Chlorination in pools
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•157 views
Chlorine in the forms of calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite is commonly used to disinfect swimming pools. When added to water, chlorine reacts to form hypochlorous acid, which kills bacteria and pathogens. The reaction results in an equilibrium of chlorine, hypochlorous acid, and hydrochloric acid depending on pH, with hypochlorous acid partially dissociating into hydrogen and hypochlorite ions at higher pH levels.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chlorination in pools
Chlorine in the form of calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite is commonly used to disinfect pools. When added to water, chlorine reacts to form hypochlorous acid which kills bacteria and pathogens. The reaction of chlorine and water results in an equilibrium of chlorine, hypochlorous acid, and hydrochloric acid that depends on the pH of the water.
Ch 17sec3
This document summarizes key concepts about aqueous solutions, including:
- Solutions contain a solvent and one or more solutes
- Ionic compounds generally dissolve well in water due to ion separation through solvation
- "Like dissolves like" - polar substances dissolve in water and nonpolar substances do not
- Electrolytes conduct electricity in solution while nonelectrolytes do not
- Hydrates contain water within their crystalline structure.
AQUEOUS REACTIONS
This document discusses properties of aqueous solutions and acid-base reactions. It describes how ionic compounds and electrolytes dissolve in water, forming ions that are solvated. Precipitation reactions that form insoluble products are explained. Strong and weak acids and bases are defined, and neutralization reactions that produce salts and water are covered. Some acid-base reactions evolve gas as one of the products.
Reactions in aqueous solution
This document discusses reactions that occur in aqueous solutions. It explains that ionic compounds dissociate in water into their component ions due to water's polar nature. Conductivity is defined as a solution's ability to conduct electricity, with electrolytes able to conduct due to containing free ions. The three main types of reactions that occur in solutions are precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, and redox reactions. Precipitation reactions form an insoluble precipitate when ions react, while acid-base reactions involve an acid and base reacting to form a salt and water. Redox reactions involve electron transfer between substances.
Chapter 14.1 : Compounds in Aqueous Solutions
1) Ionic compounds dissolve in water by dissociating into their constituent ions. For example, NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in water.
2) Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, dissociates into 2 Al3+ and 3 SO42- ions when dissolved in water, producing a total of 5 moles of ions from 1 mole of the compound.
3) Precipitation reactions occur when opposite ions combine to form an insoluble ionic compound. For example, combining solutions of (NH4)2S and Cd(NO3)2 will produce the insoluble precipitate CdS.
Reactions in aqeous solutions
Grade 10 Physical Sciences
Based on Andries Oliviers' CAPS aligned textbook
Focus area: Reactions in aqueous solutions
Hydrogen
Hydrogen has many applications in biological systems, pharmaceuticals, and other areas. It is the most abundant element in the universe and is found in water. Hydrogen is used to produce ammonia and other intermediates used in fertilizers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Some see hydrogen as a potential clean fuel of the future. Hydrogen is also present in various pharmaceutical preparations like hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and boric acid that are used as antacids, disinfectants, and more. Isotopes of hydrogen like deuterium and tritium are used in medical research and imaging.
6. halides
Halides are compounds formed between halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) and metals. They have many industrial, medical, and household applications. Halides can be identified by their reaction with silver nitrate solution to form precipitates of insoluble silver halides. The hydrogen halides are colorless gases with hydrogen fluoride having an unexpectedly high boiling point due to hydrogen bonding between H-F molecules. Larger halide ions are more reactive reducing agents as their outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and more easily donated.
Recommended
Chlorination in pools
Chlorine in the form of calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite is commonly used to disinfect pools. When added to water, chlorine reacts to form hypochlorous acid which kills bacteria and pathogens. The reaction of chlorine and water results in an equilibrium of chlorine, hypochlorous acid, and hydrochloric acid that depends on the pH of the water.
Ch 17sec3
This document summarizes key concepts about aqueous solutions, including:
- Solutions contain a solvent and one or more solutes
- Ionic compounds generally dissolve well in water due to ion separation through solvation
- "Like dissolves like" - polar substances dissolve in water and nonpolar substances do not
- Electrolytes conduct electricity in solution while nonelectrolytes do not
- Hydrates contain water within their crystalline structure.
AQUEOUS REACTIONS
This document discusses properties of aqueous solutions and acid-base reactions. It describes how ionic compounds and electrolytes dissolve in water, forming ions that are solvated. Precipitation reactions that form insoluble products are explained. Strong and weak acids and bases are defined, and neutralization reactions that produce salts and water are covered. Some acid-base reactions evolve gas as one of the products.
Reactions in aqueous solution
This document discusses reactions that occur in aqueous solutions. It explains that ionic compounds dissociate in water into their component ions due to water's polar nature. Conductivity is defined as a solution's ability to conduct electricity, with electrolytes able to conduct due to containing free ions. The three main types of reactions that occur in solutions are precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, and redox reactions. Precipitation reactions form an insoluble precipitate when ions react, while acid-base reactions involve an acid and base reacting to form a salt and water. Redox reactions involve electron transfer between substances.
Chapter 14.1 : Compounds in Aqueous Solutions
1) Ionic compounds dissolve in water by dissociating into their constituent ions. For example, NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in water.
2) Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, dissociates into 2 Al3+ and 3 SO42- ions when dissolved in water, producing a total of 5 moles of ions from 1 mole of the compound.
3) Precipitation reactions occur when opposite ions combine to form an insoluble ionic compound. For example, combining solutions of (NH4)2S and Cd(NO3)2 will produce the insoluble precipitate CdS.
Reactions in aqeous solutions
Grade 10 Physical Sciences
Based on Andries Oliviers' CAPS aligned textbook
Focus area: Reactions in aqueous solutions
Hydrogen
Hydrogen has many applications in biological systems, pharmaceuticals, and other areas. It is the most abundant element in the universe and is found in water. Hydrogen is used to produce ammonia and other intermediates used in fertilizers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Some see hydrogen as a potential clean fuel of the future. Hydrogen is also present in various pharmaceutical preparations like hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and boric acid that are used as antacids, disinfectants, and more. Isotopes of hydrogen like deuterium and tritium are used in medical research and imaging.
6. halides
Halides are compounds formed between halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) and metals. They have many industrial, medical, and household applications. Halides can be identified by their reaction with silver nitrate solution to form precipitates of insoluble silver halides. The hydrogen halides are colorless gases with hydrogen fluoride having an unexpectedly high boiling point due to hydrogen bonding between H-F molecules. Larger halide ions are more reactive reducing agents as their outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and more easily donated.
Water and it's Properties
Water has a chemical formula of H2O and is made up of oxygen bonded with two hydrogen atoms. It has several unique physical properties including having a higher boiling point than other hydrides, expanding when freezing, and high surface tension and heat capacity. Water is also a universal solvent due to its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds. It can dissolve many ionic compounds by disrupting the bonds between ions. Water molecules also undergo self-ionization through the dissociation of H2O into hydronium and hydroxide ions, which gives water its ability to act as an acid or base.
Hydrogen Presentation
Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic number and mass of 1. It was discovered in 1766 in London by Henry Cavendish and exists as a clear, odorless gas that is highly flammable. Hydrogen has various industrial and household uses and is found commonly in water and other compounds.
Su dien li
The document discusses electrolytes and nonelectrolytes in solutions. It defines an electrolyte as a substance whose aqueous solutions contain ions, while a nonelectrolyte does not form ions in solution. Electrolytes include strong acids, bases, and most salts, while nonelectrolytes include molecular substances like C12H22O11. Strong electrolytes exist in solution completely as ions, while weak electrolytes exist mostly as neutral molecules with only a small fraction as ions. Examples of strong and weak electrolytes are provided.
Hydrogen and its Compounds
This presentation is about Hydrogen, isotopes of Hydrogen, its preparation, properties and Uses. And aslo you can able to learn some of the compounds of Hydrogen like Water, Hard and soft water, removal of temporary hardness by Clark's method and removal of Permanent hardness using zeolites, Heavy water, Hydrogen peroxide with its properties, structure and Uses. Hydrides and Hydrogen bonding are explained with its types.
Hydrides and its classification #MCQ
Hydrides are binary compounds formed when hydrogen reacts with other elements. They are classified into three types: covalent/molecular hydrides, ionic/saline hydrides, and metallic hydrides. Covalent hydrides are volatile, have low melting/boiling points, and include methane, ammonia, and water. Ionic hydrides are crystalline solids like lithium hydride and have high melting/boiling points. Metallic hydrides occupy spaces in metal crystal lattices and include titanium hydride. Hydrides are also classified based on their electron configurations as electron-rich, electron-precise, or electron-deficient.
Acid and base
Acids and bases can be classified based on their strength. Strong acids and bases fully dissociate in solution, while weak acids and bases only partially dissociate. The strength of an acid or base depends on factors like the polarity and stability of the conjugate ions. Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons between substances. The pH scale quantifies the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, relating acidity to the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. Salts are formed by the neutralization of acids and bases.
Acid base concepts
This document discusses different theories of acids and bases:
1) Arrhenius theory defines acids as substances that produce H+ ions in aqueous solution and bases as substances that produce OH- ions. Neutralization occurs via reaction of H+ and OH- to form H2O.
2) Bronsted-Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. Acid-base reactions involve proton transfer.
3) Lewis theory defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors. Lewis acid-base reactions involve sharing of electron pairs to form adducts. Common examples include formation of hydronium ion and metal-ligand complexes.
Ionic equilibria | chemical equilibria |Types of electrolyte |Degree of disso...
It discusses about equilibrium,chemical equilibrium,ionic equilibrium,electrolytes,types of electrolyte,s degree of dissociation,percent dissociation.
Types of reactions year 10
Here are the types of reactions and balanced equations for the examples given:
1. Single displacement: Cu + 2AgNO3 → 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
2. Double displacement: Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2 + 2KNO3
3. Combustion: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
4. Decomposition: ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
5. Combination: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
6. Combination: Zn + O2 → ZnO
Chapter15
This document provides an overview of chapter 15 on acids and bases. It begins with an outline of the key concepts and sections to be covered, including the Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases. It then discusses acid and base strengths, factors that influence strength, and the concepts of conjugate acid-base pairs and amphiprotic species. Another section covers self-ionization of water and how pH is defined and calculated. Learning objectives are provided for each major topic.
VCE Chemistry Acids & Bases Concentration v Strength
This document discusses the distinction between the strength and concentration of acids and bases. It defines strength as the degree of dissociation, with strong acids and bases completely dissociating in solution and weak ones only partially dissociating. Concentration refers to the number of moles of acid or base per volume of solution. A solution can be highly concentrated but still contain a weak acid or base that only partially dissociates, or be weakly concentrated but contain a strong acid or base that fully dissociates. The document provides examples of calculating dissociation for sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide to illustrate these concepts.
ACID BASE THEORY
This document discusses different definitions of acids and bases that were proposed over time:
1. Lavoisier defined acids as containing oxygen. Liebig later defined acids as containing hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal.
2. Arrhenius defined acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution and bases as substances that produce hydroxide (OH-) ions.
3. Brønsted and Lowry defined acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors in acid-base reactions, forming conjugate acid-base pairs.
4. Lewis expanded the definition to include electron pair donors and acceptors in both aqueous and non-aqueous reactions.
It also discusses
H bonding
Hydrogen bonding occurs between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative element like fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, and another electronegative atom with an unshared pair of electrons. There are two types of hydrogen bonding: intermolecular, which occurs between molecules, and intramolecular, which occurs within a single molecule and can form rings. Properties like boiling point, solubility, and acidity are affected by whether hydrogen bonding is intermolecular or intramolecular.
Chapter 15.3 : Acid - Base Reactions
This document discusses acid-base reactions and concepts including:
- Conjugate acids and bases are the species that remain after an acid donates or a base accepts a proton.
- Stronger acids have weaker conjugate bases, and stronger bases have weaker conjugate acids. Reactions favor production of weaker acid/base pairs.
- Amphoteric compounds can act as both acids and bases, such as water and ammonia.
- Hydroxyl groups can make compounds acidic, basic, or amphoteric depending on other factors like electronegativity.
- Strong acid-strong base neutralization involves complete ionization to hydronium and hydroxide ions which then neutralize to form water.
Hydrogen ppt
Hydrogen has three common isotopes - protium, deuterium, and tritium. It was discovered over 200 years ago and can exist as a colorless, odorless gas or in compounds such as ionic hydrides, covalent hydrides, and metallic hydrides. Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in water's unusual properties and is important for biological processes like DNA structure.
ALL ABOUT OF HYDROGEN IN A PRESENTATION
This document provides information about hydrogen for a chemistry seminar. It discusses the discovery of hydrogen, its physical and chemical properties, how it is produced, stored, and its reactions. It also covers hydrogen's position in the periodic table and the properties of its three naturally occurring isotopes: protium, deuterium, and tritium.
Chemistry - Chp 11 - Chemical Reactions - PowerPoint
This document summarizes key points from a chemistry textbook chapter on chemical reactions. It describes the five major types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion. It explains how to identify the type of reaction based on the reactants and how to write and balance chemical equations. It also discusses precipitation reactions in double replacement reactions in aqueous solution and the activity series for predicting single replacement reactions.
Chapter 13 chemical reactions
This chapter discusses chemical reactions and their principles. It introduces chemical equations and how they must be balanced to satisfy the law of mass conservation. Reactions can be exothermic or endothermic depending on whether energy is released or absorbed. Reaction rates depend on factors like concentration, temperature, and catalysts. Acids donate protons while bases accept them. pH is a measure of acidity. Acid rain forms from air pollution while oceans are basic. Oxidation involves losing electrons while reduction involves gaining them. Batteries and fuel cells use redox reactions to generate electricity through oxidation and reduction at electrodes. Electrolysis and corrosion are types of redox reactions.
Apresto
El documento presenta una serie de ejercicios de lenguaje y motricidad fina para niños. Incluye instrucciones para realizar movimientos con diferentes partes del cuerpo como brazos, manos, boca y lengua. También contiene actividades para trabajar conceptos como el orden temporal, espacial, clasificación, segmentación fonémica y reconocimiento de letras y palabras.
IE UDLA twitter
Las redes sociales como Twitter utilizan términos como "seguir", "retweetear" y "hashtag" para permitir a los usuarios conectarse y compartir información de manera fácil y rápida.
นาย ศุภกร ม่วงจุ้ย
This document discusses the evolution of information technology over time, from early tools like the slide rule and word processing, to the modern concept of information technology (IT). It outlines six key stages in the development of IT: (1) Pre-Mechanical, (2) Mechanical, (3) Electromechanical, (4) Electronic, (5) Digital, and (6) Modern IT.
Limiting reactant
The document describes how many traditional Hawaiian leis can be made from the available supplies of flowers and plants. It is determined that the limiting reactant is the Hanakumara flowers, as only 100 leis can be made before running out of those flowers, even though there is excess of the other materials. While the calculation shows 100 leis could theoretically be made, the actual yield is 97 leis due to some dead flowers, resulting in a 97% percent yield.
More Related Content
What's hot
Water and it's Properties
Water has a chemical formula of H2O and is made up of oxygen bonded with two hydrogen atoms. It has several unique physical properties including having a higher boiling point than other hydrides, expanding when freezing, and high surface tension and heat capacity. Water is also a universal solvent due to its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds. It can dissolve many ionic compounds by disrupting the bonds between ions. Water molecules also undergo self-ionization through the dissociation of H2O into hydronium and hydroxide ions, which gives water its ability to act as an acid or base.
Hydrogen Presentation
Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic number and mass of 1. It was discovered in 1766 in London by Henry Cavendish and exists as a clear, odorless gas that is highly flammable. Hydrogen has various industrial and household uses and is found commonly in water and other compounds.
Su dien li
The document discusses electrolytes and nonelectrolytes in solutions. It defines an electrolyte as a substance whose aqueous solutions contain ions, while a nonelectrolyte does not form ions in solution. Electrolytes include strong acids, bases, and most salts, while nonelectrolytes include molecular substances like C12H22O11. Strong electrolytes exist in solution completely as ions, while weak electrolytes exist mostly as neutral molecules with only a small fraction as ions. Examples of strong and weak electrolytes are provided.
Hydrogen and its Compounds
This presentation is about Hydrogen, isotopes of Hydrogen, its preparation, properties and Uses. And aslo you can able to learn some of the compounds of Hydrogen like Water, Hard and soft water, removal of temporary hardness by Clark's method and removal of Permanent hardness using zeolites, Heavy water, Hydrogen peroxide with its properties, structure and Uses. Hydrides and Hydrogen bonding are explained with its types.
Hydrides and its classification #MCQ
Hydrides are binary compounds formed when hydrogen reacts with other elements. They are classified into three types: covalent/molecular hydrides, ionic/saline hydrides, and metallic hydrides. Covalent hydrides are volatile, have low melting/boiling points, and include methane, ammonia, and water. Ionic hydrides are crystalline solids like lithium hydride and have high melting/boiling points. Metallic hydrides occupy spaces in metal crystal lattices and include titanium hydride. Hydrides are also classified based on their electron configurations as electron-rich, electron-precise, or electron-deficient.
Acid and base
Acids and bases can be classified based on their strength. Strong acids and bases fully dissociate in solution, while weak acids and bases only partially dissociate. The strength of an acid or base depends on factors like the polarity and stability of the conjugate ions. Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons between substances. The pH scale quantifies the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, relating acidity to the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. Salts are formed by the neutralization of acids and bases.
Acid base concepts
This document discusses different theories of acids and bases:
1) Arrhenius theory defines acids as substances that produce H+ ions in aqueous solution and bases as substances that produce OH- ions. Neutralization occurs via reaction of H+ and OH- to form H2O.
2) Bronsted-Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. Acid-base reactions involve proton transfer.
3) Lewis theory defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors. Lewis acid-base reactions involve sharing of electron pairs to form adducts. Common examples include formation of hydronium ion and metal-ligand complexes.
Ionic equilibria | chemical equilibria |Types of electrolyte |Degree of disso...
It discusses about equilibrium,chemical equilibrium,ionic equilibrium,electrolytes,types of electrolyte,s degree of dissociation,percent dissociation.
Types of reactions year 10
Here are the types of reactions and balanced equations for the examples given:
1. Single displacement: Cu + 2AgNO3 → 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
2. Double displacement: Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2 + 2KNO3
3. Combustion: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
4. Decomposition: ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
5. Combination: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
6. Combination: Zn + O2 → ZnO
Chapter15
This document provides an overview of chapter 15 on acids and bases. It begins with an outline of the key concepts and sections to be covered, including the Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases. It then discusses acid and base strengths, factors that influence strength, and the concepts of conjugate acid-base pairs and amphiprotic species. Another section covers self-ionization of water and how pH is defined and calculated. Learning objectives are provided for each major topic.
VCE Chemistry Acids & Bases Concentration v Strength
This document discusses the distinction between the strength and concentration of acids and bases. It defines strength as the degree of dissociation, with strong acids and bases completely dissociating in solution and weak ones only partially dissociating. Concentration refers to the number of moles of acid or base per volume of solution. A solution can be highly concentrated but still contain a weak acid or base that only partially dissociates, or be weakly concentrated but contain a strong acid or base that fully dissociates. The document provides examples of calculating dissociation for sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide to illustrate these concepts.
ACID BASE THEORY
This document discusses different definitions of acids and bases that were proposed over time:
1. Lavoisier defined acids as containing oxygen. Liebig later defined acids as containing hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal.
2. Arrhenius defined acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution and bases as substances that produce hydroxide (OH-) ions.
3. Brønsted and Lowry defined acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors in acid-base reactions, forming conjugate acid-base pairs.
4. Lewis expanded the definition to include electron pair donors and acceptors in both aqueous and non-aqueous reactions.
It also discusses
H bonding
Hydrogen bonding occurs between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative element like fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, and another electronegative atom with an unshared pair of electrons. There are two types of hydrogen bonding: intermolecular, which occurs between molecules, and intramolecular, which occurs within a single molecule and can form rings. Properties like boiling point, solubility, and acidity are affected by whether hydrogen bonding is intermolecular or intramolecular.
Chapter 15.3 : Acid - Base Reactions
This document discusses acid-base reactions and concepts including:
- Conjugate acids and bases are the species that remain after an acid donates or a base accepts a proton.
- Stronger acids have weaker conjugate bases, and stronger bases have weaker conjugate acids. Reactions favor production of weaker acid/base pairs.
- Amphoteric compounds can act as both acids and bases, such as water and ammonia.
- Hydroxyl groups can make compounds acidic, basic, or amphoteric depending on other factors like electronegativity.
- Strong acid-strong base neutralization involves complete ionization to hydronium and hydroxide ions which then neutralize to form water.
Hydrogen ppt
Hydrogen has three common isotopes - protium, deuterium, and tritium. It was discovered over 200 years ago and can exist as a colorless, odorless gas or in compounds such as ionic hydrides, covalent hydrides, and metallic hydrides. Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in water's unusual properties and is important for biological processes like DNA structure.
ALL ABOUT OF HYDROGEN IN A PRESENTATION
This document provides information about hydrogen for a chemistry seminar. It discusses the discovery of hydrogen, its physical and chemical properties, how it is produced, stored, and its reactions. It also covers hydrogen's position in the periodic table and the properties of its three naturally occurring isotopes: protium, deuterium, and tritium.
Chemistry - Chp 11 - Chemical Reactions - PowerPoint
This document summarizes key points from a chemistry textbook chapter on chemical reactions. It describes the five major types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion. It explains how to identify the type of reaction based on the reactants and how to write and balance chemical equations. It also discusses precipitation reactions in double replacement reactions in aqueous solution and the activity series for predicting single replacement reactions.
Chapter 13 chemical reactions
This chapter discusses chemical reactions and their principles. It introduces chemical equations and how they must be balanced to satisfy the law of mass conservation. Reactions can be exothermic or endothermic depending on whether energy is released or absorbed. Reaction rates depend on factors like concentration, temperature, and catalysts. Acids donate protons while bases accept them. pH is a measure of acidity. Acid rain forms from air pollution while oceans are basic. Oxidation involves losing electrons while reduction involves gaining them. Batteries and fuel cells use redox reactions to generate electricity through oxidation and reduction at electrodes. Electrolysis and corrosion are types of redox reactions.
What's hot (18)
Ionic equilibria | chemical equilibria |Types of electrolyte |Degree of disso...
Ionic equilibria | chemical equilibria |Types of electrolyte |Degree of disso...
VCE Chemistry Acids & Bases Concentration v Strength
VCE Chemistry Acids & Bases Concentration v Strength
Chemistry - Chp 11 - Chemical Reactions - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 11 - Chemical Reactions - PowerPoint
Viewers also liked
Apresto
El documento presenta una serie de ejercicios de lenguaje y motricidad fina para niños. Incluye instrucciones para realizar movimientos con diferentes partes del cuerpo como brazos, manos, boca y lengua. También contiene actividades para trabajar conceptos como el orden temporal, espacial, clasificación, segmentación fonémica y reconocimiento de letras y palabras.
IE UDLA twitter
Las redes sociales como Twitter utilizan términos como "seguir", "retweetear" y "hashtag" para permitir a los usuarios conectarse y compartir información de manera fácil y rápida.
นาย ศุภกร ม่วงจุ้ย
This document discusses the evolution of information technology over time, from early tools like the slide rule and word processing, to the modern concept of information technology (IT). It outlines six key stages in the development of IT: (1) Pre-Mechanical, (2) Mechanical, (3) Electromechanical, (4) Electronic, (5) Digital, and (6) Modern IT.
Limiting reactant
The document describes how many traditional Hawaiian leis can be made from the available supplies of flowers and plants. It is determined that the limiting reactant is the Hanakumara flowers, as only 100 leis can be made before running out of those flowers, even though there is excess of the other materials. While the calculation shows 100 leis could theoretically be made, the actual yield is 97 leis due to some dead flowers, resulting in a 97% percent yield.
3 mejorar el_clima_de_clase
Este documento presenta varias actividades para desarrollar habilidades sociales básicas en niños. Las actividades se enfocan en potenciar la empatía, desarrollar habilidades interpersonales, fomentar el conocimiento mutuo y favorecer nuevas relaciones entre los estudiantes. Algunas actividades incluyen juegos para que los niños aprendan más los unos de los otros, hagan cumplidos a sus compañeros y expresen sentimientos a través de dibujos y cartas.
Aspire of Western New York
Keith Pillich supports Aspire of Western New York, an organization that traces its origins to 1947 when a woman named Mary Moss and others formed the Cerebral Palsy Association of Western New York to help families of children with cerebral palsy like Sherwood Moss. The association grew over the years and broadened its services and geographic reach. In 2003, it changed its name to Aspire of Western New York to reflect serving people with various neurological conditions beyond just cerebral palsy. Today Aspire provides clients with services including education, employment assistance, recreation, healthcare, and living options.
Twitter
Las redes sociales como Twitter utilizan términos como "seguir", "retweetear" y "hashtag" para conectar a las personas y facilitar la conversación pública sobre temas de interés compartido.
Kozmetika ETANI akcia 25perc. zlava na vsetko http://www.etani.sk/sk/znizena...
ZĽAVA 25% na všetko!!!
Poštovné ZADARMO cez Zásielkovňu!
Len do konca mája!
http://www.etani.sk/sk/znizena-cena
Viewers also liked (9)
Kozmetika ETANI akcia 25perc. zlava na vsetko http://www.etani.sk/sk/znizena...
Kozmetika ETANI akcia 25perc. zlava na vsetko http://www.etani.sk/sk/znizena...
Similar to Chlorination in pools
BCH 201 Water.pdf
Water is essential for life and has unique properties that allow it to solvate molecules and influence biomolecular structure. Its ability to ionize slightly into hydronium and hydroxide ions is important for metabolic reactions and maintaining pH balance. Buffers like bicarbonate help organisms regulate pH within a narrow viable range despite ingesting acids and bases.
Explain Hydrogen with its Isotopes.pdf
After learning this article you will be able to answer the questions related:
1- Hydrogen
2- Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table
3- Atomic Hydrogen
4- Molecular Hydrogen
5- Hydrogen Ion
6- Hydrogen Bond
7- dipole-dipole forces
8- Isotopes of Hydrogen
9- Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
For more information visit the given link https://physicochemics.com/category/chemistry/
body fluids (water, acid, base and buffers).pptx
Water is a polar molecule made of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom in a covalent bond. It has many unique properties including being a universal solvent, having high surface tension and specific heat, and exhibiting strong cohesion and adhesion. These properties arise from water's polar nature and hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Buffers help maintain pH and resist changes upon addition of acids or bases through acid-base reactions between their components. The body maintains pH levels through important buffer systems including bicarbonate, phosphate, and proteins that buffer cellular fluids and blood.
B2 3
Water makes up a large percentage of living organisms and plays several important roles. It is a polar molecule that forms hydrogen bonds, giving it properties like being an excellent solvent, temperature regulator, and lubricant that are beneficial for life. Biological systems also rely on maintaining precise pH levels, which is influenced by acids, bases, and buffers. Buffers help stabilize pH by neutralizing excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions through various chemical reactions important for biological functions.
The Chemistry Of Life
Water molecules are polar and can form hydrogen bonds, giving water cohesive properties. Water also adheres to other molecules through adhesion. Buffers in the body work to maintain pH levels. The most important blood buffer is bicarbonate and carbon dioxide, which act to donate or accept hydrogen ions and keep pH balanced. Disruptions to the bicarbonate-carbon dioxide system can cause acidosis if carbon dioxide is too high or bicarbonate too low, or alkalosis if the reverse occurs. The lungs and kidneys also help regulate blood pH.
BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER .Raveesh.pptx
Water has unique properties like polarity, hydrogen bonding, and anomalous behavior that arise from its molecular structure and allow it to act as the universal solvent for biological molecules and reactions. Its ability to ionize and act as both an acid and base through donation or acceptance of protons enables water to buffer pH changes and participate in metabolic pathways. The high heat of vaporization and specific heat of water also make it essential for regulating temperatures in living organisms.
BIOCHEMISTRY@ ACID, BASE & SALT
The document discusses the properties of water, acids, bases, and salts. It explains that water can act as both an acid and a base by donating or accepting hydrogen ions, which results in an equilibrium of hydronium and hydroxide ions. Acids are defined as substances that donate hydrogen ions in water, and are classified based on their dissociation ability and composition, while bases accept hydrogen ions and include alkalis that are soluble in water. Different types of salts are also classified based on whether they are normal, acidic, or basic.
Explain how water interacts with the following types of compounds to.pdf
Explain how water interacts with the following types of compounds to influence their water
solubility.
1.Compounds that can hydrogen bond
2. Compounds that are polar but cannot hydrogen bond
3. Compounds that are non-polar
4. Compounds that dissociate into cations and anions.
Thank you so much.
Solution
Compounds that can hydrogen bond
Water tends to disassociate into H+ and OH- ions. In this disassociation, the oxygen retains the
electrons and only one of the hydrogens, becoming a negatively charged ion known as
hydroxide. Pure water has the same number (or concentration) of H+ as OH- ions. Acidic
solutions have more H+ ions than OH- ions. Basic solutions have the opposite. An acid causes an
increase in the numbers of H+ ions and a base causes an increase in the numbers of OH- ions.
Water, which not only dissolves many compounds but also dissolves more substances than any
other liquid, is considered the universal solvent. A polar molecule with partially-positive and
negative charges, it readily dissolves ions and polar molecules. Water is therefore referred to as a
solvent: a substance capable of dissolving other polar molecules and ionic compounds.
The charges associated with these molecules form hydrogen bonds with water, surrounding the
particle with water molecules. This is referred to as a sphere of hydration, or a hydration shell,
and serves to keep the particles separated or dispersed in the water.
Compounds that dissociate into cations and anions.-When ionic compounds are added to water,
individual ions interact with the polar regions of the water molecules during the dissociation
process, disrupting their ionic bonds. Dissociation occurs when atoms or groups of atoms break
off from molecules and form ions. Consider table salt (NaCl, or sodium chloride): when NaCl
crystals are added to water, the molecules of NaCl dissociate into Na+ and Cl– ions, and spheres
of hydration form around the ions. The positively-charged sodium ion is surrounded by the
partially-negative charge of the water molecule\'s oxygen; the negatively-charged chloride ion is
surrounded by the partially-positive charge of the hydrogen in the water molecule.
Compounds that are polar and non-polar-
-Since many biomolecules are either polar or charged, water readily dissolves these hydrophilic
compounds. Water is a poor solvent, however, for hydrophobic molecules such as lipids.
Nonpolar molecules experience hydrophobic interactions in water: the water changes its
hydrogen bonding patterns around the hydrophobic molecules to produce a cage-like structure
called a clathrate. This change in the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the water solvent causes the
system\'s overall entropy to greatly decrease, as the molecules become more ordered than in
liquid water. Thermodynamically, such a large decrease in entropy is not spontaneous, and the
hydrophobic molecule will not dissolve.
-Polar substances tend to dissolve well in other polar substances, but not nonpolar substances,
whil.
Campbell6e lecture ch2
This document discusses several key properties of water that make it an excellent solvent for biochemical reactions. It explains that water is polar due to polar bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This polarity allows water to interact with ionic compounds and polar molecules through ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions, dissolving them. Water also forms hydrogen bonds that contribute to its unique solvent properties and the structure of biological molecules like DNA and proteins.
Acidsandbases 120223093455-phpapp01(1)
This document provides information about acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that donate protons and bases as those that accept protons, according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory. Examples of strong acids that ionize completely in water are provided. Acids and bases are both electrolytes that form ions and conduct electricity in water. The pH scale is introduced as a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, with lower pH indicating higher acidity.
section 3, chapter 2
This document summarizes key concepts about chemical reactions, acids and bases, and chemical components of cells. It discusses how catalysts lower the activation energy of reactions without being consumed; how acids and bases dissociate in water to release ions; how pH measures hydrogen ion concentration and blood pH is tightly regulated; and the main inorganic substances in cells including water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inorganic salts.
Acids and bases
1. The document discusses acids and bases, including their definitions and properties.
2. An acid is defined as a proton donor, donating hydrogen ions (H+) in water. A base is a proton acceptor, accepting hydrogen ions.
3. Common strong acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which fully ionize in water.
Disinfection
This document discusses disinfection methods used to treat water. It lists the members of the Disinfection Group and explains that disinfection is necessary to kill pathogens in water and prevent waterborne diseases. The document then discusses various pathogens and the diseases they cause. It explains that the goal of disinfection is to reduce microorganisms to a safe level and lists some requirements of effective disinfectants. The document summarizes various disinfection methods including chlorine, bromine, iodine, ozone, ultraviolet light, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Acid Base pH & Buffer in Biology
This document discusses acids, bases, pH, and buffers. It defines acids as substances that donate hydrogen ions (H+) in water, raising the H+ concentration and making the solution acidic. Bases are defined as substances that accept H+ ions, lowering the H+ concentration and making the solution basic. The pH scale quantifies how acidic or basic a solution is based on the concentration of H+ ions, with lower pH indicating higher acidity. Buffers are discussed as mixtures that can absorb added H+ or OH- ions to minimize changes to pH.
Topic 08 introduction
This document provides an introduction to acids and bases, including:
1) How acids and bases are defined according to the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories. Acids donate protons while bases accept protons.
2) Examples of strong acids like HCl and weak acids like acetic acid. Strong acids fully dissociate in water while weak acids only partially dissociate.
3) The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration from 0-14, with lower values being more acidic and higher more basic. Neutral solutions have a pH of 7.
Water and pH lecture Note .pptx
1. The document discusses water and pH, including the importance of water for life, its unique properties, and its roles as a solvent and reactant in biochemical reactions.
2. It describes the pH scale and how pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, with acidic solutions having high H+ and alkaline solutions having high OH-.
3. Tight regulation of pH and water balance is critical for cellular functions and homeostasis, as pH affects enzyme activity, solute transport, and macromolecular structure.
Water - The Life Giving Liquid
Water is essential for life on Earth. It is the most abundant liquid and covers over 70% of the planet. Water is essential for photosynthesis and respiration, the two key reactions that sustain life. It acts as a solvent and transports nutrients, wastes, and heat around organisms. Water's unique properties, including its high heat capacity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, allow it to remain liquid over a wide range of temperatures on Earth. Its polarity allows it to dissolve many other polar substances. Water's hydrogen bonding gives it high melting and boiling points compared to other molecules of similar size.
DOC-20191001-WA0001.pptx
This document discusses several key properties of water including its molecular structure, hydrogen bonding abilities, and role in biological systems. Water is a polar molecule that can form up to four hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules. This extensive hydrogen bonding is responsible for water's unusually high melting and boiling points. Water also interacts with solutes through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, determining whether a substance is soluble. These weak interactions are crucial for the structure and function of macromolecules. The document also covers water's role in acid-base chemistry including its autoionization and the pH scale.
Bio ch02 chemistry basis
All living things are made up of atoms that interact and bond together. There are 92 naturally occurring elements, but only 6 - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur - make up 98% of living organisms. Atoms consist of a nucleus with protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. Elements bond through ionic bonds by gaining or losing electrons or through covalent bonds by sharing electrons. Water has unique properties that allow life to exist on Earth, including a high heat capacity and heat of vaporization due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Compounds dissolve in water through a process called solubility that depends on whether they are polar or nonpolar like water.
Similar to Chlorination in pools (20)
Water treatment study ,a method to purify waste water
Water treatment study ,a method to purify waste water
Explain how water interacts with the following types of compounds to.pdf
Explain how water interacts with the following types of compounds to.pdf
Recently uploaded
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdf
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSSEvent Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challenges
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Creative Web Design Company in Singapore
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing
Satta Matka Kalyan Main Mumbai Fastest Results
Satta Matka ❋ Sattamatka ❋ New Mumbai Ratan Satta Matka ❋ Fast Matka ❋ Milan Market ❋ Kalyan Matka Results ❋ Satta Game ❋ Matka Game ❋ Satta Matka ❋ Kalyan Satta Matka ❋ Mumbai Main ❋ Online Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Tips ❋ Milan Chart ❋ Satta Matka Boss❋ New Star Day ❋ Satta King ❋ Live Satta Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Company ❋ Indian Matka ❋ Satta Matka 143❋ Kalyan Night Matka..
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying Them
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYC
Use our simple KYC verification guide to make sure your Binance account is safe and compliant. Discover the fundamentals, appreciate the significance of KYC, and trade on one of the biggest cryptocurrency exchanges with confidence.
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto Rico
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto RicoCorey Perlman, Social Media Speaker and Consultant
Social media for business Call 8867766396 Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta batta Matka 420 Satta...
CALL 8867766396 SATTA MATKA | DPBOSS | KALYAN MAIN BAZAR | FAST MATKA | DPBOSS GUESSING | TARA MATKA | KALYAN CHART | MATKA BOSS
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...
Dive into the steadfast world of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the grounded, stable, and logical nature of Taurus individuals, and explore their key personality traits, important dates, and horoscope insights. Learn how the determination and patience of the Taurus sign make them the rock-steady achievers and anchors of the zodiac.
Digital Transformation Frameworks: Driving Digital Excellence
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Schedule Unveiled
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdf
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
一比一原版新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【新西兰奥塔哥大学毕业证（otago毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Recently uploaded (20)
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdf
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdf
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challenges
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challenges
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYC
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYC
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto Rico
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto Rico
Call 8867766396 Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta batta Matka 420 Satta...
Call 8867766396 Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta batta Matka 420 Satta...
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...
Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...
Digital Transformation Frameworks: Driving Digital Excellence
Digital Transformation Frameworks: Driving Digital Excellence
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Chlorination in pools
- 2. The most popular pool disinfectant is the element chlorine, in the form of a chemical compound such as calcium hypochlorite (a solid) or sodium hypochlorite (a liquid). When the compound is added to the water, the chlorine reacts with the water to form various chemicals, most notably hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorous acid kills bacteria and other pathogens that survive in water.
- 3. When chlorine is added to water, it reacts to form a pH dependent equilibrium mixture of chlorine, hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid: Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + HCl Depending on the pH, hypochlorous acid partly dissociates to hydrogen and hypochlorite ions: HOCl → H + ClO
- 4. The molecule H2O is a bent shaped molecule. It is like this because there are two unshared electrons on the oxygen molecule. This makes the molecule polar.
- 5. Water has Hydrogen Forces, which are Intermolecular Forces that are stronger than London Forces, but weaker than Dipole Forces and Ionic Forces.