This document provides guidelines for citing sources in research papers, including citations for books, articles, websites, and in-text citations. It explains that in-text citations must correspond to full citations in the bibliography and provides examples of formatting citations for different sources and situations, such as when citing multiple works by the same author. The document also covers paraphrasing sources and how to cite paraphrased information.

1. Citations(for your research paper)

2. Citations For Books:
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year of Publication.
Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House.
Denver: MacMurray, 1999.
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/

3. Citations For Articles:
Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Article.” Name_of journal
Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/
volume_number publishing_date: page numbers.
Medium of publication. Date of access. URL.
Rotary Electromotors.” Science 29 Apr. 2005:
642-44. Web. 5 Mar. 2009. http://www.jstor.org/
stable/43420570

4. Citations For Websites:
Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Article/Page.” Name of
Lundman, Susan. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili."
Note: if you ever can’t find a piece of
information for the citation, leave it out.
website. Name of sponsor or publisher, date of
creation. Medium of publication. Date of access. URL.
eHow. Demand Media, n.d. 25 Mar. 2010. Web. 6
July 2015. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
resource/747/08/

5. JSTOR:

6. JSTOR:

7. In-text citations:
Every in-text citation MUST match up with a full-length
citation in the bibliography of your paper.
Example: (Henley 263).
In-text citations for a book/article:
Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House.
Denver: MacMurray, 1999.
Format: (Last name page number).
“Hummingbirds are the smallest birds in the
world” (Henley 263).

8. In-text citations:
Example: (“How to Make Vegetarian Chili” 10).
In-text citations with no author:
Format: (“title” page number).
“Cauliflower makes a great substitute for beef” (“How
to Make Vegetarian Chili” 10).
"How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow. Demand Media.
25 Mar. 2010. Web. 6 July 2015. https://
owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/

9. In-text citations:
Example: Visual studies, because it is such a new
discipline, may be "too easy" (Elkins, “Visual Studies"
63). However, visual studies are “on the rise because
companies are seeking new ways to attract attention to
their products and advertisements” (Elkins, “New
Media” 23).
Citing different works by the same author:
Format: (Last name, “title” page number).
Use the author’s last name AND the title of the work
in this situation.

10. In-text citations:
Incorporated into the sentence:
If you add part of the citation in the sentence itself, you
don’t need to repeat that information in the in-text citation:
Smith mentions that “big game hunting in winter presents
additional challenges” such as “wearing snow-colored
camouflage” (54).
Jones states that “governments are regulating winter
hunting season with more restrictions” (“Hunting Alaska”
33). He also states that “these restrictions do not seem to
be hindering fans of winter hunting” (“Winter Hunts” 15).

11. Paraphrasing:
You might not always want to include a direct quote.
Instead, you can re-phrase information you learned from a
particular source. If you use information for a source, you
should STILL cite it (even if you don’t quote it!)
In her study of the roles of nurses in a critical care unit,
Chase also found a hierarchy that distinguished the roles
of experts and others. Just as the educational experts
described above do not directly teach students, the
experts in this unit do not directly attend to patients. That
is the role of the staff nurses, who, like teachers, have their
own hierarchy of seniority (156).