classification of anticancer drugs-1.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•20 views
This document provides a classification of anticancer drugs into 9 main categories: 1) Alkylating agents which damage DNA like nitrogen mustards and platinum complexes. 2) Antimetabolites which are analogs of nutrients needed for cell growth such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. 3) Antibiotics including anthracyclines derived from bacteria and bleomycin which is a quinone derivative. 4) Natural and semi-synthetic plant products that inhibit microtubules and topoisomerases, including taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and camptothecins. 5) Steroidal hormones and antagonists such as tamoxifen,
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Sources of drugs
Sources of Drugs: Drugs are substances that are used or intended to be used in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of diseases. In early times, these substances were derived from natural sources, of which plants took up the major share. With the introduction of technology, most drugs today are manufactured synthetically in the laboratory. The major sources of drugs can be grouped into the following
Source of drugs
Pharmacology is the science of drugs, covering all aspects of drug knowledge. Every drug has three names: a chemical name based on its molecular structure, a nonproprietary or generic name, and one or more proprietary or brand names given by manufacturers. Drugs come from natural sources like plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as being synthesized, semi-synthesized, or produced through genetic engineering. Common plant drug sources include opium from poppies, quinine from cinchona bark, and digoxin from foxglove leaves. Animal sources include insulin from pig pancreases and heparin from leeches. Many drugs were originally derived from natural sources but are now produced synthetically or semi-
Herbal medicine intro
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
ENT-405 -FOR STUDENTS.pptx
This document provides an overview of insecticides and their application. It discusses the nomenclature, classification, and properties of insecticides. Insecticides can be classified based on their target pest, target stage, mode of entry, chemical nature, and mode of action. Common classifications include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides. In terms of chemical nature, insecticides include inorganic compounds like arsenicals and fluorides, natural organic compounds, and synthetic organic compounds like organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. The document also lists several books recommended for further reading on topics like insecticide technology, principles of insect toxicology, and pesticide application methods.
1 Introduction to pharmacology.pptx
This document provides an introduction to pharmacology for nurses. It discusses how medications can benefit patients but also harm them if administered incorrectly. It defines pharmacology as the study of drug actions and emphasizes the nurse's role in safe drug administration and understanding therapeutic and side effects. The document also categorizes drugs according to action and chemistry, explains drug nomenclature, and reviews sources of drugs including plants, animals, microorganisms, minerals, and synthesis.
Pharmacological classification of drugs
anti microbial drugs, aminoglycosides, penicilins, anti TB, anti leprotic, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, antiamoebic, wormicides, anticancer, immunosuppresant, antiseptic disinfectant, ectoparasitics, chelating agents
Introduction to Pharmacology, Source, Nomenclature& use of Herbal Drugs prect...
This document provides definitions and key concepts related to pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. It discusses the history and important figures in pharmacology. Key terms like pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, and indications are defined. The document also covers the sources of drugs including plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms and synthesis. It discusses nomenclature systems for drugs including chemical, generic and brand names. Common herbal medicines used in India are also highlighted.
Recommended
Sources of drugs
Sources of Drugs: Drugs are substances that are used or intended to be used in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of diseases. In early times, these substances were derived from natural sources, of which plants took up the major share. With the introduction of technology, most drugs today are manufactured synthetically in the laboratory. The major sources of drugs can be grouped into the following
Source of drugs
Pharmacology is the science of drugs, covering all aspects of drug knowledge. Every drug has three names: a chemical name based on its molecular structure, a nonproprietary or generic name, and one or more proprietary or brand names given by manufacturers. Drugs come from natural sources like plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as being synthesized, semi-synthesized, or produced through genetic engineering. Common plant drug sources include opium from poppies, quinine from cinchona bark, and digoxin from foxglove leaves. Animal sources include insulin from pig pancreases and heparin from leeches. Many drugs were originally derived from natural sources but are now produced synthetically or semi-
Herbal medicine intro
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
ENT-405 -FOR STUDENTS.pptx
This document provides an overview of insecticides and their application. It discusses the nomenclature, classification, and properties of insecticides. Insecticides can be classified based on their target pest, target stage, mode of entry, chemical nature, and mode of action. Common classifications include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides. In terms of chemical nature, insecticides include inorganic compounds like arsenicals and fluorides, natural organic compounds, and synthetic organic compounds like organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. The document also lists several books recommended for further reading on topics like insecticide technology, principles of insect toxicology, and pesticide application methods.
1 Introduction to pharmacology.pptx
This document provides an introduction to pharmacology for nurses. It discusses how medications can benefit patients but also harm them if administered incorrectly. It defines pharmacology as the study of drug actions and emphasizes the nurse's role in safe drug administration and understanding therapeutic and side effects. The document also categorizes drugs according to action and chemistry, explains drug nomenclature, and reviews sources of drugs including plants, animals, microorganisms, minerals, and synthesis.
Pharmacological classification of drugs
anti microbial drugs, aminoglycosides, penicilins, anti TB, anti leprotic, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, antiamoebic, wormicides, anticancer, immunosuppresant, antiseptic disinfectant, ectoparasitics, chelating agents
Introduction to Pharmacology, Source, Nomenclature& use of Herbal Drugs prect...
This document provides definitions and key concepts related to pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms. It discusses the history and important figures in pharmacology. Key terms like pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, and indications are defined. The document also covers the sources of drugs including plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms and synthesis. It discusses nomenclature systems for drugs including chemical, generic and brand names. Common herbal medicines used in India are also highlighted.
Sources of drug for Undergraduate MBBS students
--> Drugs are obtained from 8 major sources
.Plant sources
.Animal sources
.Mineral/ Earth sources
.Microbiological sources
.Synthetic sources
.Semi synthetic sources
.Human sources
.Genetically engineered
Almost all parts of the plants are used i.e. leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, bark and stem.
Leaves
Digitoxin and Digoxin
Hyoscine
Nicotine
Atropine
Oil of Eucalyptus
Animal source
Heparin - Leech
Pepsin - stomach of cow
Human source
HCG - Pregnant women
Urokinase - human kidney cell
PHARMACOLOGICAL __د حاتم البيطارCLASSIFICATION OF __DRUGS BY GROUPS .pdf
#دكتور_حاتم_البيطار
#دحاتم_البيطار
#timodentist
📞01005684344
💬 واتس 01202389028
Dr Hatem ElBitar
د حاتم البيطار
أستشاري وجراح أسنان
زميل الزمالة المصرية
محاضر ادارة المستشفيات ومكافحة العدوى
01005684344
#دحاتم_البيطار
http://bit.ly/2xzMIlo
https://64a832848a05c.site123.me/
http://drhatemelbeetar.wordpress.com
timo660733705.wordpress.com
https://drhatembetar.wordpress.com/
Anti emetics
1) Anti-emetic drugs are used to prevent or suppress vomiting. They are classified into different categories including anti-cholinergics, anti-histamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic drugs, 5HT antagonists, and adjuvent anti-emetics.
2) Common anti-emetic drugs include cyclizine, dicyclomine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron. They work through different mechanisms such as blocking neurotransmitters or receptors.
3) Anti-emetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting from conditions like cancer chemotherapy, motion sickness, and post-operative vomiting. Adverse effects can include
Poison and antidote ppt
This document discusses toxicology and antidotes for poisoning. It begins by defining toxicology and its branches, including analytical, clinical, forensic, veterinary, and environmental toxicology. It then covers categories and types of poisons, as well as the medicolegal classification of poisons. General principles for treating poisoning are outlined, followed by definitions and examples of antidotes. The mechanisms of various antidotes like activated charcoal, demulsants, and chemical antidotes are explained. Finally, the need for and classification of antidotes into physical, chemical, physiological, and universal categories is described.
Antimicrobials.pdf
Antimicrobial agents kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and algae. Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial produced by microorganisms that selectively suppress or kill other microorganisms at low concentrations. Antimicrobials have a broader definition and can act both inside and outside the body, while antibiotics specifically refer to compounds that combat bacterial infections inside the body. Antimicrobials are classified based on the type of organism they target, their spectrum of activity, and whether they are bacteriostatic or bactericidal. They work through various mechanisms like inhibiting cell wall synthesis, damaging membranes, or interfering with protein production.
Chemistry of anti protozoal drugs.pdf
This document discusses various anti-protozoal and anti-helminthic agents. It describes drugs used to treat infections caused by protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica and helminths. It provides details on nitroimidazole drugs like metronidazole and tinidazole that are used as first-line treatments for amebiasis. It also discusses eflornithine for treating sleeping sickness and diloxanide furoate for asymptomatic amebiasis. The document categorizes anti-helminthics and provides details on benzimidazoles, piperazine derivatives, and other drug classes used against various nematode and parasite infections.
antineoplastic agents.pptx
This document discusses antineoplastic agents, also known as chemotherapy drugs, which are used to treat cancer. There are two main categories of these drugs - cell cycle specific drugs which target particular phases of the cell cycle, and cell cycle non-specific drugs like alkylating agents that work throughout the cell cycle. A key challenge is drug resistance where cancer cells become resistant to treatment, either primarily or through acquired resistance over time. The document also provides examples of different classes of chemotherapy drugs and how alkylating agents specifically work by cross-linking DNA to prevent cancer cell replication.
Drugs available for Noncontagious Diseases
Noncommunicable diseases have been predominant in advanced nations. However, an increase in incidence of such disorders is now seen in India as well. A number of drugs are used in the treatment of these diseases. These are discussed in the current presentation.
TOPIC 2.pptx
This document discusses the classification of natural products. It describes how natural substances can be classified based on their source and whether they have undergone processing. Crude drugs are described as natural substances that have only undergone collection and drying. Various methods for classifying crude drugs are outlined, including morphological, taxonomic, pharmacological, chemical, and chemo-taxonomic approaches. Specific examples of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, and other chemical groups are provided to illustrate chemical classification of natural products.
Pharmacology & memory just
This document discusses the etymology, pharmacology, and medical uses of several drugs. It provides information on drug classes including: statins (used to treat dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease), beta blockers (used for blood pressure control), proton pump inhibitors (used for acid reflux), neuromuscular blockers (used as anesthetic adjuncts), opioids (used as analgesics and anesthetics), and benzodiazepines (used as anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, and sedatives). Each drug class is explained along with examples, mechanisms of action, and important considerations for use.
Medicinal chemistry
This document provides an overview of key concepts in medicinal chemistry. It defines medicinal chemistry as concerning the discovery, development, and interpretation of biologically active compounds at the molecular level. It then discusses the relationships between organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmaceutical chemistry. The rest of the document covers topics like drug nomenclature, classification, pharmacology principles of drug action, toxicology, and assays.
Note introduction to pharmacology
This is an introduction to Pharmacology, which is very helpful for nursing students. This presentation tells about classification, sources, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of drugs.
1_Introduction_to_pharmacology.pptx
It's about pharmaceutical and pharmacology introduction.. It's more valuable for medical and science students
Pharmacology and drugs
This document presents a summary of a biology presentation on pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their actions on living systems. It discusses different types of medicinal drugs including their sources, classifications based on chemical properties and modes of action. Important medicinal drugs and their usage are explained such as analgesics, antibiotics, sedatives and vaccines. Addictive drugs like sedatives, narcotics and marijuana are also described along with their effects. The presentation aims to help students understand the definition of pharmacology, its types and concepts about different medicines.
Infections Pharmacology.pptx
This document discusses various drugs used to treat bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. It describes the mechanisms of antibacterial drugs including inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis and DNA/RNA function. Specific drug classes are outlined for each mechanism such as penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The document also discusses antiviral drugs used to treat HIV including different classes that act on reverse transcriptase and protease. Finally, it briefly outlines antifungal, antiparasitic and anthelmintic drugs used to treat various infections.
Toksisitas Bahan Bahan Terapi.pptx
Terima kasih atas penugasan ringkasan tentang toksikokinetika, toksisitas, dan metode deteksi ganja, kokain, dan amfetamin. Saya akan mengerjakannya dan mengirimkan hasilnya kemudian.
Alkaloids
Alkaloids are basic (alkali-like), nitrogen-containing organic constituents found in some plants.Alkaloids are normally classified according to the heterocyclic ring system they possess, but some authors prefer a classification based on their biosynthetic origins from amino acids, e.g. phenylalanine, tyrosine or tryptophan. (Justin et al.) Many individual names are formed by adding the suffix "-ine" to the species or generic alkaloids. For example, atropine is isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna, strychnine is obtained from the seed of Strychnine tree. Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs exhibit antiproliferation and antimetastasis effects on various types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Alkaloids, such as camptothecin and vinblastine, have already been successfully developed into anticancer drugs.
Introduction to Pharmacology.pptx
The document provides an overview of key concepts in pharmacology. It defines pharmacology and discusses the sources of drugs including plants, animals, microbes, marine life, minerals, and synthesis. It also covers pharmacokinetic concepts such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The types of drug actions are examined including therapeutic effects, side effects, adverse reactions, toxicity, and interactions. Classification of drugs and routes of administration are also summarized.
Chapter 2 - Pharmacology.pdf
This document provides an overview of pharmacology and mechanisms of drug action. It defines pharmacology as the study of drug interaction with living organisms. Key points include: drugs can come from natural, animal, mineral or laboratory sources; various routes of administration depend on factors like physical properties and site of action; pharmacodynamics examines how drugs affect the body by interacting with receptors, ion channels, enzymes or through chemical reactions; and pharmacogenetics considers genetic differences in metabolic pathways that influence drug responses.
Phytotoxins.pptx
Plant toxins: Special poisonous substances that are produced in small quantities by plants, Their types, plants, applications, etc.
Beta Lactams.pptx
The document discusses various β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins. It describes the chemical structure of penicillins including the β-lactam ring. It discusses the classes of penicillins, their history, mechanisms of action, degradation pathways, structure-activity relationships, resistance issues and classification. Specific penicillins discussed include benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethyl penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin.
UTI-1.pptx
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses what constitutes a UTI, common causes like E. coli, and risk factors like female anatomy. Symptoms vary by age but include issues like frequency and pain. Diagnosis involves urine tests to check for bacteria, white blood cells, and nitrites. Treatment generally involves antibiotics like trimethoprim that achieve high urine concentrations. Duration depends on the infection type, with uncomplicated cystitis often treated with a 3 day course and pyelonephritis requiring longer treatment.
More Related Content
Similar to classification of anticancer drugs-1.pptx
Sources of drug for Undergraduate MBBS students
--> Drugs are obtained from 8 major sources
.Plant sources
.Animal sources
.Mineral/ Earth sources
.Microbiological sources
.Synthetic sources
.Semi synthetic sources
.Human sources
.Genetically engineered
Almost all parts of the plants are used i.e. leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots, bark and stem.
Leaves
Digitoxin and Digoxin
Hyoscine
Nicotine
Atropine
Oil of Eucalyptus
Animal source
Heparin - Leech
Pepsin - stomach of cow
Human source
HCG - Pregnant women
Urokinase - human kidney cell
PHARMACOLOGICAL __د حاتم البيطارCLASSIFICATION OF __DRUGS BY GROUPS .pdf
#دكتور_حاتم_البيطار
#دحاتم_البيطار
#timodentist
📞01005684344
💬 واتس 01202389028
Dr Hatem ElBitar
د حاتم البيطار
أستشاري وجراح أسنان
زميل الزمالة المصرية
محاضر ادارة المستشفيات ومكافحة العدوى
01005684344
#دحاتم_البيطار
http://bit.ly/2xzMIlo
https://64a832848a05c.site123.me/
http://drhatemelbeetar.wordpress.com
timo660733705.wordpress.com
https://drhatembetar.wordpress.com/
Anti emetics
1) Anti-emetic drugs are used to prevent or suppress vomiting. They are classified into different categories including anti-cholinergics, anti-histamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic drugs, 5HT antagonists, and adjuvent anti-emetics.
2) Common anti-emetic drugs include cyclizine, dicyclomine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron. They work through different mechanisms such as blocking neurotransmitters or receptors.
3) Anti-emetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting from conditions like cancer chemotherapy, motion sickness, and post-operative vomiting. Adverse effects can include
Poison and antidote ppt
This document discusses toxicology and antidotes for poisoning. It begins by defining toxicology and its branches, including analytical, clinical, forensic, veterinary, and environmental toxicology. It then covers categories and types of poisons, as well as the medicolegal classification of poisons. General principles for treating poisoning are outlined, followed by definitions and examples of antidotes. The mechanisms of various antidotes like activated charcoal, demulsants, and chemical antidotes are explained. Finally, the need for and classification of antidotes into physical, chemical, physiological, and universal categories is described.
Antimicrobials.pdf
Antimicrobial agents kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and algae. Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial produced by microorganisms that selectively suppress or kill other microorganisms at low concentrations. Antimicrobials have a broader definition and can act both inside and outside the body, while antibiotics specifically refer to compounds that combat bacterial infections inside the body. Antimicrobials are classified based on the type of organism they target, their spectrum of activity, and whether they are bacteriostatic or bactericidal. They work through various mechanisms like inhibiting cell wall synthesis, damaging membranes, or interfering with protein production.
Chemistry of anti protozoal drugs.pdf
This document discusses various anti-protozoal and anti-helminthic agents. It describes drugs used to treat infections caused by protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica and helminths. It provides details on nitroimidazole drugs like metronidazole and tinidazole that are used as first-line treatments for amebiasis. It also discusses eflornithine for treating sleeping sickness and diloxanide furoate for asymptomatic amebiasis. The document categorizes anti-helminthics and provides details on benzimidazoles, piperazine derivatives, and other drug classes used against various nematode and parasite infections.
antineoplastic agents.pptx
This document discusses antineoplastic agents, also known as chemotherapy drugs, which are used to treat cancer. There are two main categories of these drugs - cell cycle specific drugs which target particular phases of the cell cycle, and cell cycle non-specific drugs like alkylating agents that work throughout the cell cycle. A key challenge is drug resistance where cancer cells become resistant to treatment, either primarily or through acquired resistance over time. The document also provides examples of different classes of chemotherapy drugs and how alkylating agents specifically work by cross-linking DNA to prevent cancer cell replication.
Drugs available for Noncontagious Diseases
Noncommunicable diseases have been predominant in advanced nations. However, an increase in incidence of such disorders is now seen in India as well. A number of drugs are used in the treatment of these diseases. These are discussed in the current presentation.
TOPIC 2.pptx
This document discusses the classification of natural products. It describes how natural substances can be classified based on their source and whether they have undergone processing. Crude drugs are described as natural substances that have only undergone collection and drying. Various methods for classifying crude drugs are outlined, including morphological, taxonomic, pharmacological, chemical, and chemo-taxonomic approaches. Specific examples of carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, and other chemical groups are provided to illustrate chemical classification of natural products.
Pharmacology & memory just
This document discusses the etymology, pharmacology, and medical uses of several drugs. It provides information on drug classes including: statins (used to treat dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease), beta blockers (used for blood pressure control), proton pump inhibitors (used for acid reflux), neuromuscular blockers (used as anesthetic adjuncts), opioids (used as analgesics and anesthetics), and benzodiazepines (used as anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, and sedatives). Each drug class is explained along with examples, mechanisms of action, and important considerations for use.
Medicinal chemistry
This document provides an overview of key concepts in medicinal chemistry. It defines medicinal chemistry as concerning the discovery, development, and interpretation of biologically active compounds at the molecular level. It then discusses the relationships between organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmaceutical chemistry. The rest of the document covers topics like drug nomenclature, classification, pharmacology principles of drug action, toxicology, and assays.
Note introduction to pharmacology
This is an introduction to Pharmacology, which is very helpful for nursing students. This presentation tells about classification, sources, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of drugs.
1_Introduction_to_pharmacology.pptx
It's about pharmaceutical and pharmacology introduction.. It's more valuable for medical and science students
Pharmacology and drugs
This document presents a summary of a biology presentation on pharmacology. It defines pharmacology as the study of drugs and their actions on living systems. It discusses different types of medicinal drugs including their sources, classifications based on chemical properties and modes of action. Important medicinal drugs and their usage are explained such as analgesics, antibiotics, sedatives and vaccines. Addictive drugs like sedatives, narcotics and marijuana are also described along with their effects. The presentation aims to help students understand the definition of pharmacology, its types and concepts about different medicines.
Infections Pharmacology.pptx
This document discusses various drugs used to treat bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. It describes the mechanisms of antibacterial drugs including inhibiting cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis and DNA/RNA function. Specific drug classes are outlined for each mechanism such as penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The document also discusses antiviral drugs used to treat HIV including different classes that act on reverse transcriptase and protease. Finally, it briefly outlines antifungal, antiparasitic and anthelmintic drugs used to treat various infections.
Toksisitas Bahan Bahan Terapi.pptx
Terima kasih atas penugasan ringkasan tentang toksikokinetika, toksisitas, dan metode deteksi ganja, kokain, dan amfetamin. Saya akan mengerjakannya dan mengirimkan hasilnya kemudian.
Alkaloids
Alkaloids are basic (alkali-like), nitrogen-containing organic constituents found in some plants.Alkaloids are normally classified according to the heterocyclic ring system they possess, but some authors prefer a classification based on their biosynthetic origins from amino acids, e.g. phenylalanine, tyrosine or tryptophan. (Justin et al.) Many individual names are formed by adding the suffix "-ine" to the species or generic alkaloids. For example, atropine is isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna, strychnine is obtained from the seed of Strychnine tree. Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery. Several alkaloids isolated from natural herbs exhibit antiproliferation and antimetastasis effects on various types of cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Alkaloids, such as camptothecin and vinblastine, have already been successfully developed into anticancer drugs.
Introduction to Pharmacology.pptx
The document provides an overview of key concepts in pharmacology. It defines pharmacology and discusses the sources of drugs including plants, animals, microbes, marine life, minerals, and synthesis. It also covers pharmacokinetic concepts such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The types of drug actions are examined including therapeutic effects, side effects, adverse reactions, toxicity, and interactions. Classification of drugs and routes of administration are also summarized.
Chapter 2 - Pharmacology.pdf
This document provides an overview of pharmacology and mechanisms of drug action. It defines pharmacology as the study of drug interaction with living organisms. Key points include: drugs can come from natural, animal, mineral or laboratory sources; various routes of administration depend on factors like physical properties and site of action; pharmacodynamics examines how drugs affect the body by interacting with receptors, ion channels, enzymes or through chemical reactions; and pharmacogenetics considers genetic differences in metabolic pathways that influence drug responses.
Phytotoxins.pptx
Plant toxins: Special poisonous substances that are produced in small quantities by plants, Their types, plants, applications, etc.
Similar to classification of anticancer drugs-1.pptx (20)
PHARMACOLOGICAL __د حاتم البيطارCLASSIFICATION OF __DRUGS BY GROUPS .pdf
PHARMACOLOGICAL __د حاتم البيطارCLASSIFICATION OF __DRUGS BY GROUPS .pdf
More from MuhammadSalman150628
Beta Lactams.pptx
The document discusses various β-lactam antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins. It describes the chemical structure of penicillins including the β-lactam ring. It discusses the classes of penicillins, their history, mechanisms of action, degradation pathways, structure-activity relationships, resistance issues and classification. Specific penicillins discussed include benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethyl penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin and dicloxacillin.
UTI-1.pptx
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses what constitutes a UTI, common causes like E. coli, and risk factors like female anatomy. Symptoms vary by age but include issues like frequency and pain. Diagnosis involves urine tests to check for bacteria, white blood cells, and nitrites. Treatment generally involves antibiotics like trimethoprim that achieve high urine concentrations. Duration depends on the infection type, with uncomplicated cystitis often treated with a 3 day course and pyelonephritis requiring longer treatment.
ANALGESICS-1.ppt
This document provides information on various classes of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It discusses narcotic analgesics, antipyretics, classifications of NSAIDs including salicylic acid derivatives, pyrazolones, indoleacetic acids, anthranilic acids, and arylpropionic acids. Specific NSAIDs covered include oxyphenbutazone, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, piroxicam, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, and celecoxib. The document outlines their chemical structures, mechanisms of action, uses, syntheses and side effects.
Patents and Generic.pptx
Patent and Generic Pharmaceutical Ethics
When a new drug is developed, the pharmaceutical company is initially granted a patent for around 20 years to exclusively sell the drug under a brand name. Once the patent expires, generic drug companies can produce versions of the drug. Generics must be proven to be equivalent to the brand version in dosage, safety, and performance to gain FDA approval. This increased competition brings drug prices down substantially, improving access and affordability for patients.
Polymers.pptx
This document discusses polymers used in drug delivery. Polymers are macromolecules made of repeating monomer units. They can be classified based on monomer type, arrangement, structure, properties, source, form, and biodegradability. Copolymers contain two monomers, while homopolymers contain one. Polymers have applications in conventional dosage forms like tablets and liquids, as well as controlled drug delivery systems. Biodegradable polymers break down in response to chemical reactions like hydrolysis. Their degradation can be hydrolytic, enzymatic, and affected by various factors.
Granulation - Compression-1.pptx
The document discusses key steps in the manufacturing process of solid dosage forms including granulation, drying, blending, tableting, and coating if applicable. It identifies critical process parameters that can significantly affect drug release such as drug particle size, excipient quality, granulation equipment, process variables like binder amount and time, and manufacturing steps. The document also provides examples of process variables and responses measured for solid dosage forms and diagrams of tablet manufacturing equipment.
HIV Aids-1.pptx
This document discusses HIV infection and AIDS. It begins by noting that AIDS was first recognized in 1981 in homosexual men with immune deficiencies. It then discusses how HIV is transmitted, primarily through sexual intercourse, needle sharing, blood transmission, and from mother to child. The document outlines the structure of HIV, which is a retrovirus that infects CD4 cells. It explains how HIV replicates by converting its RNA to DNA and integrating into the host cell genome. This causes a depletion of CD4 cells over time, leading to immunosuppression and susceptibility to other infections and illnesses. The document covers clinical manifestations of HIV at different stages, as well as methods for testing, monitoring, and treating HIV, including antiretroviral drugs that
STERILE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES - F.ppt
Sterile preparation techniques involve maintaining cleanliness levels from grades A through F to minimize contamination. Grade A areas have the highest level of protection for aseptic processing. Various sources of possible contamination like premises, air, personnel and materials are controlled. Personnel follow hygiene procedures and wear protective clothing appropriate for the cleanliness grade. Sampling locations are chosen based on factors like criticality and proximity to products to monitor environmental quality.
cinchona_alkaloids.ppt
This document discusses anti-malarial drugs, focusing on cinchona alkaloids like quinine. It describes the chemical classification of anti-malarials and the medicinal chemistry of cinchona alkaloids. Specifically, it details the extraction of quinine from cinchona bark, its chemical structure, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action including inhibition of hemozoin biocrystallization, and therapeutic uses while noting its replacement due to undesirable side effects.
Thyroid Disorders.pptx
This document discusses thyroid disorders of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. It defines them as conditions resulting from too little or too much thyroid hormone production respectively. It describes the physiology of thyroid hormone regulation and the negative feedback loop. The causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, subacute thyroiditis, toxic single adenoma, and others. The treatment options for hyperthyroidism discussed are symptom relief medications, anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine treatment, and thyroidectomy.
sterilization (2).pptx
This document provides an overview of sterilization including:
- Definitions of key terms like sterilization, antiseptic, bacteriostatic, and viable
- Classification of sterilization methods into terminal and non-terminal processes
- Parameters used to measure sterilization effectiveness like D-value and z-value
- Methods of controlling microorganisms through physical sterilization techniques like heat and radiation or chemical sterilization agents
- Guidance on sterilization from regulatory bodies like the FDA
- Conclusions on the importance of sterilization in various applications like pharmaceuticals and healthcare
Pyrimidine_class-S.ppt
This document summarizes key information about pyrimethamine, an antimalarial drug:
- Pyrimethamine belongs to a class of antimalarial drugs containing a 6-membered heterocyclic ring with two nitrogen atoms one carbon atom apart.
- Its structure and modifications were studied extensively, finding maximum activity when a chlorophenyl group is attached at position 5 and an ethyl group at position 6.
- Pyrimethamine works by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase in plasmodium, preventing synthesis of folic acid and thus inhibiting nucleic acid and replication of the plasmodium parasite.
Patents and Generic.pptx
Patent and Generic Pharmaceutical Ethics
When a new drug is developed, the pharmaceutical company is initially granted a patent for around 20 years to exclusively sell the drug under a brand name. Once the patent expires, generic drug companies can produce versions of the drug. Generics must be proven to be equivalent to the brand version in dosage, safety, and performance to gain FDA approval. This increased competition brings drug prices down substantially, improving access and affordability for patients.
Pharmaceutical Care-1.pptx
The document provides information on pharmaceutical care including its history and key concepts. It discusses the staircase approach to pharmaceutical care and outlines the practitioner's responsibilities. These include understanding the patient, assessing their medication needs and therapy, identifying any drug-related problems, developing a care plan, and conducting follow-up evaluations. It also covers assessing the patient's medication experience, types of drug therapy problems, and the importance of the therapeutic relationship and patient-centered approach.
More from MuhammadSalman150628 (14)
Recently uploaded
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHow to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
classification of anticancer drugs-1.pptx
- 1. Classification of anticancer drugs Lecture by Farah Javaid Assistant professor Pharm.D M.Phil (Pharmacology) Ph.D (Scholar)
- 2. Classification type a: Cell specific and nonspecific anticancer drugs
- 6. b) Classification of anticancer drugs (main classification)
- 7. 1) ALKYLATING AGENTS • Acronym used to memorize it is (NEAT-N) • (1) the nitrogen mustards (Mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, ifosphamide, melphalan, chlorambucil) • (2) the ethyleneimines, (thiotepa) • (3) the alkyl sulfonates, (busulfan) • (4) the triazenes. (dacarbazine, temozolomide) • (5) the nitrosoureas, (carmustine, Streptozocin ) • The methylhydrazine and platinum complexes also are included here, even though they do not formally alkylate DNA and use a different means to form covalent adducts with DNA.
- 8. 2) Antimetabolites Class of analog Name of drugs 1. Folic acid analog i) Methotrexate 2. Pyrimidine analog • (cytosine & thymine in case of DNA ) • (Cytosine & uracil in case of RNA) i) 5-FU ii) Floxuridine iii) Capecitabine iv) Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside) v) Gemcitabine 3. Purine analog • (adenine & guanine) i) 6-MP ii) 6-Thioguanine iii) Cladribine iv) Fludarabine
- 9. 3) Antibiotics • A) Anthracycline Antibiotics (CCND)(class of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy derived from Streptomyces bacterium) • Dactinomycin (actinomycin D) • Daunorubicin (daunomycin, rubidomycin) • Doxorubicin • Idarubicin • Mitoxantrone • Epirubicin • B) Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene (CCD) (quinone derivative of anthracene and the parent substance of a large class of dyes ) • Bleomycin ,
- 10. 4) Natural & Semi-synthetic products of Plants • A) VINCA ALKALOIDS • Vincristine • Vinblastine • B) TAXANES • Paclitaxel • Docetaxel • C) EPIPODOPHYLLOTOXINS • Etoposide • D) CAMPTOTHECIN ANALOGUES • Topotecan • Irinotecan Microtubule inhibitors(natural products) Topoisomerase inhibitors (semi-synthetic products)
- 11. 5) Steroidal hormones and their antagonists Classes of hormones Examples of drugs 1) Glucocorticoids Prednisolone 2) Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) Tamoxifen 3) Aromatase inhibitors Aminoglutethimide Anastrozole & Letrozole Exemestane 4) Progestins Hydroxyprogesterone acetate Megestreol 5) GnRH analogues Leuprolide Goserelin 6) Estrogens Ethinyl estradiol or Diethylstilbestrol 7) Synthetic Nonsteroidal Antiandrogen Flutamide, Nilutamide
- 12. 6) Monoclonal antibodies • Currently, several monoclonal antibodies are available in the United States for the treatment of cancer. • Examples of monoclonal antibodies: 1. Trastuzumab, 2. rituximab, 3. bevacizumab, and 4. cetuximab.
- 13. 7) Platinum coordination complexes: 1. Cisplatin , 2. carboplatin, 3. Oxaliplatin
- 14. 8) Tyrosine kinase inhibitor • i) Imatinib • ii) Gefitinib
- 15. 9) Miscellaneous • i) Procarbazine • ii)L-Asparaginase • iii) interferons
- 16. Good luck
Editor's Notes
- CCS:cell cycle specific drugs CCNS: cell cycle nonspecific drugs