Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
describes the etiopathogenesis , clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis and management and prophylaxis of all important viral lesions affecting the oral cavity
Adenoviruses, papillomaviruses, parvoviruses and polymovirusesNCRIMS, Meerut
Adenoviruses, papillomaviruses, parvoviruses and polymoviruses are Double stranded DNA Viruses except parvoviruses. Adenoviruses are non enveloped icosahedral symmetry.
AIDS stands for: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections.
Since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s, an unprecedented number of people have been affected by the global AIDS epidemic. Today, there are an estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV and AIDS worldwide.
http://www.pediatricdentists.blogspot.com
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
7. z
2. Non – Infectious causes
3. Malignancy • Leukaemia/ Lymphoma
• Meningeal gliomatosis
• Metastatic Ca of Breast
• Metastatic Ca of Lung
• Metastatic Ca of Prostate
• Epidermoid tumour
• Cranio-pharyngoma
4. Chemical Sub-arachnoid injections
NSAIDs
TMP – SMX
10. z
COMPLICATIONS
1. Hydrocephalus
2. Cranial neuropathies
3. Radiculopathy ( Bannwarth’s syndrome)
4. Cognitive decline
5. Personality changes
6. Specific to the causative factor
11. z
Approach to a patient - History
1. Contact with TB
2. Weight loss/ night sweats/ loss of appetite
3. Sexual history – syphilis, HIV
4. Travel to endemic area – parasitic/ lymes/ fungal
IN INDIA – TUBERCULOSIS IS ALWAYS A DIFFERENTIAL !
12. z
Approach to a patient - History
5. H/o medication - NSAIDs
6. Unpasteurized milk – Brucella
7. Meat-packing industry/ cows/ sheep - Brucella
8. Recurrent oral/ genital ulcers – Bechet’s
9. Tick exposure, erythema marginans – Lyme’s
13. z
Approach to a patient - History
11. Contact with birds – cryptococcosis
12. Exposure to bats / avian habitats – histoplasmosis
13. H/o cancer – neoplastic meningitis
14. Immuno-compromised state – HIV, TB
- Cryptococcus
- Fungal infections
21. z
B) Significant edema in left posterior frontal lobe.
A) Focal meningeal enhancement in the left frontal lobe
with surrounding edema.
22.
23. z
Clues to diagnosis - TBM
1. Bacilli seed to meninges – make tubercles : “Rich focus”
2. Tubercles rupture into SA-space – causing meningitis
3. H/o contact
4. Pulmonary/ abdominal symptoms
5. PPD/ Montaux – can be negative in 50-65%
6. O/E : cranial nerve palsy – 6th nerve
7. Vasculitic infarcts
24. z
Clues to diagnosis - TBM
1. CSF AFB smear : positive in 10-20%
2. CSF culture : 40-90%
3. Concurrent sputum AFB culture positive in : 14-50%
4. Decreasing CSF glucose levels on serial LP’s , without
treatment, may also suggest TBM
25. z
Clues to diagnosis - Cryptococcal
1. Immuno-compromised host/ HIV
2. h/o high dose corticosteroid therapy
3. Usually sub-acute onset, progressive
4. However, maybe rapid progression in HIV+
5. CSF lymphocytosis 40-400
6. CSF india ink + in 50%
7. Cryptococcal antigen + 85%
26. z
Clues to diagnosis - Syphilis
1. Treponema pallidum
2. Sexual exposure
3. Genital ulcers
4. CNS invasion occurs early in non-treated cases
27. z
Treatment
1. According to aetiological agent
2. Empirical therapy:
• 1/3rd patients do not have a definite causative agent
• Serology test results take time
• Monitor response to therapy
• Continue diagnostic efforts
3. ATT :
• Should always be considered
• Endemic in India
28. z
Treatment
4. ATT with steroids :
• Unless severe symptoms, avoid steroids
• Discontinue ATT if no response even after 4-6 weeks
5. Empirical Anti-fungal :
Azoles
Only if clinical features strongly suggestive
6. Steroids alone :
o Only if infectious cause has been ruled out
o May be auto-immune
o Upto 50% response rates reported