introduce about preparation of salt , chemistry grade 10th

1. Preparation of Salt
Definition of Salt
a. Salt as a compound formed from an acid by the replacement of the
hydrogen in the acid by a metal or by ammonium ions.
b. Salt are ionic compound  made by the neutralisation of an acid with
base (alkali). The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water
is called a neutralisation reaction.
1. Acid + Base  Salt + Water
E.g ; HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H₂O
H₂SO₄ + Cu(OH)₂  CuSO₄ + H₂O
HNO₃ + KOH  KNO₃ + H₂O
2. *) acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
E.g ; Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂
*) base + metal  salt + hydrogen
-> Zinc is the only metal which reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium
zincate with the release of hydrogen gas.
E.g ; Zn + 2NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

2. 3. Reaction of Metal Carbonates & Bicarbonates with Acids
acid + metal carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water
-> Acids react with metal carbonates or bicarbonates to
form salt and water with the evolution of carbon
dioxide gas.
For Example:
i.) Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to
form sodium chloride and water with the release of
carbon dioxide gas.
Na₂CO₃(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)
ii.) Similarly, sodium bicarbonate also reacts with
hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride and water
with the release of carbon dioxide gas.
NaHCO₃(s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

3. 4. Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
( acid + oxide metal → salt + water )
• Copper oxide (II), a black metal oxide reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid to form a blue-green coloured copper chloride
(II) solution. CuO + 2HCl → CuCl₂(aq) + H₂O
5. Reaction of Non-Metallic Oxides with Base
( base + oxide metal → salt + water )
• Calcium hydroxide reacts with non-metallic oxides like carbon
dioxide to form calcium carbonate salt and water.
• Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O
6. Reaction of Metallic hydroxide with Acids
( acid + hydroxide metal → salt + water )
• Zn(OH)₂ (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O(l)

4. Activity 1: Fill in the blank to complete the word equation

5. Activity 2: Fill in the blank to complete the word equation
1. Mg + H₂SO₄  ........... + ..............
2. Cu + HCl .............. + ...............
3. Fe + HNO₃ .............. + ............
4. HCl + Ca(OH)₂  ........ + ............
5. H₂SO₄ + NaOH  ............... + ............
6. HF + Ba (OH)₂  ................... + ................
7. Mg + 2HNO₃  .................. + ..................
8. Zn + 2HCl  ........... + ......................
Activity 3: Fill in the blank to complete the word equation

6. Activity 4: Complete the following reactions
1. Acid + metal → …………………. + ………………………
2. Acid + alkali (metal hydroxide) → …………………. + ………………………
3. Acid + metal carbonate → ……………. + ………………… + ……………………
4. Acid + oxide metal → ............ + ................
5. Acid + hydroxide metal → ............ + ................
6. Acid + Base → ............ + ................
Activity 5: Complete the following reactions
1. Calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid → ........................ + ............
2. Ammonium hydroxide + sulfuric acid → …………………. + ………………
3. Calcium carbonate + nitric acid →.....……………. + ………………………
4. Magnesium + nitric acid → …………………. + ………………………
5. Copper carbonate + hydrochloric acid → …………………. + ……………..