The document discusses various types of environmental pollution including water, air, land, noise, thermal, radiation, and pesticide pollution, along with their causes and effects on human health and the ecosystem. It emphasizes that human activities drive these pollutants, linking industrialization, agriculture, and transportation to environmental degradation. Additionally, it offers practical suggestions for reducing pollution through smart usage of resources and adopting eco-friendly practices.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
BY:PALLAVI TIWARI
CLASS:VIII

2. POLLUTION
• Pollution –
POLLUTION is any
discharge of material or
energy into
water, land, or air that
causes or may the
Earth's ecological
balance or that lowers
the quality of life.
• The industrialization of
society, the introduction
of motorized
vehicles, and the
explosion of the human
population, however, ha
ve caused an
exponential growth in
the production of goods
and services.

3. TYPES OF POLLUTION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
WATER POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
LAND POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
RADIATION POLLUTION
PESTICIDE POLLUTION

4. WATER POLLUTION
1) Water pollution is the introduction into fresh
or ocean waters of chemical, physical, or
biological material that degrades the quality
of the water and affects the organisms living
in it. This process ranges from simple
addition of dissolved or suspended solids to
discharge of the most insidious and
persistent toxic pollutants (such as
pesticides, heavy metals, nondegradable, bio-accumulative, and chemical
compounds).

5. THERMAL POLLUTION
2) Thermal pollution is the discharge of waste
heat via energy dissipation into cooling water
and subsequently into nearby waterways.
The major sources of thermal pollution are
fossil-fuel and nuclear electric-power
generating facilities and, to a lesser
degree, cooling operations associated with
industrial manufacturing, such as steel
foundries, other primary-metal
manufacturers, and chemical and
petrochemical producers.

6. LAND POLLUTION
3) Land pollution is the degradation of the
Earth's land surface through misuse of the soil
by poor agricultural practices, mineral
exploitation, industrial waste dumping, and
indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes.

7. AIR POLLUTION
4) Air pollution is the accumulation in the
atmosphere of substances that, in sufficient
concentrations, endanger human health or
produce other measured effects on living matter
and other materials. Among the major sources of
pollution are power and heat generation, the
burning of solid wastes, industrial
processes, and, especially, transportation. The six
major types of pollutants are carbon
monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen
oxides, particulates, sulfur dioxide, and
photochemical oxidants.

8. NOISE POLLUTION
5) Noise pollution has a relatively recent origin.
It is a composite of sounds generated by
human activities ranging from blasting stereo
systems to the roar of supersonic transport
jets. Although the frequency (pitch) of noise
may be of major importance, most noise
sources are measured in terms of intensity, or
strength of the sound field.

9. RADIATION POLLUTION
6) Radiation pollution is any form of ionizing or nonionizing radiation that results from human activities.
The most well-known radiation results from the
detonation of nuclear devices and the controlled
release of energy by nuclear-power generating plants.
Other sources of radiation include spent-fuel
reprocessing plants, by-products of mining operations,
and experimental research laboratories. Increased
exposure to medical x-rays and to radiation emissions
from microwave ovens and other household
appliances, although of considerably less magnitude,
all constitute sources of environmental radiation.

10. PESTICIDE POLLUTION
7) Pesticides are organic and inorganic chemicals
originally invented and first used effectively to
better the human environment by controlling
undesirable life forms such as bacteria, pests, and
foraging insects. Their effectiveness, however, has
caused considerable pollution. The persistent, or
hard pesticides, which are relatively inert and
non-degradable by chemical or biologic
activity, are also bio-accumulative; that is, they
are retained within the body of the consuming
organism and are concentrated with each ensuing
level of the biologic food chain.

11. GLOBAL
8) Humans also pollute the atmosphere on a global
scale, although until the early 1970s little
attention was paid to the possible deleterious
effects of such pollution. Certain pollutants
decrease the concentration of ozone occurring
naturally in the stratosphere, which in turn
increases the amount of ultraviolet radiation
reaching the Earth's surface. Such radiation may
damage vegetation and increase the incidence of
skin cancer.

12. CAUSES OF POLLUTION
• The ultimate cause of pollution is human
activity itself. Pollution is a human
contribution to nature. Science has evolved
technologies, and technologies have helped
the human welfare. In the process, the
pollution has been a part of technology and
therefore a part of human miseries.

13. Human activities mainly
include:
• Industries for various human needs - directly and
indirectly.
• Agriculture for food production and industrial
needs.
• Health care for health of human beings and
animals.
• Transport for mobility of human beings.
• Dwelling for settlement in city or villages.
• Energy for various direct human needs and
industrial needs.

14. • All of them contribute to pollution in one way
or other and therefore cause miseries. All of
them are aimed to be part of human welfare
programmes. Along with welfare, all of them
have brought the maladies of pollution.

15. • Although all these industries have
potentiality to generate pollutants in the
environment. Some of them cause
serious pollution than others.

16. SOME OF THESE ARE:
• Chemicals, pesticides, medicines manufacturing
industries.
• Cement, steel industries.
• Textile manufacturing and processing industries.
• Petroleum based industries.
• Paper industries.
• Sugar industries.
• Food industries.

17. HOW TO AVOID POLLUTION
1) Using Paper the Smart Way
• Using double-sided copying, reusing singlesided paper, using electronic mail and
circulating documents with routing slips can
save an organization, a significant amount of
energy and natural resources.

18. • Purchase paper products containing postconsumer recycled paper.
• Do you know that one ton of recycled paper
uses: 64 percent less energy, 50 percent less
water and 74 percent less air pollution

19. 2) SHOPPING THE GREEN WAY
1) Buy products that contain recycle materials.
2) Buy in bulk when you can to avoid excess
packaging. Use concentrated products which
use less packaging.
3) Reduce waste with reusable shopping bags
4) Use cat litter or sand instead of salt on icy
walks.

20. 3) Using Water Efficiently
1) Install a water efficient shower head (2.5
gallons or less per minute) to reduce water
consumption and energy use.
2) Run only full loads in the washing machine or
dish-washer.
3) Turn off water while brushing your teeth and
shaving.

21. 4) DRIVING SMARTER
• Leave your car at home at least two days a week .
• Walk, bike or take the bus or subway to work
instead. You will reduce greenhouse gas emission.
• Check your tire pressure regularly.
• Under-inflation, increase tire wear, reduce your
fuel economy by up to 3 percent and leads to
higher greenhouse gas emissions.
• Never pour harmful household products down a
sink, toilet or bathtub drain unless the label
indicates it is safe to do so.

22. 5) LANDSCAPING THE GREEN WAY
• Use a variety of native plants. Native plants
are more likely to thrive with minimal care
and that means more resources, energy and
money are saved.
• Small engines contribute significantly more air
pollution per hour of operation than cars.
• Use hand tools when possible.