Design of Structure

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2. Fire Classification
and
Extinguisher Selection
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7. CECE 2240 DESIGN OF STRUCTURES - 1
Understanding simple reinforced concrete structures
Design for reinforced concrete structural elements.
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/momp/reader.ac
tion?docID=1895589&ppg=29
Ref : page no 15 to 17
Page no 3 to 10

8. Design and analyze of basic
structural
Elements of reinforced concrete including:
BEAMS
SLABS
COLUMNS
FOOTINGS

9. SLABS

10. COLUMNS
RCC DETAILS OF COLUMNS

11. FOOTINGS
RCC DETAILS OF FOOTINGS

13. Beam

14. 1.1 Properties of reinforced concrete:
• Concrete essential ingredients are cement and water
• Strength of concrete depends up on the quality and quantities
• Mixed, compacted and cured.
• Concrete of different specifications
• Proportions of cement, aggregate and water.

15. Plain cement concrete:
• Plain cement concrete consists of cement, fine aggregate and
coarse aggregate.
Plain concrete possesses high compressive strength but little tensile
strength, which makes it weak in bending, shear and torsion

16. Reinforcement cement Concrete:
• Reinforcement cement concrete is a composite material made of concrete (Cement,
fine aggregate and coarse aggregate) and steel.
• Reinforced cement concrete possesses high strength both in tension and
compression. It is strong in tension, bending, shear and torsion. In reinforced
cement concrete, steel provides the tensile strength and the concrete provides the
compressive strength.

17. Advantages of reinforced cement concrete
construction:
1.High compressive strength.
2.Resistance to fire
3.Long service life
4.Water retaining structures
5.Make any shape required - precast structural components.

18. High Compressive strength

19. Resistant to fire

20. Multistoried RCC Building

21. Dams

22. Piers of the bridge

23. Footings :

24. Dis advantages of reinforced cement concrete:
1. It has low tensile strength
2. Mixing, casting and curing- affects the strength .The cost of the form works used to cast
concrete is relatively high.
3. It has a lower compressive strength than steel - large sections in columns of multistoried
building.
4. Cracks - shrinkage - live loads.

25. Failure of beam

26. Concrete mixture machine

27. Ready mix Concrete

28. Placing of concrete

29. Transporting

30. Placing

31. Framed structure

32. Cracks due to live load

33. Cracks due to shrinkage

34. Behavior under load:
Loads that act on structures can be
divided in to three categories:
(a)Dead load
(b)Live loads
(c)Environmental loads

35. Dead load and live load

36. Suspended loads
Suspended loads

38. Simple structure

39. Compressive strength of concrete

40. Properties Concrete Steel
Tensile strength Poor Good
Compressive strength Good Good, but slender means it will buckle
Shear strength Fair Good
Durability Good Corrodes if unprotected
Fire resistance Good Poor

41. Elements Properties
Beams Horizontal member carries perpendicular
load
Slabs Horizontal plate element carrying
perpendicular load
Column Vertical member carrying vertical load,
horizontal load and moment
Foundation Pads or strips used to resist vertical load,
Horizontal load and Bending moments.

42. Composite action:
• Reinforced cement concrete - concrete and steel.
• The tensile strength of concrete is only about 10 percent of the compressive strength.
• Reinforced concrete structures - steel will take the tensile load and the concrete will take the
compressive load,
• But in certain case the steel will take both compressive and tensile force.
• Bond between the interface of two materials- the reinforcing bar will slip with in the concrete and
there will not be a composite action.
• The coefficient of thermal expansion for steel and concrete are of the order of 10 x10-6/0c and
7 to 12 x10-6/0c respectively.
• This is the reason that why we are joining both steel and concrete.

43. 1.3 Three major design philosophies:
1. Working Stress Method (or) Allowable Stress Design.
2. Ultimate Load Method (or) Load Factor method.
3. Limit State Method.

44. Working stress method (WSM):
With in linear-elastic region.
Ultimate load method:
Non linear region
Limit state method:
It considers the safety at the ultimate load and serviceability at the working load.

45. Stress strain curve

46. Ultimate limit states:
Prevents collapse of structure
Gives strength to the structure
Buckling strength
Serviceability limit states:
Deflection
Cracking
Durability

47. 1.5 American society of civil engineer’s code of Ethics:
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the engineering
profession by
1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare and the
environment.
2. Being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public their employers and
clients.
3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession and
4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines.
https://www.asce.org/code-of-ethics/
https://www.asce.org/question-of-ethics-articles/apr-2008/

48. The seven canons followed by the civil engineers as the code of ethics
are as follows.
1. Safety, health and welfare of the public - professional duties.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or clients as faithful agents or trustees and
shall avoid conflicts of interest.
5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete
unfairly with others.
6. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to up hold and enhance the honor, integrity and dignity of the
engineering profession and shall act with zero tolerance for bribery, fraud and corruption.
7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and shall provide
opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their supervision.

49. 1.Cement:
1. Ordinary Portland Cement- OPC-53
2. OPC-43
3. OPC-33 grades
OPC – 53 is fast setting compared to 43 grade. 53 grade attains a minimum strength of
27MPa in 3 days as compared to only 23 MPa achieved by 43 grade.

50. Fine aggregate:
Durability, strength and workability .
Less than 4.75mm in diameter (5mm in BS code)
Coarse aggregate:
Normally 20 mm size coarse aggregate is used for the building construction and
for mass construction we can use 40 mm size aggregate.

52. Grade Mix ratio Application
Ordinary
M5
1:5:10 Plain concrete – pavement
M7.5 1:4:8 Plain concrete – pavement purpose
M10 1:3:6 Mass concrete – Pavement purpose
M15 1:2:4 Plain concrete for levelling bedding for footing, concrete roads
etc.
Standard
M20
1:1.5:3 Reinforced cement concrete slabs, beams, columns and footings.
M25 1:1:2 Reinforced cement concrete slabs, beams, columns and footings.
M30 1:1:3 Reinforced cement concrete slabs, beams, columns and footings.
M35 Mix
Design
Reinforced cement concrete slabs, beams, columns and footings.
M40 Mix
Design
Prestressed cement concrete slabs, beams, columns and footings.
M45 Mix
Design
Runways, prestressed concrete girders.
M50 Mix
Design
Runways, prestressed concrete girders.
M55 Mix
Design
Prestressed concrete girders and piers.
High
strength
M60- M80
Mix
Design
High rise building, long span bridges, spillways of dams, etc…

53. Grades Nominal sizes (mm) Tensile strength
N/mm2
Mild steel (R) 6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20
22,25,32,40 and 50
250
High yield strength
deformed bars
HYSD bars ( T,Y, H)
415,460 , 500 and 550

56. Singly and Doubly reinforced Beams

57. Steel beam

59. Reinforcement details of footing

61. Deflection of simply supported beams

76. Deflection of beams

77. ProQuest Reference
Chapter – 1:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/momp/reader.act
ion?docID=1895589&ppg=29
Page no: 15 to 17
Page no: 3 to 10
Page no: 84 to 89
Open resource reference
Chapter – 1:
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105105104/
12
Module 1 and module 2