This document discusses impurities in pharmaceuticals and how classical technology can help reduce impurities. It notes that impurities show extraordinary diversity based on regulatory standards. Various approaches try to stimulate and remove impurities early before they become embedded in products. Factors like temperature, solvents, and reaction conditions influence impurity levels. The withdrawal of water as a solvent during synthesis was found to significantly increase impurity levels compared to recommendations. Maintaining proper concentrations of raw materials and solvents like water can help control impurities during synthesis and product development.
Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is conducted to determine the degree to which a substance can damage a living or non-living organism. It is often conducted by researchers using standard test procedures to comply with governing regulations, for example for medicines and pesticides. Much toxicology is considered to be part of the field of preclinical development. Stages of in vitro and in vivo research are conducted to determine safe doses of exposure in humans before a first-in-man study. Toxicology testing may be conducted by the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology companies or contract research organizations.
Drug development is a high-risk enterprise. The typical new drug takes 10-12 years to get to market and costs up to $500 million. Pharmaceutical companies face continually increasing challenges in drug development— shorter product life cycles, global competition, as well as daunting technical and regulatory hurdles. Meanwhile, as a result of the Human Genome Project and high throughput drug development methods, there are many more drug candidates to test. Thus, there is growing pressure on pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies.
Toxicology
Principles of Toxicology
Dose-response relationship
Risk = Hazard X Exposure
Factors that influence toxicity
Drug Toxicology
Therapeutic index
Therapeutic window
Idiosyncrasy
Pharmcogenetics
Drug allergy
Test for prediction drug allergy
Toxicology is a branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine that concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.
Toxicology deals with the study of the harmful effects of chemicals on living beings. This branch of science has been equally recognised in medical as well as scientific field
Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is conducted to determine the degree to which a substance can damage a living or non-living organism. It is often conducted by researchers using standard test procedures to comply with governing regulations, for example for medicines and pesticides. Much toxicology is considered to be part of the field of preclinical development. Stages of in vitro and in vivo research are conducted to determine safe doses of exposure in humans before a first-in-man study. Toxicology testing may be conducted by the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology companies or contract research organizations.
Drug development is a high-risk enterprise. The typical new drug takes 10-12 years to get to market and costs up to $500 million. Pharmaceutical companies face continually increasing challenges in drug development— shorter product life cycles, global competition, as well as daunting technical and regulatory hurdles. Meanwhile, as a result of the Human Genome Project and high throughput drug development methods, there are many more drug candidates to test. Thus, there is growing pressure on pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies.
Toxicology
Principles of Toxicology
Dose-response relationship
Risk = Hazard X Exposure
Factors that influence toxicity
Drug Toxicology
Therapeutic index
Therapeutic window
Idiosyncrasy
Pharmcogenetics
Drug allergy
Test for prediction drug allergy
Toxicology is a branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine that concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.
Toxicology deals with the study of the harmful effects of chemicals on living beings. This branch of science has been equally recognised in medical as well as scientific field
This presentation provides a knowledge about Toxicology, its types , definition, regulatory guidelines for conducting toxicological studies, OECD guidelines for GLP. This is an assignment in the subject, Pharmacological & Toxicological Screening Methods - II, 2nd Semester, M.Pharm (Pharmacology)
A brief description of some important topics of pharmaceutical chemistry like lead compounds bioactive compounds and prodrugs &soft drugs which are the base of pharmaceuticals.
toxicology study according to OECD guidelines, organisation for economic co-orporation and developement, jasdeep singh , maharaja ranjit singh punjab technical university bathinda
Toxicity testing is a way to discover the toxic effects of a drug or chemical on experimental animals and assess their potential safety for the humans and environment.
Stability studies ensuring the maintenance of product quality, safety and efficacy throughout the shelf life are considered as pre-requisite for the acceptance and approval of any pharmaceutical product. Stability testing is a routine procedure performed on drug substances and products and is employed at various stages of the product development.
Drug excipient incompatibilities are major concerns in formulation development.
Selection of the proper excipient during preformulation studies is of prime importance.
This presentation provides a knowledge about Toxicology, its types , definition, regulatory guidelines for conducting toxicological studies, OECD guidelines for GLP. This is an assignment in the subject, Pharmacological & Toxicological Screening Methods - II, 2nd Semester, M.Pharm (Pharmacology)
A brief description of some important topics of pharmaceutical chemistry like lead compounds bioactive compounds and prodrugs &soft drugs which are the base of pharmaceuticals.
toxicology study according to OECD guidelines, organisation for economic co-orporation and developement, jasdeep singh , maharaja ranjit singh punjab technical university bathinda
Toxicity testing is a way to discover the toxic effects of a drug or chemical on experimental animals and assess their potential safety for the humans and environment.
Stability studies ensuring the maintenance of product quality, safety and efficacy throughout the shelf life are considered as pre-requisite for the acceptance and approval of any pharmaceutical product. Stability testing is a routine procedure performed on drug substances and products and is employed at various stages of the product development.
Drug excipient incompatibilities are major concerns in formulation development.
Selection of the proper excipient during preformulation studies is of prime importance.
Impurity profiling and degradent characterization {presented by shameer m.pha...ShameerAbid
these slides discuss
Impurity profiling
Degradation characterization
Stability testing & Accelerated stability testing (ICH)
Evaluation of the test (shelf life)
analytical method development
ICH vs USP definition
methods for identification
method for the isolation of the impurity
factors affecting the degradation of formulation
What is degradation characterization
general protocol of degradation conditions used for drug substance and drug product
Degradation conditions
Stress testing
Container closure system
Regulatory Considerations for Excipients used in Lipid NanoparticlesMerck Life Sciences
Lipid excipients and delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are essential for a wide variety of therapeutics including mRNA vaccines and therapeutics and gene therapy.
The purity and safety of novel, synthetic lipid excipients must be demonstrated due to their central role in the function of the drug product, distinct physicochemical properties, and the potential for interaction with other ingredients or the physicochemical environment. These excipients must comply with challenging and complex regulatory requirements, similar to those expected of the active pharmaceutical ingredient itself.
This whitepaper provides an overview of the regulatory classification of lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and novel excipients. Specific requirements outlined in guidance documents are shared along with strategies to stay ahead of emerging regulatory challenges.
To find more information about synthetic lipids for pharmaceutical applications and gene therapy, please visit our website:
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Homoeopathic Drug Standardization through Biological Evaluation Future Perspe...ijtsrd
There is a scarcity of chemico analytical method of standardization of high dilution of homoeopathic drugs. Homoeopathic medicines include any drug which are prepared by the methods given in homoeopathic pharmacopoeias. Efficacy of homoeopathic medicines are obtained by clinical use, from homoeopathic authenticated literature and research. Vineeta | Atul Kumar Singh "Homoeopathic Drug Standardization through Biological Evaluation- Future Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33596.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/33596/homoeopathic-drug-standardization-through-biological-evaluation-future-perspective/vineeta
In this pdf, you will get information about manufacturing , standardization , validation , processing , etc. for herbal drugs followed by the WHO guidelines.
Evaluation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions due to antimicrobial agents: A...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Environmental Risk Assessment for Pharmaceutical DrugsCovance
Understanding the Evaluation and Implications of Findings to the Regulatory Review of Human Medicines in the Environment. Pharmaceutical drugs are intended for the treatment of human disease, therefore the risk of their environmental exposure in clinical use needs to be evaluated. Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is part of the requirements when applying for marketing approval in many geographic regions throughout the world.
Introduction,Drug- Excipient Compatibility Experimental Design ,Excipient role in drug destabilization,DRUG EXCIPIENT COMPATIBILTY IN PARENTERAL PRODUCTS.This topic are described.
June 6, 2019
To,
Honorable Vice Chancellor/ Pro Vice Chancellor,
Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune,
Sir,
A reference is invited to hearing in presence of Chairman Takarar Nivaran Samiti and participant members on dated June 8, 2019 at 12.30 pm. Yes I conform. Thank you. I will do that.
Yours sincerely,
Rahul Hajare
Fellow, Directorate of Pharmacy, IASR (LIFETIME MEMBERSHIP)
Copy to,
Deputy Registrar Kayada & Takarar Nivaran Samiti, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune.
Deputy Commissioner of Police Pune.
District Judge (District and Session Judge Legal Education) Pune.
Dr.Rahul Hajare is a post doctoral student of Renowned Scientist Respected Dr. R S. Paranjape Retired Director and Scientist ‘G’ National AIDS Research Institute India. He achieved his training at the National AIDS Research Institute, the reputed and primer HIV research institute in India. Dr. Hajare is board certified by Director-in-Charge, National AIDS Research Institute, the Secretory Board of Management KLE Society Belagavi, Registrar Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation, Aarti Drugs Limited and Shikshan Vikas Mandal. Dr Hajare won World Academic Championship-2017 in Pharmacy (Antiretroviral Therapy) and certified as Fellow, Directorate of Pharmacy, IASR (Lifetime Membership).
The Society for Ethnopharmacology, India (SFE – India) was
constituted by the eminent academicians, researchers, industrialists
with the vision of providing an environment for knowledge sharing
among industrialists, researchers, students and healthcarepractitioners
interested in promotion of Ethnopharmacology and
medicinal plant. The Society is registered under the West Bengal
Society Registration act 1961 and is affiliated to the International
Society for Ethnopharmacology, UK. The Pune Chapter is one of
the active branches of SFE India and involved in various activities
to promote the traditional medicinal knowledge.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. How to cite this article: Rahul H. Classical Technology Can Run Away Impurity in Pharmaceuticals Frugal Innovation Lesson from Classic Innovation
System. Organic & Medicinal Chem I J. 2017; 2(4): 555592. DOI: 10.19080/OMCIJ.2017.02.555592
002
Organic and Medicinal Chemistry International Journal
pharmaceutical ingredients and running intermediate were
taking concomitantly in equal intervals of heating time. In this
invention impurity interaction occurs when water has avoided
from the synthesis. This study has showed that impurity level
increases significantly after a poor compliance of water. Batch
time of active pharmaceutical ingredients has narrow or it may
be long, it has to be vigilant in maintaining the concentration of
raw material suitable molar range with water till complete the
reaction mass.
So direct role of water, raw material regimen has important
and heat monitoring which helps to keep the level with in
synthesis. Water combined with reaction mixture used to treat
co - associated impurity conditions, when multiple solvent may
be used, there is possibility of more exothermic and under rated
relevant for impurity and its interaction, which drag them and
come along with product development and with impurity way
has particularly common for a variety of reasons. Water too was
not affected by the use of specific concentration to this reaction.
After the withdrawal of water the level of impurity went up
significantly, it needs vigilance in such situation. Therefore
adequate to this subgroup of solvent water has switched off
from the synthesis, the concentration of solvent increases
slowly goes up with the passage of time and it takes impurity.
Impurity –impurity interactions among reaction mixture and
unreacted material are well established but the withdrawal
of water as inducers produces the more impurity level than
recommendation.
Conclusion
Many of the new drugs are approved only for adjunctive
use; thus solvent trial and impurity interaction should also be
considered [3,4]. Although ideal solvent remains the mainstay for
the treatment of zero impurity, combination of solvents are used
frequently in synthesis not responding to a single media. That
can resolve the pharmacopeial status of the product development
and can give us the real picture of impurity interaction in future
studies. Water due to its high availability and low cost, it is very
interesting option in this setting. The positivity status of the
impurity was conceptualized by thin layer chromatography. The
product when retested after 15 days of product was found to be
zero impurity or negative for impurity emission. The product
continued to be negative after withdrawal of early stage impurity
treatment. The investigators claimed a functional cure in the
impurity. This finding was very significant as this functional cure
was achieved by administering early stage line synthesis drugs
by water molar. This may make it a feasible strategy for impurity
cure. Also there is a need to estimate impurity and outskirts
impurity levels through Maldit of method [5-8].
Acknowledgement
Portions of this research were done while I was a R & D Dept.
as Officer at Aarti Drugs Ltd. Tarapur MIDC Mumbai.
References
1. Keitel S (2006) Impurity Profiles in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.
EU / Swissmedic GMP Workshop Beijing University. USA.
2. Condorelli G, De Guidi G, Giulfrido S (1999) Molecular mechanisms
of photosensitization induced by drugs XII. Photochemistry and
photosensitization of rufloxacin: An unusual photodegradation
path for the antibacterials containing a fluoroquinolone like
chromophore. Photochem Photobiol 70: 280-286.
3. Federal Register (1997) International Conferences on Harmonization.
Guidance for Industry: Impurities Residual Solvents, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration, (CDER),
Q3C 1-13: 27.
4. Roy J, Islam M, Khan A H, Das S C, Akhteruzzaman M, et al. (2001)
Diclofenac Sodium Injection Sterilized by Autoclave and the Occurrence
of Cyclic Reaction Producing a Small Amount of Impurity. J Pharm Sci
90: 541-544.
5. Walker GJ A, Hogerzeil HV, Hillgreen U (1988) Lancet 2: 393.
6. Hogerzeil H V, Battersby A, Srdanovic V, Stjernstrom NE (1992) Stability
Of Essential Drugs During Shipment To The Tropics. British Medical J
304: 210-214.
7. Hoq M M, Morsheda SB, Gomes DJ (1991) Bang J Microbiology 8(1):
5-9.
8. Peter J S, Ahmed A, Yan W (2006) An HPLC chromatographic reactor
approach for investigating the hydrolytic stability of a pharmaceutical
compound. J Pharm Biomed Anal 41: 883-890.
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DOI: 10.19080/OMCIJ.2017.02.555592