Claudette Colvin
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1. Claudette Colvin was an African American teenager who refused to give up her seat to a white woman on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955, months before Rosa Parks' similar act of defiance. 2. She agreed to be a witness in the Browder v. Gayle trial that challenged bus segregation laws and helped lead to the Supreme Court ruling that deemed such laws unconstitutional. 3. Throughout her life, Claudette faced discrimination and difficulty finding work due to her role in challenging segregation as a teenager but continued advocating for civil rights.
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Claudette Colvin
1. Claudette Colvin was an African American teenager who refused to give up her seat to a white woman on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955, months before Rosa Parks' similar act of defiance.
2. She agreed to be a witness in the Browder v. Gayle trial that challenged bus segregation laws and helped lead to the Supreme Court ruling that deemed such laws unconstitutional.
3. Throughout her life, Claudette faced discrimination and difficulty finding work due to her role in challenging segregation as a teenager but continued advocating for civil rights.
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Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African American boy from Chicago who was visiting family in Mississippi in 1955. While at a local store, he was accused of whistling at a white woman, and was later kidnapped, tortured, and lynched by the woman's husband and his brother-in-law. His body was found in a river with a cotton gin fan tied around his neck. His murderers were acquitted by an all-white jury, but later admitted to the crime, sparking national outrage and helping galvanize the emerging civil rights movement.
Early humans
Hominids first appeared around 3 million years ago after dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago. Early humans like Lucy from 3 million years ago were only 4 feet tall and 50 pounds. Later human species were taller and smarter, and were among the first to use stone tools and control fire, allowing them to cook food and survive harsh climates. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon man were also early human species that inhabited Europe and used more advanced tools and techniques like fishing, clothing, and cave paintings.
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Claudette Colvin
1. Claudette Colvin was an African American teenager who refused to give up her seat to a white woman on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955, months before Rosa Parks' similar act of defiance.
2. She agreed to be a witness in the Browder v. Gayle trial that challenged bus segregation laws and helped lead to the Supreme Court ruling that deemed such laws unconstitutional.
3. Throughout her life, Claudette faced discrimination and difficulty finding work due to her role in challenging segregation as a teenager but continued advocating for civil rights.
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Details the spread of religious orders, monasteries, religious education, and the roles of nuns, monks, and friars & the effect of the the Roman Catholic Church on Europe. SC Standard 6-5.4
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Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African American boy from Chicago who was visiting family in Mississippi in 1955. While at a local store, he was accused of whistling at a white woman, and was later kidnapped, tortured, and lynched by the woman's husband and his brother-in-law. His body was found in a river with a cotton gin fan tied around his neck. His murderers were acquitted by an all-white jury, but later admitted to the crime, sparking national outrage and helping galvanize the emerging civil rights movement.
Early humans
Hominids first appeared around 3 million years ago after dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago. Early humans like Lucy from 3 million years ago were only 4 feet tall and 50 pounds. Later human species were taller and smarter, and were among the first to use stone tools and control fire, allowing them to cook food and survive harsh climates. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon man were also early human species that inhabited Europe and used more advanced tools and techniques like fishing, clothing, and cave paintings.
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El Dorado was first the name of a tribal chief in Colombia who covered himself in gold dust for a ritual. It later came to refer to a lost city of gold that fascinated explorers. Though never found, the legends originated from stories Spanish explorers heard in the 16th century of a tribe in the Andes who threw gold and jewels in a lake. Francisco Orellana and Gonzalo Pizarro searched unsuccessfully in 1541. In 1545, Lake Guatavita was found and drained, yielding gold. Sir Walter Raleigh led two unsuccessful expeditions in search of El Dorado in the late 16th/early 17th century, with his second expedition resulting in his son's death and ultimately
African Civilizations & Bantu Migration
1) African peoples developed diverse societies as they adapted to varied environments across the continent between 1500 BC to 500 AD. Some key early civilizations included Egypt, Carthage, and the kingdom of Kush.
2) The kingdom of Aksum in modern-day Ethiopia became a powerful international trading empire after adopting Christianity in the 4th century AD. It developed strong institutions and infrastructure like stone architecture and coinage.
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Kuldhara in Rajasthan was once a prosperous village established in 1291 by the Paliwal Brahmins. In 1825, all the villagers mysteriously vanished overnight after the minister of the state wanted to marry the daughter of the village chief but was refused. The village now lies in ruins with some believing it is cursed.
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Malcolm X was an intelligent African American man who was sent to live with a different family after his mother was hospitalized. In his youth, he struggled with anger and criminal behavior but became a devout Muslim in prison, where he greatly increased his knowledge and respect among other Muslims. He went on to become a prominent civil rights activist, working to end racism and spread the religion of Islam through influential speeches. However, his life was tragically cut short when he was assassinated at a meeting in Harlem.
Escape
The document provides a summary of Harry Houdini's life and acts of courage through a series of sections:
- Houdini changed his name and birthdate to pursue a career in magic, showing courage to succeed (Timeline Part 1)
- He married after only two weeks of knowing his wife and performed daring magic tricks like communicating with the dead (Timeline Part 1)
- Houdini and his wife accepted an offer to perform in New York City and later performed in Moscow despite restrictions, showing courage through major career steps and defiance of rules (Timeline Part 2)
- Houdini performed daring escapes like escaping from handcuffs after being thrown into the icy Detroit River, demonstrating extraordinary feats of bravery
Malcolm X
The document provides a timeline of key events in the life of Malcolm X, including his childhood experiences being moved between foster homes, his conversion to the Nation of Islam in prison, his split from the NOI to form his own group promoting racial equality, and his assassination in 1965 after giving a speech.
Benjamin Franklin
1) Benjamin Franklin was an American inventor, writer, and politician who lived from 1706 to 1790. He made many important contributions including inventing bifocals and the lightning rod.
2) As a young man, Franklin worked as a printer and published a newspaper. He later served as a postmaster and helped establish libraries and fire departments.
3) Franklin played a major role in the American Revolution and was a signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He spent many years in London as a diplomat to Great Britain.
Margaret Brown PowerPoint
Margaret Brown was a Titanic survivor who showed great bravery and humanitarianism. After the sinking, she comforted those who lost loved ones and organized fundraisers to help survivors. Margaret was also a determined feminist who fought for women's rights and equal treatment. She advocated for third class passengers and filed a petition with Congress regarding the lack of lifeboats on the Titanic.
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Claudette Colvin
- 1. Claudette Colvin By Elissa Moy Twice Towards Justice
- 2. Timeline of Claudette Colvin’s Courage 1. When she was a young girl, Claudette talked back to a white woman in a store. 2. Claudette helped support her classmate Jeremiah Reeves when he was in jail for his legal defense. 3. Claudette refused to give her seat up to a white woman on the bus. She got arrested and put in jail. 4. Claudette got pregnant; people thought the father was a white man. Claudette refused to tell who the father was to anybody. 5. During the bus boycott, Claudette stayed off the buses and encouraged her parents to donate their cars to support the boycott.
- 3. Timeline of Claudette Colvin’s Courage (continued) 6. Claudette agreed to be a witness in the Browder v. Gayle trial and stand up to get integrated buses. 7. Claudette, during the trial, stood up to city attorney, Walter Knabe and didn’t let herself say what he wanted her to say. 9. Claudette would try again and again to get a job after the buses got integrated even though people would recognize her and she got fired again and again. 8. Claudette, after the trial, didn’t feel ashamed that she had gotten pregnant. She didn’t care if none of the black leaders would talk to her. 10. Claudette goes back to the school that she was so ashamed to go to as a high school student to talk about her experiences in front of both black and white students.
- 4. Color Collage Red = Determined One of Claudette’s colors is red. Red is for determined, when you don’t give up. Here is the text examples from the book that shows that Claudette is determined. “I started crying, but I felt even more defiant. I kept saying over and over, “It’s my constitutional right to sit here as much as that lady! I paid my fare; it’s my constitutional right!” I knew I was talking back to a police officer, but I had had enough.”
- 5. Color Collage Yellow = Intelligent Another one of Claudette’s colors is yellow. Yellow is for intelligent, and Claudette was very smart. Here are the examples from the book that show that Claudette was intelligent. “People always said that I was smart… When it came time for me to start second grade, I could already read and write and spell and even do some arithmetic. They tested me and told me to go sit with the third graders.”
- 6. Color Collage Purple = Sensitive The third color that describes Claudette is purple. The color purple is for sensitive. Here are the examples from the text that show that Claudette is sensitive. “ Right after Delphine died (of polio), I became very sensitive. Just about any cruel word or insult could start me crying, even if it were aimed at the person besides me.”
- 7. Color Collage Blue = Persistent The last color that describes Claudette Colvin would be blue for persistent. The book quotes, “Mine was the first cry for justice, and a loud one. I made it so that our own adult leaders couldn’t just be nice anymore.”
- 8. Claudette Colvin’s Dream Room This is what Claudette Colvin’s dream room would look like. The main point in this room is the picture above the couch. The picture shows a black and a white shaking hands. This is important because that was Claudette’s dream; for blacks and whites to be equal. The white wall and the brown floor represent that blacks and whites will always be together, next to each other, or equal.
- 10. The Colvin Restaurant A bowl of spinach for brain power! Equality cookie for equal rights! A bus cake! Let’s get the buses integrated! Mixed cake! Both black and white! South-western chicken. Regular food in Alabama. Milk! Red wine Lemonade Applesauce, perfect for little babies like Claudette’s own, Raymond and Randy! Buffalo wings to make you mad!