1. Measurement and evaluation involve quantifying traits and making judgements through systematic data collection and analysis. 2. There are different scales of measurement including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales which differ in their level of precision. 3. Educational objectives should be stated in a way that is observable, specifies acceptable performance criteria, and considers the learning domain. 4. Tests are constructed by restricting content, defining outcomes, sampling items, and following principles like using tables of specification and different item types to fully but concisely assess learning.