This document introduces referencing and why it is important. It defines referencing as providing citations for direct quotes, data, or ideas from other sources to avoid plagiarism and give credit. There are two main referencing styles - author-date which lists sources alphabetically by author in a reference list, and numerical which numbers sources in the order they appear in text. Reasons to reference include informing readers of sources used, giving credibility to arguments, and attributing theories or models to their originators. Plagiarism is defined as passing off another's work as one's own. Common knowledge and your own ideas do not need to be referenced.

1. Introduction to referencing

2. Aim To provide an understanding of what referencing is and why you should do it

3. Outcomes At the end of this session you will be able to: Recognise when to include citations in your work Identify the essentials of a complete reference Cite references using the Harvard style of referencing

4. What is a reference? reference, n . 5. a. A direction to a book, passage, etc., where certain information may be found; an indication of the author, work, page, etc., to be looked at or consulted (OED, 2008)

5. What is a reference? Can be a book, journal article, newspaper, website, diagram or any other source How it looks depends on the referencing style you are using

6. Types of referencing Author-Date Author and year of publication inserted in brackets after the quote or paraphrase Reference list at the end of your essay arranged alphabetically by author Numerical Number each quote or paraphrase in the text Reference list at the end of the essay with references in numerical order

7. Why reference To inform the reader of sources of direct quotations, data, diagrams etc When paraphrasing another author’s ideas When describing a theory or model associated with a particular author To give weight and credibility to your argument To avoid charges of plagiarism

8. Plagiarism “ The action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft” Oxford English Dictionary, 2008

9. You don’t have to reference… Your own ideas and observations Common knowledge Historical overviews Conclusions

10. Exercise Look at case scenarios given and say whether or not you would reference them You can use the examples handout as a guide

11. Any questions? Steve McIndoe [email_address] 0161 275 8730