This document provides an overview of an introductory course on information systems and information technology. It defines key terms like information systems, information technology, data, information, and knowledge. It describes the major functions and capabilities of information systems. It also outlines different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and enterprise-wide systems that support organizational levels and business functions.

1. CIS 210: Introduction to Information Systems
Lecture Notes 01
Overview of Information Systems and
Information Technology
Prof. M. Ulema
Manhattan College, School of Business
Computer Information Systems
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 1

2. “The right information
at the right time is
nine-tenths of any battle.”
Abraham Lincoln
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 2

3. Outline
• What is an Information System?
• Functions and Capabilities of ISs
• Business Perspective
• Information Systems Literacy
• Types of Information Systems
– Supporting Organizational Levels
– Major Business Functions
– Enterprise-wide Information Systems
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 3

4. What is Information System (IS)?
• A collection of
computing systems
used by an
organization
• A set of interrelated
components that
– Collect (or retrieve),
process, store, and
distribute information
to support
• Decision making and
• Control in an
organization
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 4

5. IS is not the same as IT!
• Information System
– A collection of computing systems used by
an organization to deal with certain
information
• Information Technology
– Broadly, an organization’s collection of
information resources, their users, and the
management that oversees them
– Includes the IT infrastructure and all other
information systems in an organization
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 5

6. Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge
• Data
– Streams of raw facts representing events such as
business transactions
• Information
– Clusters of facts that are meaningful and useful to
human beings in the processes such as making
decisions
• Knowledge
– Data and/or information that have been organized and
processed to convey understanding, experience,
accumulated learning, and expertise as apply to a
current problem or activity
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 6

7. Data vs. Information: An Example
331 Brilo Dish Soap 1.29
833 BK Hill Coffee 4.99
173 Meow Cat .75
331 Brilo Dish Soap 1.29 Sales Region: Northwest
553 Cntry Ham 3.29 Store: Superstore #: 22
521 Ginger Root .85
C ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION UNITS SOLD
C 331 Brilo Dish Soap 7156
C
YTD SALES
$9,231.24
Data
Information
YTD SALES of $9,231.24 is the BEST figure we
had in past 10 years.
Knowledge
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 7

8. Major Capabilities of ISs
• Perform high-speed, high-volume, numerical
computation
• Provide fast, accurate, and inexpensive
communication within and between
organizations
• Automate both semiautomatic business
processes and manual tasks
• Store huge amounts of information in an
easy-to-access, yet small space
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 8

9. Major Capabilities of ISs (Cont.)
• Allow quick and inexpensive access to vast amount
of information, worldwide
• Facilitate the interpretation of vast amounts of data
• Enable communication and collaboration anywhere,
any time
• Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of people
working in groups in one place or in several
locations, anywhere
• Facilitate work in hazardous environment
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 9

10. Major Factors Involved in Building ISs
• An important instrument for creating
value for the organization
TE
S
CH
ION
AT NO
LO
G
NIZ
INFORMATION Y
GA
SYSTEMS
OR
MANAGEMENT
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 10

11. Organization: Major Business Functions
• Sales and marketing
• Manufacturing
• Finance
• Accounting
• Human resources
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 11

12. Management Levels
• Senior managers:
– Make long-range strategic decisions about
products and services
• Middle managers:
– Carry out the programs and plans of senior
management
• Operational managers:
– Monitor the firm’s daily activities
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 12

13. Major Technology Topics
• Computers – Hardware, Software
– Basic Architecture, Programming, Applications
• Databases – Storing and managing data
– Building, Querying, Modeling, Distributed DB
• Networks
– Internet, WWW, Communication Protocols
• Security
– Secrecy, Anonymity, Electronic Payments, Firewalls
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 13

14. IS Types - Overview
ESS Senior
IS TYPES
Managers GROUPS
SERVED
DDS, MIS Middle
Managers
KWS, Office Knowledge and
Systems Data Workers
TPS Operational
Managers
Sales Manufac Finance Accounting Human
FUNCTIONAL
Marketing turing Resources
AREAS
IS TYPES
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 14

15. Organizational Level ISs
Input Processing Output Supports
Executive Support Aggregate Interactive Projections Strategic long term
data decision making
Systems (ESS)
Decision Support Low volume Interactive Decision Complex, non-routine
data analysis decision making
Systems (DSS)
Management High volume Simple models Summary Routine decision
data reports making in functional
Information areas
Systems (MIS)
Knowledge Work Design Modeling Designs, Creating, gathering,
specs graphics organizing, integrating,
Systems (KWS) and disseminating of an
Office Systems organization knowledge
Transaction Daily routine Record and Summaries Collecting, organizing,
transactions store for other and disseminating data
Processing ISs and information
Systems (TPS)
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 15

16. Payroll TPS
TPS Example
Payroll TPS
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 16

17. MIS Example
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 17

18. DSS Example
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 18

19. FUNCTIONAL SPECIFIC ISs
Systems Major Functions
Sales and Sales management, Market research,
Marketing Promotion, Pricing, New products
Systems
Manufacturing Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving,
and Production engineering, operations
Systems
Financing and Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost
Accounting accounting
Systems
Human Resources Personnel records, benefits, compensation,
Systems labor relations, training
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 19

20. CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 20

21. Enterprise-Wide Information Systems
• Serve several departments or entire enterprise
– Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems
– Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
– Knowledge Management (KWM) Systems
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 21

22. Supply Chain Management
• Links and coordinates the activities involved
in buying, making, and moving a product
• Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor,
and customer logistics time
• Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory
costs
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 22

23. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems
• Manages all ways used by firms to deal with
existing and potential new customers
• Uses information system to coordinate entire
business processes of a firm
• Consolidates customer data from multiple sources
and provides tools for answering questions
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 23

24. Knowledge Management (KWM) Systems
• Creating knowledge
• Discovering and codifying knowledge
• Sharing knowledge
• Distributing knowledge
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 24

25. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
• Integrating all data and processes of an
organization into a unified system
• Key ingredient: a unified database to
store data for the various system modules
• Typical modules in an ERP System:
– Supply Chain Management (SCM), Customer
Relationship Management (CRM), Finance,
Manufacturing, Human Resources
CIS 110 Fall 2012 Prof. Ulema Intro - 25