The document summarizes information about the pharmacological actions, uses, side effects, mechanisms of action and other details regarding three drugs: Aspirin, Clopidogrel and Rosuvastatin. It provides presentations on each drug delivered by Shahzad Jehangir, Danyal Zaffer, Mustafa Khan and Faraz Ahmed Khan. For each drug, it outlines their classification, uses for treating certain conditions, potential side effects and risks, mechanisms of inhibiting platelet aggregation or cholesterol biosynthesis, half-lives and common brand names.

1. Presentation By:
Shahzad Jehangir
Danyal Zaffer
Mustafa Khan
Faraz Ahmed Khan

2. By:
Mustafa Khan

3. Pharmacological Action Of Aspirin:
• ->Aspirin is NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug).
• ->It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and antithrombotic
activity.
• NSAID= are a drug class that groups together drugs that
provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing)
effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.
• Anti-Inflammatory: The reduction of swelling effect of a substance.

4. Uses Of Aspirin:
• Fever.
• Headaches.
• Inflammation.
• Mild to moderate pain.

5. Side Effects Of Aspirin:
• Coughing up blood.
• Severe nausea.
• Fever lasting longer than 3 days.
• Vomiting.
• Swelling.
• Hearing problems, ringing in your ears.
• Difficulty breathing. Etc.

6. High Risk Groups:
• This drug should not be given to the following group of people:
• ->Pregnant Mothers.
• ->Kidney Dysfunction Patients.
• ->Neonates. (Newborn baby)

7. Mechanism of Action:
• Prohibits the synthesis of prostaglandins (a group of compounds with
varying hormone-like effects) by cyclooxygenase (is an enzyme that is
responsible for formation of proteinoids).
• Proteinoids: A protein like polypeptide formed abiotically from amino
acid mixture in the presence of heat.

8. Half Life Of Aspirin:
• The half—life is approximately 15 to 20 min for aspirin. Elimination
follows zero-order kinetics. Renal elimination of unchanged drug
depends on urine pH. A pH of more than 6.5 increases renal Cl of free
salicylate from less than 5% to more than 80%.

9. Brands Of Aspirin:
• ->Ascard.
• ->Erocid.
• ->Disprin.
• ->Meriprin.
• ->Pauarin.

10. The End!

11. LOWPLAT
(Clopidogrel)
By:
Danyal Zaffer

12. Pharmacological Action Of Clopidogrel :
• ->Anti-Platelet.
• ->It acts by decreasing adenosine diphosphate-medicated platelet
aggregation.
• Platelet Aggregation: The clumping together of platelets in the blood.
Platelet aggregation is part of the sequence of events leading to the
formation of a thrombus (clot).

13. Uses Of Clopidogrel:
• ->Atherosclerosis. (Atherosclerosis is a specific form of
arteriosclerosis in which an artery-wall thickens as a result of invasion
and accumulation of white blood cells).
• ->Myocardial Infarction. (Heart Attack).
• ->Angina. (Chest Pain).

14. Side Effects Of Clopidogrel:
• ->Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.
• ->Chest Pain.
• ->Headache.
• ->Dizziness.
• ->Rash.
• ->Depression.

15. High Risk Groups:
• This drug should not be given to the following group of people:
• ->Pregnant Mothers.
• ->Kidney Dysfunction Patients.
• ->Neonates. (Newborn baby)

16. Mechanism of Action:
• Prohibitor of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced pathway for
platelet aggregation.
• Platelet Aggregation: The clumping together of platelets in the blood.
Platelet aggregation is part of the sequence of events leading to the
formation of a thrombus (clot).

17. Half Life Of Clopidogrel:
• In the only published study, the standard dosing regimen for
Clopidogrel (75 mg day−1 for 14 days) caused 46% inhibition of ADP-
induced platelet aggregation 24 h after the last dose but no
significant inhibition of platelet aggregation was observed 4
days after the last dose.

18. Brands:
• ->Pailet.
• ->Pidogrel.
• ->Clotinil.
• ->Seaclop.
• ->Flexiflow.

19. The End!

20. Rast
(Rosuvastatin)
By:
Shahzad Jehangir

21. Pharmacological Action Of Rosuvastatin:
• It is a lipid regulating drug.
• It is responsible for maintaining a certain amount of lipids in our
blood/body.

22. Uses Of Rosuvastatin:
• ->Hypercholesterolemia.(an excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream)
• ->Hyperlipidemia.(Hyperlipidemia is abnormally elevated levels of
any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood)
• ->Hypertriglyceridemia.(Hypertriglyceridemia, a condition in which
triglyceride levels are elevated)
• A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.

23. Side Effects Of Rosuvastatin:
• ->Headache.
• ->Dizziness.
• ->Nausea.
• ->Abdominal Pain.
• ->Constipation.

24. High Risk Groups:
• This drug should not be given to the following group of people:
• ->Pregnant Mothers.
• ->Kidney Dysfunction Patients.
• ->Neonates. (Newborn baby)
• ->Old People.

25. Mechanism of Action:
• ->Prohibits the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis by
competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.
• HMG-CoA: Rate-Controlling enzyme of cholesterol.

26. Half Life Of Rosuvastatin:
• The elimination half-life (t½) of Rosuvastatin is approximately 19
hours. After an intravenous dose, approximately 28% of total body
clearance was via the renal route, and 72% by the hepatic route.

27. Brands:
• ->Rosuliva.
• ->Vaptor.
• ->Rovista.
• ->Rosuva.
• ->Rosutrol.

28. The End!