The document discusses the role of the judiciary in India. It notes that India has a rule of law and an independent judicial system to enforce the law. The judiciary plays a crucial role in India's democracy by resolving disputes, interpreting the constitution, protecting fundamental rights, and acting as a check on the other branches of government. However, access to justice remains difficult for many poor citizens due to the complex legal system and long wait times for cases to be resolved.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?Navya Rai
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?
People would elect their representatives to the Parliament
One group from among these elected representatives forms the Government
The Parliament, which is made up of all representatives together, controls and guides the government.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?Navya Rai
8th std Social Science- Ch. 3 Why Do We Need A Parliament?
People would elect their representatives to the Parliament
One group from among these elected representatives forms the Government
The Parliament, which is made up of all representatives together, controls and guides the government.
Hey I am arjun ,my new powerpoint that you see ‘RULING THE COUNTRY SIDE’ is the detailed notes of the chapter 3 8 history . It consists of the notes of chapter , pictures related to the chapter .l hope you all will like my presentation.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
The making of national movement 1870s-1947s ARJUNPRATHEEP
Within about a hundred years, the British took control of almost every aspect of life in India. Many Indians began to feel that the British control had to end to make India the country for Indians.After 1850, many political associations were formed. Most of them were formed in the 1870s and 1880s. Most of these associations were led by English-educated professionals. Some of the important ones were; the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association.
How, When And Where - Class 8 - History - (Social Studies)AnjaliKaur3
This PPT explains history chapter 1 from NCERT book in a very different manner. It will be useful for students and for teachers. It contains more information apart from books and hopefully students will find it interesting as they can relate this topic by going through different examples.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
this ppt will help you to understand the concept of marginalization . The pictures, comic strip, questions etc. will help you to learn more efficiently.
Hey I am arjun ,my new powerpoint that you see ‘RULING THE COUNTRY SIDE’ is the detailed notes of the chapter 3 8 history . It consists of the notes of chapter , pictures related to the chapter .l hope you all will like my presentation.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
The making of national movement 1870s-1947s ARJUNPRATHEEP
Within about a hundred years, the British took control of almost every aspect of life in India. Many Indians began to feel that the British control had to end to make India the country for Indians.After 1850, many political associations were formed. Most of them were formed in the 1870s and 1880s. Most of these associations were led by English-educated professionals. Some of the important ones were; the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association.
How, When And Where - Class 8 - History - (Social Studies)AnjaliKaur3
This PPT explains history chapter 1 from NCERT book in a very different manner. It will be useful for students and for teachers. It contains more information apart from books and hopefully students will find it interesting as they can relate this topic by going through different examples.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
this ppt will help you to understand the concept of marginalization . The pictures, comic strip, questions etc. will help you to learn more efficiently.
The judiciary is a system of courts which interpret and apply the law. ...
The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system in which customs, securities and legislation, all codify the law of the land.
The Constitution of India secures justice to all its citizens apart from securing liberty, equality, and promoting fraternity.
Indian democracy the Supreme Court plays important role of safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens which includes providing fair justice also.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Introduction
• In India we have a rule of law
• It means that laws apply equally to all persons and
that a certain set of fixed procedures need to be
followed when a law is violated.
• To enforce this law, we have a judicial system that
consists of mechanism of courts that a citizen can
approach when a law is violated.
• As an organ of the State the Judiciary plays a
crucial role in the functioning of India's
democracy.
• It can play this role only because it is
independent.
8/6/2015 2sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com
3. What is the Role of Judiciary....
• Courts take decisions on a very large no
of issues.
• They can decide that no teacher can beat
a student, or about the sharing of river
waters between states, or they can punish
people for particular crimes.
• The work of the judiciary can be divided
into the following.
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5. • The judicial system provides a
mechanism for resolving
disputes between citizens,
between citizens and the
government, between two states
governments and between the
centre and the state
governments.8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 5
6. • As the final interpreter of the
Constitution, the judiciary also has
the power to strike down
particular laws passed by the
Parliament if it believes that these
are a violation of the basic
structure of the Constitution. This
is called JUDICIAL REVIEW.
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7. • Every Indian citizen can
approach the Supreme Court
or he High Court if they
believe that their
Fundamental rights have
been violated.
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8. • The Indian Constitution protects the
citizens against the influence of the rich and
powerful people by providing for the
independence of Judiciary.
• This is done by the ‘Separation of Powers’.
• It means that the other branches of the state
like the Legislature and the Executive –
cannot interfere in the work of the
Judiciary.
• The courts are not under the government
and do not act on their behalf.8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 8
9. • The courts are not under the Government
and do no act on their behalf.
• The Supreme Court and the High Court
Judges as appointed with very little
interference from other branches of
government.
• Once appointed it is very difficult to remove
a judge.
• It is the independence of the judiciary that
allows the courts to play a central role in
ensuring that there is no misuse of power by
the LEGISLATURE and the EXECUTIVE.8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 9
10. • It also plays a crucial role in protecting the
fundamental Rights of citizens because
anyone can approach the courts it they
believe that their rights have been violated.
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11. • There are different levels of courts in India.
• There are several courts at the lower level
while there is only one at the APEX level.
• The courts that most people interact with
are what are called SUBORDINATE or
DISTRICT COURTS.
• These are usually at the district or Tehsil
level or in towns and they hear many kinds
of cases.
• Each state is divided into districts that are
presided over by a DISTRICT JUDGE.8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 11
14. • In India we have a integrated judicial
system, meaning the decisions made by
the higher courts are binding on the
lower courts.
• Another way is through the appellate
system that exists in India.
• This means that a person can appeal to
a higher court it they believe that the
judgment passed by the lower court is
not just.
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15. There are two different
branches of legal system in
India .
1. Criminal Law
2. Civil Law
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16. • Criminal law deals with conducts or acts
that the law defines as offences. For
example. Theft harassing a woman to bring
more dowry, murder.
• It usually begin with the lodging of an FIR
(First Information Report) with the police
who investigate the crime after which a case
is filed in the court.
• If found guilty, the accused can be sent to
jail and also fined
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17. • Civil law deals with any harm or injury to
rights of individuals. For example, disputes
relating to the sale of land, purchase of goods,
rent matters, divorce cases.
• A petition has to be filed before the relevant
court by the affected party only. In a rent
matter either the landlord to tenant can file a
case.
• The court gives the specific relief asked for.
For instance, in a case between a landlord
and a tenant, a court can order the flat to be
vacated and pending rent to be paid.8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 17
18. • In principle, all citizens of India can
access the courts in this country.
• This implies that every citizen has a
right to justice through the courts.
• The courts play a very significant role in
protecting our fundamental right, if any
citizen believes that their rights are
being violated, then they can approach
the court for justice to be done.
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19. • While the courts are available for all,
in reality access to courts have always
been difficult for a vast majority of the
poor in India.
• Legal procedures involve a lot of
money and paperwork as well as take a
lot of time. For a poor person who
cannot read and whose family depends
on daily wage, the idea of going to
court to get justice often seems remote.
8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 19
20. • In response to the situation in India the
Supreme Court in the early 1980’s devised a
mechanism of Public Interest Litigation of PIL
to increase access to justice.
• It allowed any individual or organization to
file a PIL in the HIGH COURT or the
SUPREME COURT on behalf of those whose
rights were being violated.
• The legal process was greatly simplified and
even a letter or telegram addressed to the
Supreme Court or the High Court could be
treated as a PIL.
8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 20
21. • In the early years, PIL was used to secure
justice on a large number of issues such
as rescuing bonded labourers from
inhuman work conditions ; and securing
the release of prisioners in Bihar who had
been kept in jail even after their
punishment term was complete.
• The mid-day meal that children now
receive in government and government
aided schools is because of PIL.
8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 21
22. • For the common person, access to courts is
access to justice. The courts exercise a crucial
role in interpreting the Fundamental Rights of
citizens.
• There are also court judgments that people
believe work against the best interests of the
common person.
• For example - the activists who work on issues
concerning the right to shelter and housing for
the poor believe that the recent court
judgments on EVICTIONS are a far cry from
earlier judgments.8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 22
23. • The recent judgments tend to view the slum
dwellers as an encroacher in the city, earlier
judgments like the 1985 Olga Tellis vs
Mumbai Muncipal Corporation had tried to
protect the livelihoods of slum dwellers.
• Another issues that affects the common
persons access to justice is the inordinately
long years that court takes to hear a case.
The phrase ‘JUSTICE DELAYED IS
JUSTICE DENIED’ is often used to
characterise this extended time period that
court take.
8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 23
24. • However, inspite of this there is no denying
fact that the judiciary has played a crucial
role in democratic India, serving as a check
on the powers of the executive and the
legislature as well as in protecting the
fundamental Rights of citizens.
• The members of the Constituent Assembly
had quite correctly envisioned a system of
courts with an independent judiciary as a
key feature of our democracy.
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25. • In a speech made on 26th November 2007,
the former Chief Justice of India K. G.
Balakrishnan noted that. “The Indian
judiciary consists of one Supreme Court
with 26 Judges, 21 High Courts with a
sanctioned strength of 725 Judges (
working strength of 597 as on 1st March
2007) and 14,477 subordinate
Courts/Judges (working strength of 11,767
as on December 2006)
8/6/2015 sonawane11jan@rediffmail.com 25