Chitra presentation on schizophrenia
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The document summarizes information about schizophrenia, including its causes, types, symptoms, and treatment. It describes schizophrenia as a psychotic condition characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotions, and social withdrawal. The causes may be biological like excess dopamine or genetic factors. There are different types such as paranoid, undifferentiated, and catatonic. Symptoms include muttering, irritability, laughing to self, not sleeping well, thought disturbances, and social impairment. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms and improving coping mechanisms.
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Schneider outlined three features of healthy thinking and five features of formal thought disorder. Delusions are firm, fixed beliefs not based on reality that are not amenable to rational arguments. Delusions can be categorized as bizarre, non-bizarre, mood-congruent, or mood-neutral. Causes include genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. Major types include primary delusions involving mood/atmosphere, perception, memory, or ideas of awareness, as well as delusions of grandeur, persecution, or somatic concerns. Delusions can occur in psychiatric illnesses like brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, dementia, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and postpartum psychosis.
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Schizophrenia
1. The document discusses schizophrenia, including its definition, causes, symptoms, and classifications.
2. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that causes psychosis and impairs a person's ability to think clearly and relate to others.
3. It is characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotions and behavior, and can include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech or behavior.
Delusions
Delusions are beliefs that are firmly held but on inadequate grounds and are not affected by rational argument or evidence. They are not conventional beliefs for a person's cultural background and education level. Primary delusions occur suddenly without other abnormal mental events, while secondary delusions arise from previous abnormal ideas or experiences like hallucinations or mood disorders. Related phenomena include delusional moods, perceptions, and memories. Shared delusions between two people are called folie à deux. Common delusional themes include persecution, reference, grandeur, guilt, worthlessness, control of thoughts, and religious or sexual beliefs.
Disorders of perception
The document discusses various types of disorders of perception and thought. It describes sensory distortions and deceptions that can occur. It also defines and provides examples of illusions and hallucinations. Regarding thought disorders, it discusses disorders of content such as delusions and overvalued ideas. It also covers disorders of possession like obsessions and disorders of continuity such as perseveration and thought block.
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur, as well as auditory hallucinations. Symptoms include paranoia from beliefs that one is being harmed, hearing voices, and seeing things that do not exist. These symptoms are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and require lifelong treatment including antipsychotic drugs, though there is no cure.
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Schizophrenia
1. The document discusses schizophrenia, including its definition, causes, symptoms, and classifications.
2. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that causes psychosis and impairs a person's ability to think clearly and relate to others.
3. It is characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotions and behavior, and can include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech or behavior.
Delusions
Delusions are beliefs that are firmly held but on inadequate grounds and are not affected by rational argument or evidence. They are not conventional beliefs for a person's cultural background and education level. Primary delusions occur suddenly without other abnormal mental events, while secondary delusions arise from previous abnormal ideas or experiences like hallucinations or mood disorders. Related phenomena include delusional moods, perceptions, and memories. Shared delusions between two people are called folie à deux. Common delusional themes include persecution, reference, grandeur, guilt, worthlessness, control of thoughts, and religious or sexual beliefs.
Disorders of perception
The document discusses various types of disorders of perception and thought. It describes sensory distortions and deceptions that can occur. It also defines and provides examples of illusions and hallucinations. Regarding thought disorders, it discusses disorders of content such as delusions and overvalued ideas. It also covers disorders of possession like obsessions and disorders of continuity such as perseveration and thought block.
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Schizophrenia is characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur, as well as auditory hallucinations. Symptoms include paranoia from beliefs that one is being harmed, hearing voices, and seeing things that do not exist. These symptoms are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and require lifelong treatment including antipsychotic drugs, though there is no cure.
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Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. Emil Kraepelin originally identified the disorder in 1896 and called it "dementia praecox" but Eugene Bleuler renamed it "schizophrenia" in 1911 to emphasize the splitting of cognitive and affective functioning. There are two main types - reactive or acute schizophrenia which seems to be triggered by life events and has a better prognosis, and process schizophrenia which has a more gradual onset associated with social isolation. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, lack of emotions, and difficulty sustaining relationships.
Schizophrenia
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Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by hallucinations or delusions that cause people to perceive or interpret things differently from reality. Common symptoms include delusions where a person believes untrue things, like colleagues trying to kill them, and hallucinations where a person sees or hears things that are not there, such as voices. Having both delusions and hallucinations can severely disrupt a person's thinking, behavior, and emotions. Research finds that around 3 in 100 people will experience at least one psychotic episode in their lifetime, though psychosis typically develops between ages 15-30.
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Christina, a 44-year-old woman, was arrested for harassing a local television newscaster, asserting he had fathered and taken her child. However, there was no evidence of a relationship and the newscaster denied it. Christina maintained her delusional belief with extraordinary conviction despite no signs of hallucinations, mood disorder, or organic illness. Her delusional beliefs had existed for years and involved fantasizing about a relationship with the newscaster that did not exist in reality. This case demonstrates a primary delusion arising de novo that is held with unusual conviction and not amenable to logic despite the absurdity being apparent to others.
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Presentation of schizophrenia as in a simple way
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Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that affects about 1% of people worldwide, deteriorating personal, social, and occupational functioning through strange perceptions, disturbed thought processes, unusual emotions, and motor abnormalities. It causes symptoms like auditory hallucinations, disorganized thinking, paranoia, delusions, and disorganized speech. Schizophrenia is diagnosed based on symptoms and can be of five main types, and both biological and psychological factors may contribute to its causes and treatment may involve medications and therapy.
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SCHIZOPHRENIA for B.Sc (Nsg).docx
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The document discusses three major psychological explanations of schizophrenia:
1) The psychodynamic approach suggests abnormality is caused by unresolved conflicts between the ID, Ego and Superego that have been repressed.
2) The behavioural approach proposes that schizophrenia develops as abnormal behaviors are positively reinforced through attention, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy of deviance.
3) The cognitive approach argues faulty thinking processes like selective attention and working memory underlie schizophrenia symptoms like inability to filter stimuli and think clearly.
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Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. Emil Kraepelin originally identified the disorder in 1896 and called it "dementia praecox" but Eugene Bleuler renamed it "schizophrenia" in 1911 to emphasize the splitting of cognitive and affective functioning. There are two main types - reactive or acute schizophrenia which seems to be triggered by life events and has a better prognosis, and process schizophrenia which has a more gradual onset associated with social isolation. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, lack of emotions, and difficulty sustaining relationships.
Schizophrenia
The document discusses the history of schizophrenia from ancient times to modern day. It describes how schizophrenia was first identified as a distinct mental illness in 1887 by Emil Kraepelin. The term "schizophrenia" was coined in 1911 by Eugen Bleuler to describe symptoms of fragmented thinking and perception. It also provides statistics on the prevalence of schizophrenia and discusses potential causes like genetics, brain abnormalities, and environmental factors.
Hallucinations_-dr Hareesh Krishnan
This document defines and classifies hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions that occur without external stimuli. Hallucinations are categorized by sensory modality (auditory, visual, etc.), complexity, organization, and reality value. Neuroimaging research has found that auditory hallucinations are associated with reduced grey matter in language processing areas of the brain and altered connectivity between these areas and regions involved in control. Current models propose that hallucinations result from overactivity in sensory processing regions combined with weakened top-down control.
Schizophrenia Presentation
The document provides an overview of schizophrenia including its symptoms, diagnosis, misconceptions, potential causes, and treatment options. It discusses the positive and negative symptoms as well as psychomotor symptoms used to diagnose schizophrenia based on the DSM-IV criteria. Potential causes mentioned include genetics, environment, biochemical abnormalities, and abnormal brain structure. The best treatment approach is described as using antipsychotic medications in conjunction with psychotherapy, group therapy, family therapy, and self-help methods.
Pyschosis
Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by hallucinations or delusions that cause people to perceive or interpret things differently from reality. Common symptoms include delusions where a person believes untrue things, like colleagues trying to kill them, and hallucinations where a person sees or hears things that are not there, such as voices. Having both delusions and hallucinations can severely disrupt a person's thinking, behavior, and emotions. Research finds that around 3 in 100 people will experience at least one psychotic episode in their lifetime, though psychosis typically develops between ages 15-30.
Disorders of thought
Christina, a 44-year-old woman, was arrested for harassing a local television newscaster, asserting he had fathered and taken her child. However, there was no evidence of a relationship and the newscaster denied it. Christina maintained her delusional belief with extraordinary conviction despite no signs of hallucinations, mood disorder, or organic illness. Her delusional beliefs had existed for years and involved fantasizing about a relationship with the newscaster that did not exist in reality. This case demonstrates a primary delusion arising de novo that is held with unusual conviction and not amenable to logic despite the absurdity being apparent to others.
Psychological therapies and schizophrenia
Psychological therapies for schizophrenia include psychodynamic therapies, family intervention, milieu therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Traditional psychoanalytic therapies are not considered appropriate for treating psychosis. Modified psychotherapies have been developed but their effectiveness is questionable. Family intervention, milieu therapy, and social skills training are often used instead of psychotherapy. CBT aims to change faulty cognitions by challenging negative thoughts and placing clients in experimental situations to test the validity of their beliefs. CBT has been shown to reduce some delusional symptoms of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness originally termed "dementia praecox" which is characterized by distortions in cognition and affect. It involves positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms such as reduced emotional expression. It is diagnosed based on the presence of characteristic symptoms for at least six months and causes significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications as well as psychosocial interventions like therapy, social skills training, and supported employment.
The neuroanatomical explanation for schizophrenia
The document discusses the neuroanatomical explanation for schizophrenia which suggests that enlarged ventricles in the brain may be linked to the disorder. Several studies have found that schizophrenic patients tend to have larger ventricles compared to non-schizophrenic patients. However, the relationship between enlarged ventricles and schizophrenia is unclear as it is unknown whether enlarged ventricles cause schizophrenia or vice versa. There are also difficulties in determining what truly constitutes ventricle enlargement.
Delusional Disorder
This document provides an overview of delusional disorder, including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, types, clinical features, differential diagnosis, course, prognosis, and treatment. Delusional disorder involves non-bizarre delusions without hallucinations or other symptoms of schizophrenia. It has a prevalence of about 0.03% and typically onset in middle age. The cause is unknown but may involve biological and psychosocial factors. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, and sometimes hospitalization. Prognosis is generally stable but depends on factors like age of onset and delusional type.
Disorders of perception (2)
This document discusses various types of sensory distortions and deceptions, including illusions and hallucinations. It describes different categories of sensory distortions that can involve vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste, and the sense of time. It also discusses hallucination types including auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, kinaesthetic, and others. Causes of hallucinations including disorders of the central nervous system, sensory deprivation, intense emotions are highlighted. Assessment and differential diagnosis of hallucinations are also covered.
Presentation of schizophrenia as in a simple way
Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, affect, and behavior. It has been studied and defined by researchers like Kraepelin, Bleuler, and Schneider. Bleuler identified four fundamental symptoms - affective blunting, loosening of associations, autism, and ambivalence. Schizophrenia has several phases and is influenced by biological, psychological, and environmental factors. It is diagnosed based on the presence of symptoms from different groups for over one month. Treatment involves pharmacological therapy with antipsychotics, electroconvulsive therapy in rare cases, and psychosocial interventions like psychoeducation, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation.
Schizophrenia Powerpoint
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that affects about 1% of people worldwide, deteriorating personal, social, and occupational functioning through strange perceptions, disturbed thought processes, unusual emotions, and motor abnormalities. It causes symptoms like auditory hallucinations, disorganized thinking, paranoia, delusions, and disorganized speech. Schizophrenia is diagnosed based on symptoms and can be of five main types, and both biological and psychological factors may contribute to its causes and treatment may involve medications and therapy.
Disorders of consciousness and experience of self dr ali
This document provides an overview of consciousness and disorders of consciousness from a psychopathological perspective. It discusses consciousness, unconsciousness, and the preconscious. It describes quantitative lowering of consciousness which includes clouding, drowsiness, sopor, coma and death. It also discusses qualitative changes in consciousness such as delirium, fluctuations and confusion. Other disorders mentioned include twilight states, dissociative fugue, mania a potu, automatism, dreamlike states, stupor and locked-in syndrome.
SCHIZOPHRENIA for B.Sc (Nsg).docx
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. It is defined by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and negative symptoms. The disorder has been recognized since the late 19th century and was termed "dementia praecox" and later "schizophrenia". It affects about 1% of the population and has varying levels of severity and outcomes depending on factors like symptom type, treatment adherence and social support. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications and psychosocial therapies.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in perceiving reality. It affects over 2 million people in the US and is thought to have genetic causes. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, social withdrawal, and loss of emotions. While there is no cure currently, treatment involves medications and psychotherapy. Further research continues into potential cures and understanding the brain development factors involved in schizophrenia.
Bleuler's syndrome.58-177-1-PB
This letter discusses proposals to change the name of schizophrenia in the DSM-5. It summarizes various proposals considered, including "Salience Dysregulation Syndrome", "Dopamine Dysregulation Disorder", and "Psychosis Syndrome". It argues that "Bleuler's Syndrome" would be the best new name as it encompasses both positive and negative symptoms, avoids stigma, and associates the condition with the seminal work of Eugen Bleuler. The letter concludes by advocating for changing the name to "Bleuler's Syndrome" to reduce stigma, clarify the heterogeneous nature of the condition, and empower patients.
Psychological explanations of schizophrenia
The document discusses three major psychological explanations of schizophrenia:
1) The psychodynamic approach suggests abnormality is caused by unresolved conflicts between the ID, Ego and Superego that have been repressed.
2) The behavioural approach proposes that schizophrenia develops as abnormal behaviors are positively reinforced through attention, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy of deviance.
3) The cognitive approach argues faulty thinking processes like selective attention and working memory underlie schizophrenia symptoms like inability to filter stimuli and think clearly.
Delusion ppt
There are two main types of thought disorders - delusions and overvalued ideas. Delusions are defined as false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. Three main criteria define delusions: certainty, incorrigibility, and impossibility of content. Primary delusions cannot be explained by other symptoms, whereas secondary delusions are derived from other abnormalities like hallucinations. Grandiose, paranoid, and delusions of guilt are some common types of delusional content. Disorders of the prefrontal and temporal lobes may underlie generation of delusions.
Acute and transient psychotic disorders
This document discusses the historical development of terminology used for acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATP). It describes several disorders identified in different regions in the late 19th/early 20th centuries including bouffee delirante, cycloid psychosis, reactive psychosis, and schizophreniform disorder. WHO studies in the 1990s provided evidence supporting ATP as a distinct condition, though its relationship to schizophrenia and affective disorders remains unclear. ATP is more common in developing countries and has an acute onset, variable symptoms, and typically good prognosis.
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Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that causes distortions in thinking and perception. It was coined in 1911 by Eugen Bleuler to describe fragmented thinking. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech and behavior. It affects about 1% of the population equally among men and women. While the concept of madness has ancient roots, schizophrenia as a defined diagnosis is relatively new, though evidence of related symptoms can be found throughout history.
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Early Sign Of Schizophrenia
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Types Of Schizophrenia
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- 2. HISTORY COLLECTION PRESENTING CHIEF COMPLAINTS: Informant says: • Muttering to self • Irritable • Laughing to self • Not sleeping well Patient says: • Unable to sleep, because while sleeping he is hearing a sound.
- 3. The word „schizophrenia‟ was coined in 1908 by the swiss psychiatrist eugen bleuler. It is derived from the greek word skhizo(split)and phren(mind). “It is a psychotic condition characterized by a disturbance in thinking,emotions,volitions and faculties in the presence of clear consciousness,which usually lead to social withdrawal”
- 4. CAUSES Biological theories Biochemical theories Excess of dopamine Abnormalities in neuro transmittersNeurostructural theories Genetic theories Psychodyna mic theories Regressed id behaviour Over protective and domineering parents Dysfunctional family Vulnarability stress model Stressful life event
- 9. INCREASE IN SPEECH PRODUCTION LOOSENING OF ASSOCIATION MUTISM , ECHOLALIA RIGIDITY , ECHOPRAXIA NEGATIVISM , WAXYFLEXIBILITY POSTURING •INCREASE IN PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY •AMBITENDENCY •STUPOR
- 10. Emotional blunting Eccentric behaviour Illogical thinking Social withdrawal Loosening of association
- 11. PAST EXPERIENCE Prenatal exposure to viral infection GENETIC INFLUENCE Family history of schizophrenia Possible birth defect PRECIPITATING EVENT Stressful to threaten Already weak ego
- 12. Defence mechanism used are DENIAL, INDICATION,RELIGIOUSITY, RECURRECTION SECONDARY Unable to use coping mechanism Weak ego strength COGNITIVE APPRAISAL(PRIMARY) Perceived threat to self concept EXISTING CONDITION Abnormal brain structure , Epilepsy,
- 13. Hallucination , delusion, social isolation, violence, autism , apathy, bizzare , behaviour &inappropriate affect Initial psychotic episode, exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms QUALITY OF RESPONSE AdaptiveMaladaptive