This document describes the typical elements of a reinforced concrete (RCC) framed building. It discusses the major structural elements including the foundation/footing that transfers load to the soil, columns that support beams and transfer load to the footing, beams that transfer load between columns and support slabs, slabs that form floors and roofs, and staircases. It provides details on the reinforcement in each element including main bars and stirrups/lateral ties. Minor elements like lintels and sunshades are also covered.

1. RCC Framed building
Elements of R.C.C. Structures

2. Introduction
➔ Concrete frame structures are the most common type of
modern building.
➔ It usually consists of a frame or a skeleton of concrete.
➔ Horizontal members are beams and vertical ones are the
columns.
➔ Concrete Buildings structures also contain slabs which
are used as base, as well as roof / ceiling.
➔ Among these, the column is the most important as it
carries the primary load of the building.
1/3

3. ➔ Reinforced concrete frame structure is actually a
connected frame of members which are firmly connected to
each other.
➔ These connections are called moment connections.
➔ There are also other types of connections which include
the hinged connections that are mostly used in steel
structures, but the concrete frame structures have moment
connections in almost all of the cases.
2/3

4. ➔ The concrete framed structure should resist various loads
that act on the building during its life.
➔ These loads include Dead loads, live loads (imposed
loads), wind loads, dynamic loads and earthquake loads.
3/3

5. Typical elements of a RCC framed building -
Major Parts :
➔ Foundation (Footing)
➔ Columns
➔ Beams
➔ Slab
➔ Staircase
Minor Parts:
➔ Lintel beam
➔ Chhajja

6. Footing

7. Foundation / Footing

8. Footing
● Load is transferred to the soil through the
isolated column footing
● Reinforcement of column is tied to reinforcement of
footing
Types of Isolated footings
1. Rectangular footing
2. Trapezoidal footing
3. Stepped footing

9. Plan and section of footing
(only footing reinforcement showed)
3D view footing

10. 1 2
3

11. Typical
detailing
of plain
rectangular
footing

12. Detailing of footing in a
technical drawing

13. Beams

14. Beams

15. Beams
Horizontal, sloping or curved rcc member used for support the
slab and walls of the building
Types of Beam:
1.Simply supported beam
2.Cantilever beams
3.Continuous beams
4.Flanged beams

16. Flanged
beam
(c/s is T-
Shaped)
Types of beams

17. ➔ Function of Beam is to transfer the load from slab to the
column
➔ It is reinforced with main bars (main or Bent-up)
(details on next slides)
➔ Consists of Anchor bar at top and stirrups
(details on next slides)
➔ A uniform cover of 25 mm is provided on sides, top and
bottom of beam.
(Cover : Distance of steel bar from outer edge of beam)

18. These bars are
called ‘main
reinforcement
bars’ or simply
‘main bars’
These rings of
steel are called
as ‘stirrups’
(and ‘lateral ties’
in column)
Cross section
of the beam
(more on next
slide)
[Top bars
sometimes called
as ‘Anchor bars’]

19. These bars are
called ‘main
reinforcement
bars’ or simply
‘main bars’
These rings of
steel are called
as ‘stirrups’
(and ‘lateral
ties’ in
column)
This one
is just the
side view
of the
previous
slide

20. Continuation of sections :
There may be more
‘rings’ of steel
depending on load on
building
<- Two legged stirrups
Four legged stirrups ->

21. Now, spacing of these stirrups
Notice the spacing of stirrup at middle and at end ?
➔ Stirrups are closer near end (due to high shear force)
➔ And wider at middle (due to low shear force)

22. Last one --
Bent-up bars
Some of the bars are
bent upwards at 45°
near ends

23. It’s just the main bar, but bent-up !!
(figure shows only one such main bar)
[Note : Not all bars of bottom are bent-up, only few]

24. Okay, now we know all components of the beam.
Let’s Put it together :
Steel in RCC beam = Main reinforcement + stirrups
+ bent-up bars

25. Typical
detailing of a
RCC Beam

26. Typical
detailing of
a RCC Beam
Contd.

27. Additionally,
Typical details of beam-column joints

28. Columns

29. Columns

30. Columns
➔ It is a vertical member in a framed structure which is
provided with footing
➔ Transfer load from beam to footing or another column
➔ It consists of main bars and transverse rings, called
lateral ties (In beams, we called them stirrups)
➔ Minimum cover of 25 mm is provided to the reinforcement.
➔ Basically, columns are Beams but vertical. :D

31. Top View
Front
section
Main bars
(minimum 4)
Lateral Ties

32. Typical detailing of a RCC Beam
Image from IS 13920: Ductile detailing
of RC Frames
Here, column and beam
connection are also shown
Notice spacing of lateral ties at
middle -- They are closer

33. Slabs

34. Slabs

35. Slabs
RCC member used flat or sloping as roofs to cover the
building
Types of Slab :
1.Simply supported (one way and two way slab)
2.Continuous Slab
3.CantiliverSlab

36. One-way slab bends only
in longer direction
Two-way slab bends in
both directions

37. One-way slab is
supported by two beams
on longer side
Two-way slab is
supported by all four
sides

38. But how to know which slab is one-way or two-
way ?
Answer :
If the ratio of longer side of slab to shorter side is greater
than 2, it’s one-way slab. Otherwise, two-way.
Mathematically,
Ly / Lx > 2, for one-way slab.
Ly / Lx <= 2, for Two-way slab.

39. Other type of slabs
Continuous slabs
Spans over multiple supports
After bending

40. Cantilever slab
Have you seen it somewhere?
Yes, Balconies and chajjas
Other type of slabs

41. Let’s talk about steel in slabs !

42. Types of steel bars in slab:
Main bar
(along shorter side of one-way slab and along both side
in two-way slabs)
+
Distribution steel
(bars along longer side - - only in one-way slab)
=
Steel Mesh

43. Steel Mesh

44. Sections from both
sides are shown for
additional details
Some bars are bent-up just like in bema,
here they are called as ‘cranked bars’

45. After placing all steel,
Steel mesh will be
formed as shown

46. Staircase

47. Components of staircase

48. Landing and support of staircase

49. Typical staircase
steel detailing

50. Lintels and Chhajjas

51. Lintels and Chajjas (SUNSHADE)
➔ RCC lintels are fire proof, durable, strong, economical
and easy to construct
➔ The plain concrete lintels can be used upto span of 800
mm but RCC lintels is necessary in some form as plain
concrete lintels is weak in tension
➔ The amount of reinforcement depends on span of lintel ,
width of opening and the total load to be supported by
the lintel.

52. Lintel beam
Chhajja (Sunshade)

53. Typical steel detailing
Lintel beam Chhajja (Sunshade)

54. References

55. All construction activities in sequence -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A7_tfvt0UY

56. References
● https://www.slideshare.net/arunkurali/design-of-rcc-
lintel?qid=bdf15646-c0fb-48ca-8657-
bb50baba3fe1&v=&b=&from_search=2
● http://www.understandconstruction.com/concrete-frame-
structures.html
● https://civildigital.com/major-parts-reinforced-concrete-
buildings-framed-structures/