Cinematic rendering (2).pptx
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Cinematic rendering is a novel 3D rendering technique that produces more realistic visualizations of CT image data compared to traditional volume rendering. It uses techniques from computer animation like high dynamic range rendering maps to generate natural lighting environments. This provides more depth and form perception in the visualized images. Cinematic rendering has applications in areas like surgical planning, medical education, and patient communication. It also provides advantages like aiding early illness identification and more accurate diagnoses.
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The document discusses x-ray grids, which are devices placed between the patient and film/detector to reduce scattered radiation reaching the film. Grids are made of thin lead strips separated by interspacing material like carbon or aluminum. They work by absorbing most scattered radiation, which travels obliquely to the lead strips, while allowing primary rays to pass through the interspaces. This increases image contrast. Grids are characterized by their ratio, frequency, contrast improvement factor, and type of movement (parallel, focused, moving). Moving grids are commonly used as they provide the benefits of a fine grid without visible grid lines.
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1- R/G Quality
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We must obtain as much diagnostic information as possible about the internal structures of the patient.
Radiographic quality depends on radiographic density, contrast, and geometric factors that affect detail and definition.
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Detail is good if structural and contour lines of the object are sharp.
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1- R/G Quality
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Radiographic quality depends on radiographic density, contrast, and geometric factors that affect detail and definition.
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Detail means degree of sharpness or definition of an object on a radiograph.
Detail is good if structural and contour lines of the object are sharp.
Factors:i) Geometric factors
ii) Intensifying screens
iii) Motion of the patient, film and X-ray tube
iv) Differential absorption of X-rays
v) Double emulsion of the film
vi) Radiographic mottle
vii) Exposure factors used
viii) Film processing
ix) Scatter radiation and fog
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Radiographic density is defined as the degree of blackness, or “darkness,” on a radiograph.
An important concept to remember is that x-rays make radiographic film black.
Black areas on a developed radiograph are produced by deposits of metallic silver in the film emulsion that result from exposure to x-rays and their subsequent processing.
Density is influenced by the quantity and quality of the x-ray beam, as well as the type and thickness of the tissue under examination.
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A technique chart prevents the need for second radiographs due to inappropriate exposure factors.
Santes’ rule: Calculation for determining an approximate amount of kilovoltage (kVp) necessary for a given anatomic area on the basis of measurement and the grid being used:
(2×tissue thickness in cm)+source-image distance(FFD)+grid factor = kVp.
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Source-image distance (SID) / FFD
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factor affecting quality of radiograph
This document discusses factors that affect the quality of radiographic images. It identifies factors related to the x-ray beam, the object being imaged, the image receptor, and the positioning of the object. Key factors of the x-ray beam include kilovoltage, milliampere, exposure time, filtration, distance, focal spot size, and collimation. Object-related factors include thickness and density. Image receptor factors involve film speed, processing, and storage. Proper positioning ensures the x-ray beam is perpendicular to both the object and film to avoid distortions. Together, controlling these various technical and positioning factors helps optimize radiographic image quality.
radiology-image-characteristics
The x-ray beam is also at an angle to both
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radiograph of the mandibular first molar below, the
buccal root appears elongated and narrower than the
palatal root due to the angulation of the x-ray beam.
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Rad phy digital radiography
Digital radiology involves digitally capturing and processing radiographic images. It has advantages over conventional film radiography like digital images can be processed, transmitted electronically, and archived. There are different types of digital detectors like computed radiography plates and flat panel detectors using indirect or direct conversion. Digital images use a pixel matrix and discrete grey levels rather than continuous analogue values. PACS and RIS systems are also part of the digital radiology department for image storage, retrieval and management of patient information.
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The document summarizes the history and development of computed tomography (CT) scanning technology. It describes the key events and innovations such as the development of the first CT scanner by Godfrey Hounsfield in 1972 (1), the introduction of whole body scanning in 1975 (2), and Hounsfield and Cormack being awarded the Nobel Prize in 1979 (3). Subsequent generations of CT scanners incorporated improvements like faster scanning speeds, multiple detectors, and eliminating moving parts to enable ultra-fast scanning.
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Basic principle of CT and generation of CT.pptx
presentation of basic principle of CT and generation of CT
Imaging in periodontics
This document discusses various imaging techniques used in periodontics, including radiography, digital radiography, subtraction radiography, panoramic imaging, CT scans, MRI, and bone scanning. Radiography is described as the most common and important technique for assessing periodontal disease as it provides information on bone levels, furcation involvement, and other factors. Digital radiography provides advantages over traditional films such as instant viewing and reduced radiation exposure.
Cbct in endodontics ppt
This document provides an overview of the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontics. It discusses the role of imaging in endodontics, compares 2D and 3D imaging, describes the principles and types of CBCT equipment, and reviews the clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and radiation dosage of CBCT. Key applications of CBCT in endodontics include evaluation of root canal anatomy, detection of apical periodontitis, assessment of root canal treatment outcomes, and pre-surgical planning.
Cone beam ct
CBCT provides high resolution 3D imaging of the maxillofacial region with lower radiation dose compared to medical CT. It has become an important tool in dentistry since its introduction in the late 1990s. CBCT works by taking X-ray images of the head from different angles and using complex algorithms to reconstruct 3D volumetric images. While it offers advantages over 2D imaging, CBCT is also subject to various artifacts from beam hardening, metal objects, and patient movement. Proper use and understanding of these limitations is important for accurate interpretation of CBCT scans.
Basics in ct
Computed tomography (CT) was developed by Godfrey Hounsfield to overcome limitations of conventional radiography and tomography. It uses X-rays and radiation detectors coupled with a computer to create cross-sectional images of the body. The first clinically useful CT scanner was installed in 1971. CT provides more accurate diagnostic information than conventional radiography by producing 3D representations of internal structures rather than 2D collapsed images.
CBCT in dental practice
This document discusses cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and its applications in dental practice. CBCT provides sub-millimeter resolution images of the maxillofacial skeleton in a fraction of the time and radiation dose of conventional CT. It allows reconstruction of 3D volumetric data into multiplanar reformatted images. Specific applications discussed include implant planning, pathology assessment, temporomandibular joint imaging, and orthodontics. Advanced display modes like curved planar reformation and volume rendering provide familiar views useful for clinical evaluation and measurement.
CBCT IN IMPLANTOLOGY.pptx
CBCT provides high-resolution 3D imaging with significantly less radiation exposure compared to medical CT. It allows visualization of detailed bony anatomy and assessment of bone quality and dimensions, which is essential for accurate implant planning and placement. CBCT imaging can evaluate the maxillary sinus, mandibular canal, alveolar bone height and width, and other anatomic structures to determine optimal implant size, position, and surgical approach. When combined with computer-guided surgery, CBCT facilitates precise placement of implants according to the presurgical plan.
CT SCAN - 3 Marks - QUESTION AND ANSWERS
The document contains questions and answers about various topics related to CT scans. It includes definitions and explanations of ring artifacts, HRCT techniques, image reconstruction methods, CT numbers, scintillation detectors, pixels, radiation profile width in CT collimators, CT number, resolution types, mass attenuation coefficient, parallel multi-hole collimators, low dose CT scans, CT guided biopsies, and CT artifacts. The document consists of questions from several students on technical aspects of computed tomography imaging.
medical equipment lec 6 CT scan
CT scanners produce cross-sectional images of the body by using X-rays from different angles to reconstruct tomographic slices. CT scanners rotate an X-ray tube and detector array around the patient, measuring attenuation profiles along rays. These projection data are reconstructed using filtered back projection to produce images with improved contrast compared to radiography but some artifacts. Advances like spiral CT allow faster full-volume imaging but increase patient dose. CT provides anatomical detail but cannot replace modalities like MRI for all clinical needs.
CBCT; In Clinical Orthodontic Practice
CBCT has become an important tool in clinical orthodontics for providing 3D information. It was developed due to increasing demand for 3D data from conventional CT scans. This article discusses CBCT technology and its various uses in orthodontics such as detection of facial asymmetry, assessment of mandibular shape and growth, localization of impacted teeth, evaluation of root resorption and airway changes. CBCT allows more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning compared to 2D radiographs and has largely replaced conventional records in digital orthodontic records.
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Cinematic rendering (2).pptx
- 2. 10cm What is Cinematic rendering? 1 Volume Rendering vs. Cinematic rendering 2 Applications 3 Post-Processing 4 Advantages 5 Influences 6 Table of contents 2 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 4. 10cm What is Cinematic Rendering? Cinematic Rendering is a Novel three dimensional rendering algorithm which produces realistic visualizations of CT image data (Eid, et.al., 2017). 4 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 5. 10cm Development of Cinematic Rendering ● This new idea in the field of radiography came from the computer-based animation programs used in the entertainment industry (Dappa, Et.al, 2016). ● Siemens Healthineers used this information in the field of health care. They tried to use animations they had seen in the media to make CT imaging images look more real. 5 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 6. 10cm An Advancement from Volume Rendering 6 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 8. 10cm 1. Based on the notion of one light ray per pixel 2. The final pixel is determined only by the light characteristics of the voxels along the light ray leading to that pixel. 3. Focuses on increasing depth and form perception Cinematic Rendering Volume Rendering 1. Uses high dynamic range rendering maps to produce a natural lighting environment 2. More realistic three- dimensional images. 8 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 9. 10cm 9 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 11. 10cm 1 Ref X-Ray Exp / Surgical Planning Student Education Patient Education and Communication Disease Detection
- 12. 10cm 12 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 13. 10cm Post- Processing 4 13 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 14. 10cm 14 Ref X-Ray Exp / Post Processing tools may be used to produce, alter, and improve the final image. ● View Options ● Mask and clip plane
- 15. 10cm 15 Ref X-Ray Exp / After Before
- 18. 10cm Pre-interventional planning Early illness identification More accurate diagnosis’ 18 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 19. 10cm 19 Ref X-Ray Exp / Comparable views of a ruptured tectorial and anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (arrow) seen on a spine MRI scan (a) and a cinematically rendered spine CT scan (b, c). Cinematically rendered images based on patient CT scans viewed using different presets for skin, muscle, bone, and vasculature (from left to right). All images courtesy of Dr. Savvas Nicolaou.
- 20. 10cm 20 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 21. 10cm 21 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 22. 10cm Influences in the Radiology World 6 22 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 23. 10cm Capable of enhanced modeling elements Shadows Ambient occlusion Multi-scattering Color Transmittance 23 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 24. 10cm Conclusions Cinematic rendering, a progressive 3D reconstruction technique. It shows imaging data in a way that looks like real life, and it may be more useful for diagnosing problems than volume rendering. It also makes for a more natural and physically accurate picture with better form and depth perception. This new way of thinking could be the start of virtual anatomical viewing. 24 Ref X-Ray Exp /
- 25. 10cm References 25 Ref X-Ray Exp / ● Dappa, E., Higashigaito, K., Fornaro, J., Leschka, S., Wildermuth, S., & Alkadhi, H. (2016, September 15). Cinematic rendering – an alternative to volume rendering for 3D computed tomography imaging - PMC. PubMed Central (PMC); www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5110476/#:~:text=Cinematic%20renderi ng%20is%20a%20novel,quality%20of%20high%20density%20structures. ● Rowe, S. P., Fritz, J., & Fishman, E. K. (2017, September 12). CT evaluation of musculoskeletal trauma: initial experience with cinematic rendering - Emergency Radiology. SpringerLink; link.springer.com. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10140-017-1553-z ● Sarangi, P. K. (n.d.). Cinematic rendering | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Cinematic Rendering | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org; radiopaedia.org. Retrieved July 17, 2022, from https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cinematic- rendering?lang=us ● FDA clears cloud-based cinematic rendering software from IMS. (2021, April 28). AuntMinnie.Com; www.auntminnie.com. https://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=ser&sub=def&pag=dis&ItemID=132248