The document discusses information management systems and their importance in organizations. It covers topics such as the definition of information technology, characteristics of useful information, the role of management information systems in planning, organizing, controlling operations and using resources effectively. It also summarizes the basic functions of computer information systems, including computer operations, system programming, data management, and end-user computing. Lastly, it outlines some of the challenges in managing information systems, such as overcoming resistance to change and enabling employees to use new systems.

1. Information Management Systems
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2. Information Technologies (IT)
Manual and electronic means for creating and
handling intellectual capital and facilitating
communication—as they relate to an
information system.
On June 5, 2000, the Commerce Department
said that the information technology industry is
the number one driver of the American
economy.
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3. Data Include Such Things As
Sales figures Costs
Inventory items and
quantities
Customer Government
complaints statistics
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4. Seven Characteristics of Useful
Information
 Understandable—presented in a suitable form
 Reliable—accurate, consistent with fact, and verifiable
 Relevant—pertains to a manager’s area of responsibility
and is essential
 Complete—contains all the facts that a manager needs to
make decisions and solve problems
 Concise—just enough, omitting material that is not needed
 Timely—available when needed, in real time when
possible
 Cost-effective—created and disseminated at a reasonable
cost
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5. Top-Level Managers Need Information On
Economic Technological
conditions innovations
Competitor Progress of
s operational
units
Legal and
political Customers’ needs for
developments and acceptance of the
products and services
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6. Management Information
System (MIS)
 A subsystem within an organization’s IS designed to serve the
specific information needs of all decision makers
 A formal collection of processes provides managers with the
quality of information they need to:
– Make decisions
– Solve problems
– Implement change
– Create effective and efficient working environments
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7. Information Provided Through
MIS Helps To
Plan Organize Staff
Control Properly use
Lead
operations resources
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8. MIS For An
Oil Company
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9. Developing an IS and MIS
Begins With
A task force or committee is formed.
An inventory is taken of equipment on hand.
Machine capabilities along with those of their
support personnel are determined.
The organization’s culture and climate must be analyzed.
A survey of current information practices is conducted.
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10. MIS Guidelines
 Involve users in the system’s design.
 Establish clear lines of authority and leadership for the IS
personnel.
 Establish clear procedures for gathering, sorting, interpreting,
displaying, storing, and distributing data and for interacting with
the system.
 Where technical specialists are used, ensure that both they and the
people they support fully understand each specialist’s function and
roles.
 Build an IS and MIS staff.
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11. Basic Core
Equipment of
Any CIS
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12. The Basic Functions of a CIS
Function Description
Computer Operations Runs the system; involves starting jobs, mounting the proper
input and output volumes, and responding to problem
conditions
System Programming Installs and maintains the operating system and associated
system software
Data Entry Entering data in machine-readable form
Application Program Writing new application systems
Development
Application Program Correcting and updating existing application systems
Maintenance
Data Management Assuring data security, access, integrity, and usability
Communications Configuring and maintaining the network
Management
End-User Computing Helping and educating users
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13. End-User Computing, Collateral Problems
The first problem concerns control.
The first problem concerns control.
A second problem concerns possible duplication of
A second problem concerns possible duplication of
expensive software and hardware.
expensive software and hardware.
The third problem lies in orderly, authorized access to
The third problem lies in orderly, authorized access to
both the organization’s systems and to its database.
both the organization’s systems and to its database.
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14. Databases:
Organizations’ Most Valuable Assets
Loss or
impairment May be
may shut created
down the internally
enterprise Accessing
outside
databases can
be useful but
expensive
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15. Computer Hardware Consists Of
Central
Input devices processing unit
(CPU)
Control
unit
Storage
Output devices
devices
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16. Protocol
 Rules and standards for transferring information between
computers
 Most common TCP/IP protocols
– SMTP for email
– NNTP for Usenet news groups
– FTP for file transfer
– DNS for servers exchanging directions with each other
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17. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 The capability of computers to
– Learn
– Sense
– Think for themselves
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18. Branches of AI Include:
• Voice-recognition systems
• Speech synthesis programs
• Computer vision
• Neural networks
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19. Group Decision Support System
Allows a group focusing on a problem to interact with one another
Used to exchange information, Used in brainstorming and
data, and ideas problem-solving sessions
Used to facilitate conferencing of all kinds
Requires networking and meetingware or groupware software programs
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20. EIS Uses Include
Performing risk
Forecasting and cost-benefit Running business
analyses game situations
Strategic planning Linear
programming
Monitoring
Monitoring critical success
quality, factors and Social
productivity, and stakeholder responsibility
ethics expectations efforts
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21. Managing Information Systems
Four Basic Challenges
 Overcome resistance to the new and different
 Enable employees to use the system
 Decide what operations to keep and what to
outsource
 Evaluate the results of the system’s operations
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22. Overcoming Resistance,
Traditional Functional Organizations
Find it difficult to
change the ways in
which information is
gathered and shared
Impede the flow
Have too many
of and access to
levels and filters
information
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