leran cgemistry well

1. A perfect science

2. What is chemistry
Chemistry is the science of atomic matter, especially its chemical
reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties .
Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with
other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical
bonds.
Chemistry is sometimes called “the central science" because it
connects physics with other natural sciences such
as geology and biology. Chemistry is a branch of physical
science but distinct from physics.

3. Types of chemistry
Organic chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Physical chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Biochemistry

4. Organic chemistry
 Organic chemistry is a sub-field of chemistry
that involves studying the molecules of life. It is
mainly concerned with looking at the structure
and behaviour of these molecules, which are
composed of only a few different types of atoms:
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and a few
miscellaneous others.

5. Analytical chemistry
Analytical chemistry is the science of
identification and quantification of
materials in a mixture. Analytical chemists
may invent procedures for analysis, or they
may use or modify existing ones. They also
supervise, perform, and interpret the
analysis.

6. Physical chemistry
 Physical chemistry is the study of the fundamental physical
principles that govern the way that atoms, molecules, and other
chemical systems behave. Physical chemists study a wide array of
topics such as the rates of reactions , the way that light and
matter interact, how electrons are arranged in atoms and molecules
(quantum mechanics), and the stabilities and reactivates of
different compounds and processes (thermodynamics). In all of
these cases, physical chemists try to understand what is happening
on an atomic level, and why. A lot of the current physical
chemistry research in industry and academia combines the
techniques and ideas from several fields.

7. Inorganic chemistry
 Inorganic chemistry is commonly thought of as
those areas within chemistry that do not deal
with carbon. However, carbon is very important
in many inorganic compounds, Some areas of
inorganic chemistry that are especially
important are catalysis, materials chemistry, and
bioinorganic chemistry.

8. Biochemistry
 Biochemistry is the study of the chemical principles
underlying basic biological systems. Fundamentally,
biochemical research aims to characterize the link
between the structure and function of biological
macromolecules. More specifically, biochemical
research has provided a more comprehensive
understanding in regenerative medicine, infectious
disease, organ/tissue transplantation, clinical
diagnostics and genetic disease.

9. Apparatus
Beaker Bunsen Conical flask
burner
Flat bottomed
flask

10. AppArAtus cont………
Test tube Measuring cylinder
holder
Separatory funnel
Dropper

11. Thermometer
Test tube stand
Round
bottomed flask
Spatula

12. pieppet
tripod
Wire gauze

13. Importance
Simply because CHEMISTRY
explains where things were made of.
From the things we use when woke
up 'til the things we use when we
end our days.

14. Scope of chemistry
 Biochemistry 34%
 Organic Chemistry9%
 Inorganic Chemistry 27%
 Physical Chemistry
 Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 21%
 Macromolecules 9%

15. Why do we study
chemistry
 Chemistry helps us to understand the world around us.
 A basic understanding of chemistry helps you to read and understand
product labels.
 Chemistry can help you make informed decisions. If you understand how
chemistry works you'll be able to separate reasonable expectations from
pure fiction.
 Chemistry is at the heart of cooking. If you understand the chemical
reactions involved in making baked goods rise or neutralizing acidity or
thickening sauces, chances are you'll be a better cook.
 A command of chemistry can help keep you safe! You'll know which
household chemicals are dangerous to keep together or mix and which
can be used safely.

16. Rules to be followed in
labs (Attire)
 Safety goggles must be worn at all times while in the laboratory.
This rule must be followed whether you are actually working on an
experiment or simply writing in your lab notebook. 2Contact lenses
are not allowed. Even when worn under safety goggles, various
fumes may accumulate under the lens and cause serious injuries or
blindness.
 Closed toe shoes and long pants must be worn in the lab. Sandals
and shorts are not allowed.
 Long hair must be tied back when using open flames.

17. Conduct
 Eating, drinking, and smoking are strictly prohibited in the laboratory.
 No unauthorized experiments are to be performed. If you are curious about trying
a procedure not covered in the experimental procedure, consult with your
laboratory instructor.
 Never taste anything. Never directly smell the source of any vapour or gas. Do not
inhale these vapours but take in only enough to detect an odour if one exists.
 Coats, backpacks, etc., should not be left on the lab benches and stools. There is a
hook rack along the back wall at either end of the lab. There are coat racks just
inside the each entrance to the balance room at the back of the lab. Beware that
lab chemicals can destroy personal possessions.
 Always wash your hands before leaving lab.
 Learn where the safety and first-aid equipment is located. This includes fire
extinguishers, fire blankets, and eye-wash stations.
 Notify the instructor immediately in case of an accident.

18. Proper Handling of Chemicals and
Equipment
 Consider all chemicals to be hazardous unless you are instructed otherwise.
 Material Safety Data Sheets are available in lab for all chemicals in use.
These will inform you of any hazards and precautions of which you should
be aware.
 Know what chemicals you are using. Carefully read the label twice before
taking anything from a bottle. Chemicals in the lab are marked with
hazardous materials diamond labels. Learn how to interpret these labels.
 Many common reagents, for example, alcohols and acetone, are highly
flammable. Do not use them anywhere near open flames.
 Always pour acids into water. If you pour water into acid, the heat of
reaction will cause the water to explode into steam, sometimes
violently, and the acid will splatter.

19. cont…….
 If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush
immediately with copious amounts of water and consult with
your instructor.
 Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at
yourself or your neighbour it may erupt like a geyser.
 Dispose of chemicals properly.
 Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you
leave your workstation. Be sure that the gas is shut off at the
bench rack when you leave the lab.
 Beware of hot glass--it looks exactly like cold glass.