3. Contents:
• Define chicken pox
• Explain epidemiological triad of chicken pox
• Explain sign & symptoms of chicken pox
• Discuss medical & nursing management of chicken pox
• Explain prevention & control of chicken pox
• Complications
CHICKEN POX
4. WHAT IS CHICKEN POX
Chicken pox is a highly contagious disease with mild
constitutional symptoms ,and is characterized by fever,
malaise and centripetal distribution of pruritic skin lesions.
Its distribution is worldwide.
6. SIGN & SYMPTOMS:
• Fever.
• Feeling tired.
• Headache.
• A stomachache that lasts for one or two days.
• A skin rash that is very itchy and looks like many small blisters.
• Bumps filled with a liquid that looks like milky water.
• Scabs after the blisters break.
• Skin that looks blotchy
• Spots that fade away.
7.
8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
• Acyclovir reduces the rate that the chickenpox virus multiplies within the body.
Doctors do not tend to recommend antiviral treatment for otherwise healthy
children with chickenpox, but they can prescribe it for adults. A person should take
acyclovir as soon as they notice symptoms, for it to be most effective
• In otherwise healthy children, chickenpox typically needs no medical treatment. Your
doctor may prescribe an antihistamine to relieve itching. But for the most part, the
disease is allowed to run its course.
• If complications develop, your doctor will determine the appropriate treatment. He
or she may prescribe antibiotics for skin infections, myocarditis and pneumonia.
Brain inflammation (encephalitis) is usually treated with antiviral drugs. You may
need to be hospitalized.
9.
10. HOME REMEDIES:
Avoid scratching
Scratching can cause scarring, slow healing and increase the risk that the sores will
become infected. If your child can't stop scratching:
• Put gloves on his or her hands, especially at night
• Trim his or her fingernails
Relieve the itch and other symptoms
The chickenpox rash can be very itchy, and broken vesicles sometimes sting. These
discomforts, along with fever, headache and fatigue, can make anyone miserable. For relief, try:
• A cool bath with added baking soda, aluminum acetate.
• Calamine lotion dabbed on the spots.
11. CONT….
• A soft, bland diet if chickenpox sores develop in the mouth.
• Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl, others) for itching. Check with
your doctor to make sure your child can safely take antihistamines.
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) for a mild fever
12. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
Interventions for a child with chicken pox include:
• Patient education. Educate parents about the importance and safety of the Varicella
Zoster vaccine.
• Manage pruritus. Manage pruritus in patients with varicella with cool compresses
and regular bathing; warm soaks and cornstarch baths may reduce itching and
provide comfort.
• Trim fingernails. Trimming the child’s fingernails and having the child wear mittens
while sleeping may reduce scratching.
• Dietary measures. Advise parents to provide a full and unrestricted diet to the child;
some children with varicella have reduced appetite and should be encouraged to
take sufficient fluids to maintain hydration.
13. PREVENTION & CONTROL:
• Isolation of patient.
• Disinfection of oronasal discharge ang soiled articles.
• Terminal disinfection of room.
• Passive immunization with normal human immunoglobulin given
within 72 hours of exposure dose in 0.4cc to 1.2cc/Kg-body weight.
• Active immunization with alternated varicella vaccination.
• Other airborne illness control measures.
14.
15. COMPLICATIONS:
• Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues in
children, including Group A streptococcal infections
• Infection of the lungs (pneumonia)
• Infection or swelling of the brain (encephalitis,
cerebellar ataxia)
• Bleeding problems (hemorrhagic complications)
• Bloodstream infections (sepsis)
• Dehydration
16. RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)
Contents:
• Define Rubella
• Explain epidemiological triad of Rubella
• Explain sign & symptoms of Rubella
• Effects of rubella on pregnancy
• Discuss medical & nursing management of Rubella
• Explain prevention & control of Rubella
17. WHAT IS RUBELLA
• A rubella is a symptomatic infectious viral
disease that runs a mild course and is
characterized by maculopapular
cutaneous rash and posterior cervical and
postauricular lymphadenopathy, with little
or no constitutional disturbances.
18.
19.
20. SIGN & SYMPTOMS:
• A low-grade fever.
• Headache.
• Mild pink eye (redness or swelling of the white of
the eye)
• General discomfort.
• Swollen and enlarged lymph nodes.
• Cough
• Runny nose
21. EFFECTS OF RUBELLA ON PREGNANCY
• Pregnant women who contact rubella are at risk for miscarriage or stillbirth,
and their developing babies are at risk for severe birth defects with
devastating, lifelong consequences. It can affect almost everything in the
developing baby's body. The most common birth defects from it can include:
Deafness.
• Women should make sure they are protected from rubella before they get
pregnant. Infection with rubella virus causes the most severe damage when
the mother is infected early in pregnancy, especially in the first 12 weeks (first
trimester)
22.
23. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:
• There is no specific medicine to treat rubella or make the
disease go away faster. In many cases, symptoms are mild.
For others, mild symptoms can be managed with bed rest
and medicines for fever, such as acetaminophen. If you are
concerned about your symptoms or your child's symptoms,
contact your doctor
24. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
• Keeping the patient's nails short
• Encourage long pants and sleeves to prevent scratching
• Keeping skin moist with health care provider recommended
lotions
• Avoiding sunlight and heat
25. PREVENTION & CONTROL:
• Isolation of patient.
• Strict avoidance of close contact with the patient.
• Rubella vaccination for all children and women of child caring age.
• Passive immunization with human norms immunoglobulin.
• Vaccination to girls 11-14 years, duration of immunity offered
being 10 years.
• Other precautionary measures are needed as applied to airborne
infections.
