and gravity. Warm currents generally flow away from the equator while cold currents flow toward it. The sun heats water in the tropics, making it less dense and causing it to rise and flow poleward. Wind pushes surface water and the Coriolis effect causes it to curve, forming giant circular gyres in ocean basins. Examples are the Gulf Stream, which brings warmer water to northwest Europe. Upwelling occurs when offshore winds pull surface waters, causing deeper cold water to rise.
Atmospheric forces and winds-Climatology Chapter
Atmospheric forces cause global wind patterns. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface drives atmospheric circulation in three cells - the Hadley cell brings warm air to the subtropics, the Ferrel cell moves air poleward, and polar easterlies circulate around the poles. Local winds include sea and land breezes near coasts, monsoon winds over Asia, and downslope winds like Chinooks and Santa Anas. Jet streams and global pressure patterns influence precipitation and ocean currents, while phenomena like El Niño alter weather worldwide.
Introducton to Indian Ocean Dipole
The Indian Ocean Dipole is a climate pattern characterized by a difference in sea surface temperatures between the western and eastern poles of the Indian Ocean. During a positive dipole event, sea surface temperatures are warmer than average in the western pole and cooler than average in the eastern pole. This difference is driven by ocean-atmosphere interactions involving winds, thermocline depth, and heat fluxes. The Indian Ocean Dipole affects rainfall in surrounding regions like eastern Africa, Indonesia, and Australia. While sometimes related to El Niño events in the Pacific, the dipole can also occur independently and intensify the impacts of El Niño on regional climate.
Movements of ocean water
There are three main types of ocean water movements: waves, tides, and ocean currents. Waves are caused by wind moving over the water surface and move water horizontally towards and away from coasts. Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, occurring once or twice per day. Ocean currents constantly flow in definite paths and directions, and can be warm or cold currents depending on the temperature of the region they originate from.
Surface currents
Surface currents in the oceans are caused by wind blowing over the water and the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect causes wind-driven surface waters to curve clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere, forming massive circular gyre systems in the major ocean basins. These wind patterns and the Coriolis effect result in western boundary currents along the western edges of oceans that are stronger than the eastern boundary currents along eastern edges due to increased Coriolis effect at higher latitudes, such as the Gulf Stream current.
Tides and Currents
Tides are the rising and falling of ocean water caused by gravitational forces from the Moon and Sun. They occur in cycles called tidal stages including flood tide, high tide, ebb tide, and low tide. Tides can be semidiurnal, with two high and two low tides per day, or diurnal with one cycle per day. Ocean currents are directed flows of ocean water driven by forces like the Earth's rotation, wind, temperature/salinity differences, and lunar gravity. They transport heat and influence continental climates.
Movement of Ocean Water
Surface currents are driven mainly by wind and move large amounts of water across oceans, influencing global climate. Deep currents form due to differences in water density from temperature and salinity and are not wind-driven. Major surface currents like the Gulf Stream distribute heat from the equator to poles, warming areas like northern Europe. El Niño is a periodic warming of tropical Pacific waters that alters weather worldwide and impacts fisheries and agriculture through changed rainfall and storms. Scientists monitor oceans to improve understanding and forecasts of El Niño events and their far-reaching climatic effects.
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I apologize, upon reviewing the document again I do not see any clear story or poem passages in Hindi to summarize. The document contains introductory text in Hindi about using Hindi in national affairs and developing the country, as well as brief biographical information about Jadav Payeng but no full stories or poems.
Soil lecture
Soil is formed through the weathering of rocks over long periods of time. The key factors that influence soil formation are parent material, climate, organisms, topography, and time. Soil is made up of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and microorganisms. It performs important functions like supporting plant growth and regulating water flow. In India, the main soil types are black, red, laterite, alluvial, desert, and marshy soils which differ based on the underlying rocks and climate of the regions. Conservation of soil through practices like tree planting, minimal tilling, and preventing erosion is important to sustain agriculture and life.
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Six main types of soil are found in India: alluvial, black, red, laterite, mountain, and desert soils. Alluvial soils are most common, found along river basins and coastal plains, and are very fertile. Black soils develop in the Deccan lava tract and are rich in nutrients but lack phosphorus and nitrogen. Red soils are found in the south and east and give crops good yields with irrigation. Laterite soils form in wet, leached conditions in southern areas. Mountain soils vary by altitude in the Himalayas. Desert soils in Rajasthan are sandy, salty, and deficient in organic matter. The shear strength of soil is important for foundation, slope, and earth retaining
4.2 Weathering And Soil Formation
Soil is formed through the weathering of rock and organic processes. It is composed of weathered rock particles, water, air, and organic matter. The type of soil that forms depends on the underlying rock type, climate, landforms, plant life, and soil organisms. Soil develops in horizontal layers called horizons, with the A horizon at the top containing more organic matter and the C horizon at the bottom containing larger rock particles. Climate, landforms, and the activities of organisms like plants, microbes, earthworms, and animals influence the characteristics of different soils.
2 Soil Formation 1
Soil is formed through the weathering of parent material like rocks. The type of parent material, climate, organisms, topography, and time affect soil formation. Mancos shale, a sticky clay deposited in an ancient sea, is the most common parent material in western Colorado. Over time, erosion from rivers has transported silt and enriched the soils formed from Mancos shale.
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Vegetation represents the cleaning health of plant life and the amount of ground soil provided by plants and animals . Vegetation has no particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extend, or any other specific botanical or good characteristics. It is broader than flora which refer exclusive to species the composition. Perhaps the closest synonym is plant community, but vegetation can, and often does, refer to a wider range of spatial scales than that term does, including scales as large as the global. Primeval redwood forests, coastal mangrove stands, sphagnum bogs, desert soil crusts, roadside weed patches, wheat fields, cultivated gardens and lawns; all are encompassed by the term vegetation.
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It contains types of forests, causes of deforestation, and steps taken by the government to save wildlife.
Forests of India
This document provides information on the different types of forests found in India. It discusses 6 main types of forests - tropical evergreen forests, deciduous monsoon forests, tropical grasslands, mangrove forests, desert forests, and alpine forests of the Himalayas. Each forest type is described in terms of location, climate, and dominant plant species. The document also discusses the importance of forests, methods of forest conservation, wildlife found in India, and protected areas like wild sanctuaries and national parks that help conserve forests and wildlife.
Different types of soil
This document describes the different types of soil found in India, including alluvial, black, red, laterite, mountain, and desert soils. It provides details on the composition, location, and major crops grown in each soil type. The alluvial soil covers 40% of India and supports half the population. Black soil is found in Maharashtra and Gujarat and is suitable for cotton. Red soil occupies 10% of India and is suited to crops like rice, wheat, and pulses. Laterite soil forms under high rainfall and is located in southern India. Mountain soil contains humus and is found on hill slopes. Desert soil has high sand content and low rainfall, and is located in western India.
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Soil is a mixture of weathered rock and decayed organic matter that forms over long periods of time. Soil formation involves the weathering of bedrock, growth of mosses and vegetation, and decay of organisms which adds humus and nutrients to the soil layers. Soil is made up of distinct layers called horizons, with the topsoil near the surface containing the most plant roots and organic material. The type of soil that forms depends on various environmental factors like climate, vegetation, parent material, topography, and time.
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This document discusses factors that influence India's climate such as latitude, altitude, pressure and wind systems, ocean currents, distance from the sea, and relief features. It explains key climate concepts like weather, climate, the Coriolis force, jet streams, and the intertropical convergence zone. The climate of India is affected by its location in the northern hemisphere, the Himalayan mountain range, seasonal reversal of wind patterns, and monsoon winds that originate from the southern Indian Ocean.
Climate of india
This document summarizes the climate of India, focusing on the tropical monsoon climate and seasonal variations. It discusses key factors like the Indian monsoon winds which are influenced by differential heating/cooling of land and sea and the movement of pressure systems. India experiences a hot summer season from March to May with high temperatures, a rainy season from June to September brought by the southwest monsoons, and a mild winter season from November to February in the north with variable winds and occasional rainfall. The climate varies significantly by region due to factors like latitude, altitude, proximity to oceans, and monsoon patterns.
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The document provides an overview of atmospheric circulation patterns and surface wind systems. It discusses three categories of atmospheric motion: primary, secondary, and tertiary circulation. Primary circulation includes the planetary wind system of trade winds, westerlies, and easterlies. The earth's surface wind system consists of four patterns - doldrums, trade wind belts, prevailing westerlies, and polar easterlies. Doldrums are located around the equator in low pressure. Trade winds originate from subtropical high pressure zones. Prevailing westerlies are located between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. Polar easterlies move out of polar high pressure towards subpolar low pressure.
Climate of india
This document provides an overview of India's climate and weather patterns. It discusses that India experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by seasonal reversal of winds. The key factors influencing India's climate are discussed as latitude, altitude, pressure systems, distance from the sea, ocean currents and relief features. The seasonal patterns of winter, summer and monsoon seasons are described along with climate variations across different regions of India and mechanisms driving the monsoon system.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECT ABOUT WHAT
Climate refers to weather conditions over a large area for a long period of time, typically more than 30 years. It is influenced by several factors, including location, distance from the sea, altitude, mountain ranges, wind direction, and upper air currents. India's climate is affected by its location near the equator, proximity to seas on three sides, the Himalayas which block cold winds but provide rainfall, and seasonal monsoon winds and jet streams. The monsoon is caused by hot air over northern India rising in the summer, creating a low pressure system that draws in moisture-laden winds from the southwest.
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The document discusses factors that influence India's climate such as latitude, altitude, pressure systems, distance from the sea, ocean currents and relief features. It notes how temperature and precipitation vary significantly across India due to these factors. The monsoon winds and seasonal pattern also impact climate, with the southwest monsoon from June to September bringing most of India's annual rainfall. Regional variations in climate have led to diversity in ways of life across the country.
Climate, geography class 9,cbse
India has a diverse climate due to its large size and varied topography. Several factors influence India's climate including latitude, altitude, pressure systems, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and relief features. The country experiences distinct seasonal patterns driven by the monsoon winds and weather systems. The monsoon arrives in June and brings heavy rainfall to most parts of the country until September, while winter from December to February is generally dry except in some coastal areas. Regional variations in temperature and precipitation exist across India.
Climate
Climate is defined as the long-term weather patterns of a particular region, averaged over a period of 30 years. It is influenced by several factors including solar radiation, latitude, elevation, wind, ocean currents, and the amount of precipitation an area receives. Together these factors help determine the temperature and moisture levels of different parts of the world, which then influence the types of climates and ecosystems that exist in each region. As climate change causes rising global temperatures, many species are experiencing shifts in their natural ranges and changes to the timing of seasonal life cycles in order to adapt to the altering environmental conditions.
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Air can flow when there are differences in temperature and pressure conditions. It helps study variations in the atmosphere. Large masses of air with uniform temperature and humidity properties are called air masses. They start flowing from source regions and help study cyclones and anticyclones. The contact line between different air masses is called a front, which can be a warm front when warm air moves over cold air, or a cold front when cold air moves over warm air. Cyclones are areas of low pressure surrounded by high pressure, while anticyclones are areas of high pressure surrounded by low pressure. Tropical cyclones are circular over seas in summer, while extra-tropical or temperate cyclones are V-shaped over land
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Thermal, dynamic, and jet stream theories have been proposed to explain the complex Indian monsoon phenomenon. The thermal theory proposed in 1686 attributed monsoons to differential land-sea heating. Later research found this theory inadequate. The jet stream theory gained support, noting the subtropical westerly jet shifts north in summer due to Tibetan Plateau heating, pulling the monsoon onto India. El Nino and Southern Oscillation also impact monsoon rainfall amounts over India.
climate.pptx
Class IX - Climate
This lesson throws light upon the details of lesson climate, of CBSE board.
This ppt can be used to revise the lesson in a better manner.
it has details on coriolis force, ferrel's law, monsoon winds
Climate
The document provides information about climate and the Indian monsoon system. It discusses key topics like:
1. The definition of climate as the average weather conditions over 30+ years, compared to weather which is conditions at a point in time.
2. India's monsoon climate is influenced by factors like differential heating/cooling of land/sea, the shifting ITCZ, pressure systems, and ocean currents.
3. The monsoon winds typically arrive in June and withdraw in September-October, bringing heavy rainfall to parts of India during this rainy season.
Climate
The document provides information about India's climate and monsoon system. It discusses several key points:
1) India's climate is dominated by the monsoon system which brings seasonal reversal of winds and heavy rainfall from June to September.
2) Major factors influencing India's climate include latitude, altitude, pressure systems and winds, distance from the sea, and ocean currents.
3) The monsoon is caused by differential heating of land and sea which creates low pressure over India and high pressure over the oceans, drawing in the moisture-laden southwest winds during summer.
4) India experiences distinct seasonal patterns with a hot summer season, rainy monsoon season, and cooler winter season with some regional variations.
Climate
The document provides information about India's climate and monsoon system. It discusses several key points:
1) India's climate is dominated by the monsoon system which brings seasonal reversal of winds and heavy rainfall from June to September.
2) Major factors influencing India's climate include latitude, altitude, pressure systems and winds, distance from the sea, and ocean currents.
3) The monsoon is caused by differential heating of land and sea which creates low pressure over India and high pressure over the oceans, drawing in the moisture-laden southwest winds during summer.
4) India experiences distinct seasonal patterns with a hot summer season, rainy monsoon season, and cooler winter season with some regional variations.
Circulation
The document summarizes global atmospheric circulation patterns. It describes the different scales of wind including macroscale, synoptic, mesoscale, and microscale winds. It discusses land and sea breezes as examples of mesoscale winds. The best simple model of global circulation is a three-celled circulation model in each hemisphere. This model includes the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the polar cell. The document also describes global pressure patterns and features such as the horse latitudes, trade winds, and doldrums.
Climate
India's climate is influenced by several geographic factors, including latitude, altitude, proximity to the sea, and the Himalayan mountain range. The country experiences a monsoon regime characterized by seasonal reversal of winds. During the summer months, the monsoon winds bring heavy rainfall to much of the country as the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone migrates north over India. Key features include the monsoon arriving first in Kerala in early June and dividing into an Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branch, bringing abundant rainfall in an irregular, pulsating pattern across regions.
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Hazards which originate above the surface of the earth (in the atmosphere) are called exogenous hazards.
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A, an, and the are called articles that are used with nouns. A and an are used with singular countable nouns when first mentioned to indicate one is being referred to. The is used when the listener or reader would know which specific noun is being talked about. The is generally not used with plural nouns when referring to an entire class, but may be used to indicate a specific group.
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An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a celestial body held in place by gravity. It is retained longer if gravity is high and temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of gases, with only an outer layer considered the atmosphere. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particles or biological materials into the atmosphere that are harmful to living things or damage the environment. Sources include vehicles, industry, volcanoes and wildfires. Air pollution has negative health effects like respiratory and cardiac issues and environmental effects like global warming and ozone depletion. Solutions include using cleaner fuels, improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions.
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Climate
- 1. CLIMATE MOHIT SAINI IX-E 20
- 3. Pressure and Winds • Pressure and surface winds. • Upper air circulation. • Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones.
- 5. What is jet stream? Ans. The upper air circulation in this region is dominated by a westerly flow. An important component of this flow is the jet stream. These jet stream are located approximately over 27-30 degree north latitude, therefore, they are known as sub tropical westerly jet stream.
- 7. THE INDIAN MONSOON • The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon wind. • The sailors who came to India in historic times were one of the first to have noticed the phenomenon of the monsoon. • They benefited from the reversal of the wind system as they came by sailing ships at the mercy of winds. • The Arabs, who had also come to India as traders named this seasonal reversal of the wind system ‘monsoon’.
- 11. There are six major controls of the climate of any place. • Latitude • Altitude • Pressure and wind system • Distance from the sea • Ocean currents, and • Relief features.
- 13. To understand the mechanism of the monsoon , the following fact are important. • The differential heating and cooling of land and water. • The shift of position of inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). • High pressure area, east of Madagascar. • Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated. • Movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas.
- 15. CLIMATE: Refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time. WEATHER: Refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time .The element of weather and climate are the same, i.e. temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation.