Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on ToT training of FFS By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

2. Chilli Diseases
A
Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS)
By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan
Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK
MINFAL Pakistan

5. Plant diseases of chilli
Even diseases can be a serious
problem during the cultivation of
pepper. There are three types of
diseases: viral, bacterial and fungal
infections. Try to know and
recognize the symptoms, it is
definitely the first step to make the
right cure... the best cure is still
prevention.

6. VIRAL DISEASES
1.Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV):
 is a highly contagious and persistent disease caused by the tobacco
of cigarettes. It spreads mechanically, by touching infected hands or
instruments from plants. The virus manifests itself in the form of
yellow or green spots on the leaves of the plant. It often presents itself
on the basis of deformation or curling of the leaf. The destruction of
the chloroplasts and the increased activity of enzymes regulating the
blocking photosynthesis and plant growth in consequence provoke
the collapse. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive
strategies

7. VIRAL DISEASES
2. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV):
is a highly contagious and persistent disease caused by the
tobacco of cigarettes. It spreads mechanically, by touching
infected hands or instruments from plants. The virus manifests
itself in the form of yellow or green spots on the leaves of the
plant. It often presents itself on the basis of deformation or
curling of the leaf. The destruction of the chloroplasts and the
increased activity of enzymes regulating the blocking
photosynthesis and plant growth in consequence provoke the
collapse. There is no cure for this type of virus but only
preventive strategies.

8. VIRAL DISEASES
3.Tobacco etch virus (TEV):
 this virus infects many species of the Solanacee which is
transmitted by more than ten aphid species, including the
Myzus persicae. It does not seem to be transmitted through the
seed. The varied symptoms depending on the species. All in all,
the typical symptoms include a "lighter" of the ribs, veins and
nerves, as well as lines of incisions. They appear on the leaves
and the fruit. The development is stunted clear. There is no cure
for this type of virus but only preventive strategies.

9. Virus Diseases
4. Potato virus Y The potato virus Y (PVY):
provoke different symptoms from the complete latency of slightly
necrotic mosaic up to severe necrotic phenomens. As CMV the
PVY be transmitted by various aphid species but the green
peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is the most important carrier.
Since the PVY generate in potatoes, it is recommended to
isolate chili plants from potato plants. There is no cure for this
type of virus but only preventive strategies

10.  5. Mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Potato virus Y (PVY)
 Symptoms
 Alternating light and green areas or mosaic patterns on the leaves;
leaves distorted and curled; slow plant growth

11. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
1.Anthraconose
 The Anthracnose is caused
by the mold Colletotrichum
coccodes: a pathogenic mold
of the Ascomycetes, which
growth be promoted with
warm temperatures and high
humidity. The symptoms
occur on both sleeves and on
mature and immature fruits.
Characteristic are
depressions and round, light
brown spots that can be up to
3 cm. A fungicide may be
necessary.

12. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
2.Powdery Mildew
 Powdery mildew is caused by
the fungus Leveillula taurica.
It can develop at any stage of
development of the plant and
mainly affects the leaves. The
symptoms manifested by the
formation of a flour-like,
white, later yellow patina on
the undersides of the leaves
and yellowish spots on the
top expiring. Powdery mildew
causes wilting and falling of
the leaves, thus stopping the
development of the fruit. You
can use fungicides or
solutions of sulfur and
potassium bicarbonate.

13. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
3. Bacterial Spot
 Bacterial infection can be caused
by the bacterium Xanthomonas
campestris pv vesicatoria. The
initial symptoms are hydropic,
irregular spots that are visible on
the underside of the leaf and
later develop into necrotic spots
with chlorotic margin, best seen
underneath the leaf. The damage
consists of the fall of the leaves
and the loss of the fruit. Here
Valid is the use of copper-based
fungicides although excessive
use can retard the growth of the
plants.

14. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
4. Foot Rot
 The foot rot is caused by
the fungus Phytophthora
capsici and usually occurs
in moist, sensitive zones.
Thus, it is better to prevent
excessive watering not well
dissipative ground. The
symptoms are the rotting of
the roots of the neck and
the bale with the
subsequent rapid drying of
the plant. Recommended
the use of fungicides.

15. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
5. Frog Eye Spot
 The spots of the so-called
"frog-eye" caused by the
fungus Cercospora capsici.
This disease is
characterized by small
round spots which are light
gray in the middle, reddish
brown with a gray center
and a reddish-brown
margin. These are up to 1
cm diameter in size and
cause severe defoliation.
The fruits are not infected
but suffering with a
significant devaluation. The
use of fungicides is
probably the best solution.

16. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
6. Damping off
 The Damping-off is a term
that is used frequently in
the agricultural economy
and describes the various
disorders that are caused
by mold, and before the
seeds or plants are kills
after germination. This can
be caused by various type
of mold such as Pythium,
Rhizoctonia and Fusarium,
or simply just by poor
semen quality. Is it possible
to use fungicides for
preventive strategies.

17. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
7.White Mold
 The white mold is
caused by the mold
Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum, and
provokes the
decomposition of plant
parts above ground or
below the plants.
Recommended the use
of fungicides.

18. 8.Soft Rot
 The soft rot is caused by the
bacterium Erwinia
carotovora carotovora PV
and directly affects the fruit.
The internal tissue softens
and then turns into a foul-
smelling, watery mass. The
Erwinia carotovora can
strike both in the growth
phase or after completion of
growth and provokes
drying, yellowing, necrosis
and soft rot of the trunk. At
present there are no
effective means of direct
struggle but only preventive
strategies.

19. 9. Bacterial Drying
 The bacterial drying is caused by
the bacterium Pseudomonas
solanacearum. The first
symptoms begin the drying of
the leaves. After a few days, the
whole plant dry without
yellowing of leaves. You can
prove this bacterium by cut off
the roots or lower stems and put
them in water. The bacteria leave
milky-white threads. The best
prevention is to use purified
vegetable seeds and remove
diseased plants.

20. BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL
INFECTIONS:
10. Verticilium Dahliae
 The Verticillium dahliae a mold of
the soil, which is able to infect
the plants in any stage of
development. The plants show a
yellowing of the leaves and have
stunted growth. In practice, the
mold clogs the vessels of the
woody plants, thereby
obstructing the movement of
lymph, so that the branches
wither and dry up. When the
stem turns brown you can be
almost certain of an attack of
mold.The best prevention is to
remove the diseased plants and
use fumigants for soil
disinfection.