The document discusses chlorination, defining it as a halogenation reaction involving chlorine, particularly in water treatment. It outlines the three steps of chlorination—initiation, propagation, and termination—along with the reactions with methane, benzene, and alkenes, and notes that catalysts like aluminum chloride and iron chloride are used. Additionally, it highlights that chlorination produces chlorobenzene and is exothermic, emphasizing the importance of chlorine as a disinfectant in water.

1. Designed By:-
Qasim Javed

2.  Chlorination may be reffered as :-
 Chlorination reaction:-
It is halogenation reaction
by using chlorine.
 Water chlorination:-
It is a method of water
treatment by adding chlorine to water.
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3.  Reaction with Methane (CH4).
 Reaction with Benzene(C6H6).
 Reaction with Alkenes and Alkynes.
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4.  Three steps involved in it :-
 Initiation:-
Initiation is the breakage of bond
between the chlorine molecule (Cl2).
 Propagation:-
Methyl radical is formed by
combining chlorine radical to hydrogen on
methane and chlorine recombines with methyl
radical to give CH3Cl.
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5.  Termination:-
In the termination steps, all the remaining
radicals combine (in all possible manners) to form more product
(CH3Cl), more reactant (Cl2) and even combinations of the two
methyl radicals to form a side product of ethane (CH3CH3).
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7.  It involves substitution and also addition
reactions.
 The catalyst used is either aluminum
chloride(AlCl3) or iron chloride(FeCl3) .
 This reaction occurs at room tamperature and
in the presence of ultraviolet radiations.
 Thus reaction of benzene with chlorine gives
Chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl).
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8. Or
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9.  It occurs in the presence of ultraviolet
radiation or in the presence of sunlight.
 Breakage of delocalized Pi bonds.
 Chlorine is added to each carbon atom.
 Hexachlorocyclohexane is formed.
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10.  They contain double bond.
 The reaction is exothermic and
The products are more stable then
Alkenes.
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–C = C – – C – C–

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CH2Cl2

12.  It is most commonly used disinfectant in water.
 Water chlorine undergoes the following
reactions:-
Cl2 + H2O HOCl + HCl
 HOCl and OCl- provide free available chlorine.
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HOCl H+ + OCl-