The document discusses chemical corrosion control in industrial processes. It provides examples of how to select corrosion resistant materials like plastics and coatings to contain aggressive chemicals. The key is to consider all process conditions like temperature, agitation and contaminants since corrosion rates can vary significantly under different conditions. When in doubt, laboratory or field testing is recommended to evaluate material compatibility before full-scale use.
Weld Purging ~ Corrosion Problems in Stainless Steel by WeldingRon Sewell
Abstract
Corrosion is not uncommon in stainless steels, despite their name. Salt water environments in particular can give rise to corrosion and this is even noticeable at domestic level where cutlery discolours in mild salt solutions during dishwashing cycles. Loss of corrosion resistance during welding takes place when oxygen levels in shield and purge gases are high enough to deplete the chromium content.
This paper presents a study that investigates the corrosion behavior of annealed 2205 duplex stainless steel in sulphuric acid environment. Duplex 2205 stainless steel black bar in ASTM A276 was obtained and annealed in solite furnace for 45 minutes. A control sample which was not heat treated was also prepared. The annealed and the control samples which were metallographically prepared were then analyzed for corrosion behavior in sulphuric acid using potentiodynamic test/analysis. The potentiodynamic polarization plot generated showed that the annealed samples exhibit less corrosion resistance than the untreated samples, indicating that annealing heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel in sulphuric acid.
Effect of Solution heat treatment on microstructure and "pitting corrosion "of the
austenitic stainless steel (316 L) is actualized.Agreeing to "ASTM (G71-31)" a figure
of samples for corrosion inspection were prepared with the dimensions of (15 * 15 *
3) mm then divided into sets and heated in electrical furnace at (1060C )for half
hour some of them were quenched in distilled water and the other quench by distil
water with (PVA)which added at different percentage(0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9%)gm/liter .
Microstructure of all specimens were examined also the corrosion conduct using
simulation body fluid. Results of microstructure examination show appearance of
many phases. The corrosion rate of all specimens which subjected to solution heat
treatment was higher comparing with the corrosion rate of base alloy. Solution heat
treatment in distil water and in distil water with high percentage of PVA (0.7, 0.9)
contributed in increases in corrosion rate but when decreases the percentage to (
0.3,0.5) the corrosion rate was decreased due to the increases in cooling rate .
die and die materials are important in fixed partial dentures, to get the accuracy. this seminar describes die materials, its ideal requirements, and various die systems available.
dentowoman03@gmail.com
visit my youtube channel : dentowoman
Weld Purging ~ Corrosion Problems in Stainless Steel by WeldingRon Sewell
Abstract
Corrosion is not uncommon in stainless steels, despite their name. Salt water environments in particular can give rise to corrosion and this is even noticeable at domestic level where cutlery discolours in mild salt solutions during dishwashing cycles. Loss of corrosion resistance during welding takes place when oxygen levels in shield and purge gases are high enough to deplete the chromium content.
This paper presents a study that investigates the corrosion behavior of annealed 2205 duplex stainless steel in sulphuric acid environment. Duplex 2205 stainless steel black bar in ASTM A276 was obtained and annealed in solite furnace for 45 minutes. A control sample which was not heat treated was also prepared. The annealed and the control samples which were metallographically prepared were then analyzed for corrosion behavior in sulphuric acid using potentiodynamic test/analysis. The potentiodynamic polarization plot generated showed that the annealed samples exhibit less corrosion resistance than the untreated samples, indicating that annealing heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel in sulphuric acid.
Effect of Solution heat treatment on microstructure and "pitting corrosion "of the
austenitic stainless steel (316 L) is actualized.Agreeing to "ASTM (G71-31)" a figure
of samples for corrosion inspection were prepared with the dimensions of (15 * 15 *
3) mm then divided into sets and heated in electrical furnace at (1060C )for half
hour some of them were quenched in distilled water and the other quench by distil
water with (PVA)which added at different percentage(0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9%)gm/liter .
Microstructure of all specimens were examined also the corrosion conduct using
simulation body fluid. Results of microstructure examination show appearance of
many phases. The corrosion rate of all specimens which subjected to solution heat
treatment was higher comparing with the corrosion rate of base alloy. Solution heat
treatment in distil water and in distil water with high percentage of PVA (0.7, 0.9)
contributed in increases in corrosion rate but when decreases the percentage to (
0.3,0.5) the corrosion rate was decreased due to the increases in cooling rate .
die and die materials are important in fixed partial dentures, to get the accuracy. this seminar describes die materials, its ideal requirements, and various die systems available.
dentowoman03@gmail.com
visit my youtube channel : dentowoman
Concrete is today’s main building material. Modern infrastructure, road and bridge construction would be inconceivable without concrete as would skyscrapers and industrial buildings. Concrete is a versatile building material used especially in civil engineering in combination with steel. Concrete and reinforced concrete are building materials that have significantly changed construction. Despite concrete’s durability, serious concrete damage that endangers a building’s existence frequently occurs. The main cause of concrete damage is reinforcement steel corrosion due to environmental influences.
Subject is pharmaceutical engineering.
in study of various material are used in pharma. industry the chapter name is Material of pharmaceutical plant construction.
CONTENTS is..
-general study of composition
-properties of material
-construction with special reference to S.S and glass.
Copy of biomaterials in orthodontics 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Mechanism of different chemical attacks in a concrete like chloride attack, sulfate attack , which causes corrosion and spalling. Other reactions are alkali aggregate reaction , alkali silica reaction in concrete etc.
Concrete is today’s main building material. Modern infrastructure, road and bridge construction would be inconceivable without concrete as would skyscrapers and industrial buildings. Concrete is a versatile building material used especially in civil engineering in combination with steel. Concrete and reinforced concrete are building materials that have significantly changed construction. Despite concrete’s durability, serious concrete damage that endangers a building’s existence frequently occurs. The main cause of concrete damage is reinforcement steel corrosion due to environmental influences.
Subject is pharmaceutical engineering.
in study of various material are used in pharma. industry the chapter name is Material of pharmaceutical plant construction.
CONTENTS is..
-general study of composition
-properties of material
-construction with special reference to S.S and glass.
Copy of biomaterials in orthodontics 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Mechanism of different chemical attacks in a concrete like chloride attack, sulfate attack , which causes corrosion and spalling. Other reactions are alkali aggregate reaction , alkali silica reaction in concrete etc.
Quality Control in Concrete and Durability factors : An overviewbybyRAJESH PRASAD,IRSE, CPM/M, RVNL. KOLKATA. An interesting and informative presentation....
14 Types of Corrosion explained in an awesome manner
Update 26 June 2019: I have enabled the Download option and now everyone can download the "Types of corrosions" PPT and reuse the slides :) I wish I have done this earlier.
Follow my blogs at https://www.geekdashboard.com/
This is a presentation on hydrogen induced cracking ,sulfide stress cracking and test procedure for HIC resistant steel
DENZIL D’SOUZA
denzil22@gmail.com
Gear pump operation & maintenance.
REF: https://bin95.com/vocational-training/maintenance/reliability-training.htm
A gear pump uses two meshing, toothed cogs to force liquid from the inlet of the pump through to the outlet.
Being a positive displacement pump there deliver very precise quantities for each revolution, and this means they have good dosing characteristics
regardless of their speed or the pressure into which they discharge. Keywords: internal, external teeth, pressure relief, viscosity.
Excerpt: "The design of a gear pump lends itself to use with clean liquids. Ensure they draw liquid from well above the
bottom of the supply tank in clear liquid space. Both low and high viscosity liquids can be pumped. If food
grade products sensitive to shear (i.e., where the churning action of the pump breaks cells and fibers) are to be
pumped the size of the pump will need to be increased and the speed reduced."
64-page Excerpt from Process Hazards Analysis Book ( https://bin95.com/ebooks/hazop_risk_management.htm ) by Ian Sutton.
Process Hazards Analyses (PHAs) are an integral part of any process safety program. If you cannot identify hazards then you can neither remove them nor mitigate against them. This book describes in detail how to run a Process Hazards Analysis, and how to effectively identify hazards. The book focuses on real-world issues such as the role of the leader, team selection, writing the final report, quantification of risk, and follow-up to findings.
Quotations and topics raised in the book include the following:
* A PHA leader "comforts the afflicted but afflicts the comfortable"
* Don't confuse "common cause" with "root cause"
If it's not there, it can't leak
* Deciding whether to focus on high risk or on high consequence hazards
* The importance of MAWP values
* Distinguish between Findings, Recommendations, and Action Items
This book has been reviewed by the authoritative journal Chemical Engineering. A copy of that review is accessible at the link above.
This Machinery Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting handout is from our instructor-based PLC Training.
Learn more about troubleshooting at https://bin95.com/vocational-training/electrical/electrical-troubleshooting-plc-troubleshooting.htm
Understanding physics is the first and critical step to troubleshooting. Then we apply it to PLC troubleshooting, all in one simple handout page.
This Book https://bin95.com/ebooks/quality-course-management.htm is Currently Used At Universities And The Q-Course Foundation Exams Are Approved By State Ministry For Education.
This book is for everyone involved in quality in an organization. This book will help you obtain total quality management, a must-read for the organizational change management process. Also offers experience in testing & quality standards and methodologies of TMap, Testframe, ITIL, ISO 9001, TQM, Prince2, RUP, CMM, TMM, and ISEB.
The book excerpts here are ...
* Quality & Organization
* The Development Process
* Quality in the Project Organization
A 28-page sample from Process Risk Management book https://bin95.com/ebooks/risk_tree_analysis.htm by Ian Sutton.
The Process Risk Management EBook - Ian Sutton uses methods such as risk tree analysis combined with process safety information to help you gain an accurate operational risk assessment. This 272-page HSE book is a must-read for the HSE Manager and those studying process hazards analysis.
Excellent safety and environmental performance in the process industries does not happen by chance; after all, most process facilities handle large quantities of toxic, flammable, and explosive materials, often at high temperatures and pressure. Such processes are inherently hazardous. Therefore process risk must be properly understood and managed.
This simple equipment reliability example is used to convey the basics of reliability engineering. Learn the 4 system reliability factors that must all be addressed. Download the full 235 slide Reliability and Maintenance Management Course PowerPoint today at https://bin95.com/articles/maintenance-management/equipment-reliability-examples.htm
Before you seek SCADA Training, reading this #free article should be your first step. Then you will get #SCADA training that actually helps you succeed in the real world.
Answer to most simple PLC programming example we placed at https://www.slideshare.net/bin95/plcclock to see if those starting out with PLC programming could figure out how to fix. The fix is in, this it.
(Adam Bowman was the first one to find the problems in Quiz version of this program and give a detailed solution, congrats Adam. the version you are viewing here, PLCCLOCK-ANSW.rss is one possible working solution for the PLC clock program.)
This Siemens plc programming example PDF 2 is an expansion the counter PDF example 1.and has counter structured text programming example. Also a supporting video and more programming samples can be found at http://bin95.com/Siemens-Training/siemens-plc-programming-examples.htm
Free PLC training PowerPoint from the 1 hour webinar we did for the Association for Facilities Engineering. Of course with 30 slides and instructor notes for each, because as those who use our training know, we give extra. Actually we went over by 45 min on this PLC training and we didn't even talk about the extra PLC training slides in this one. We start with what is a PLC put in the most simplest form possible, and then get you a little taste of our best practice PLC training and approach from our PLC training seminars and on-site PLc training.
How IR Infrared Thermography Training and certification can greatly improve process and manufacturing reliability, increase electrical contractors and home improvement specialist's business revenue, and improve the individual's career opportunities. The Online Infrared Training Center opens new doors for both businesses and individuals. Watch and share this Infrared Thermography presentation to learn more.
PLC Networking Basics powerpoint downloadable and with instructor's notes to give more detail. This learning project is networking 5 computers to one Controllogix PAC (advanced PLC) via WiFi. PLC/PAC are automation controllers in process and manufacturing industries primarily. Although PLC/PAC are also used to control all infrastructure and have many niche applications. This basic networking mini course may be of interest to Maintenance, Maintenance Technician, Electrician, Industrial Electrician, Electrical Technician, Electromechanic Technician, Engineer, Engineering, Industrial Engineer, Control Engineer, Plant Engineer, Manufacturing Engineer, Instrument Tech, E/I, SCADA Technician, Controls Specialist, Process Control Technician, Service Technician, Field Service Technician, I&C Team Leader, Electrical Contractors, PLC Instructors, Electrical Instructors, Industrial Technology Instructors, Production Support Technician, Lead Technician, DCS Engineer, DCS Administrator, Water Treatment Specialist, Master Technician, Utility Technician, Technologist, Production Mechanic, HVAC Mechanic, Maintenance Superintendent, Engineering Manager, Project Engineer, Production Supervisor, IT Manager, Facility Service Supervisor and others.
PLC Networking Basics using a Controllogix module also has an associated interactive youtube course that uses an intro project of networking multiple class laptops to a single Controllogix 5000 PLC/PAC. This powerpoint is for reference and additional information to supplement the course at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Au03psa9Vxk The PLC Networking Basics course has a total of 4 training modules (videos), each with it's own question at end, before directing you to next Controllogix tutorial. There is also an associated test for this training course at http://bin95.com/Employee-Training-Assessments/PLC-Training-Assessment/PLC-Networking-Basics-Controllogix.php
Hope you like and share, which will encourage us to create more of these free courses.
This powerpoint has a video attached that help remind me of the pride the USMC bestowed on me and hopefully will you too. We are proud of our Veterans and thank you and your families for all you give and gave.
Instructions to help YOU support #WorkforceWednesdays next Wednesday. Like to contact your Senators or Representative to let them know NOT to consolidate and cut Federal Workforce Development programs like the WIA and a dozen more. #SaveOurSkills, #wkdev
Take your manufacturing company to the next level of Lean TPM with Autonomous Maintenance Level 2 Training Program. (Warning: May result in higher equipment operator ownership and increased equipment reliability. Also been known to result in higher company profits.) So consult your Lean manufacturing practitioners before using AM2 training program. :>)
1. Process Plant and Equipment Up-time
The basic engineering tradesmen and operators need to keep plant reliability up and operating costs down.
Monthly from www.feedforward.com.au – The world best practice plant and equipment maintenance site.
CHEMICAL CORROSION CONTROL
ABSTRACT hydrochloric acid storage tanks and plastic lining of
Chemical corrosion control. Chemical corrosion process piping are examples. Teflon coating can
can destroy the containment materials in contact protect a stainless steel sparge feeding sulphuric
with a process. Means exist to mitigate and even acid into a mixing vessel.
prevent chemical corrosion. Keywords: process Rubber linings normally fail at joins. Check the
conditions, material compatibility, resistant, correct procedure is used when they are mounted in
coating, lining, stress corrosion, rate of corrosion, place.
spark testing.
Always test the coating to prove there are no holes.
ACCEPTABLE CORROSION High voltage spark testing is used on thick coatings
At times chemical corrosion is acceptable and one and linings while the low voltage ‘wet sponge’
need only allow for it by using thicker materials. method is used on thin coatings.
An example is the storage of sulphuric acid in mild
steel tanks at ambient conditions and concentrations CHANGED MATERIAL PROPERTIES
higher than 80%. Though the acid attacks the Heat from welding processes alters the metal
metal, the rate of corrosion is extremely slow. properties at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the
Using thick walled steel tanks with a corrosion weld. Stresses are introduced into the metal and
allowance which takes decades to thin can be a grain microstructures are altered. Consideration of
cost-effective option. the welding method, weld procedure and use of
stress relief can mitigate the effects.
Sulphuric acid absorbs moisture from the air. If the
top layer in a mild steel tank is left undisturbed it The effect of welding is particularly evident when
will dilute and attack the steel. A 12mm steel plate hot caustic solutions are contained in mild steel
can corrode through in 12 months. Circulating the vessels. Unless stress relieved, chemical attack can
acid weekly if it is stored in carbon steel tanks. For occur at the HAZ of the welds.
small quantities of sulphuric acid a suitable plastic
tank can solve the storage and corrosion problem CONSIDER PROCESS CONDITIONS
cheaply. Using corrosion tables without considering all the
process conditions can lead to poor materials
SELECT RESISTANT MATERIALS selection. Most published data on compatibility do
Using more resistant materials will reduce the effect not take into affect agitated conditions. Some data
of chemical attack. Specialist metals and non- only applies to ambient temperatures. Data is
metals to contain aggressive environments are normally not available on the effect of aeration.
available. These can be expensive and their use is Nor is data readily available on the effect of other
based on their cost effectiveness. contaminants, for example chlorides with stainless
In particular, select low corrosion rate metals for steels.
diaphragms used in process instrumentation. It is In uncertain or changeable situations will occur in a
false economy to select a 316 stainless steel vessel consult the material manufacturer and ask for
diaphragm for a pressure transmitter on a tank of their advice. If they cannot help, then the only
98% sulphuric acid. Though corrosion tables remaining option is to conduct your own laboratory
indicate 316 stainless has a low corrosion rate, tests or field trials.
experience shows that after two years of service the
diaphragm can fail by pin holing. For an additional The chemical compatibility table below was
20% cost a Hastalloy C diaphragm provides a derived from numerous published data. The most
corrosion life 10 times longer. conservative temperatures were selected. Where no
temperatures are shown ambient conditions apply.
COMPATIBLE COATINGS AND LININGS
Prevent chemical attack by coating in a material Chemical corrosion control and mitigation requires
unaffected by the chemical. Rubber lining of creative use of a few basic principles.
Web: http://www.feedforward.com.au. E-mail: mailto:info@feedforward.com.au.
DISCLAIMER: Because the authors and publisher do not know the context in which the information
presented is to be used they accept no responsibility for the consequences of using the information.
2. CHEMICAL SULPHURI SULPHURIC SULPHURI HYDROCHLORI CAUSTIC CAUSTIC GASOLINE DIESEL DEMIN SEA ETHYL
S >> C ACID ACID 80% C ACID C ACID 28% 50% 25% PETROL FUEL WATER WATER ALCOHOL
98% LESS THAN
80%
METALS Hastalloy C Hastalloy C (95 Hastalloy B Hastalloy B (70 C) 316L Stainless 316L Stainless 316 L 316 L 316 L Stainless 316 L Carbon steel
(95 C) C) (100 C) steel (95 C) steel (80 C) Stainless Stainless steel Stainless
steel steel steel
In order of 316L Stainless 316L Stainless Alloy 20 (60 C) Hastalloy C (40 C) Carbon steel Bronze, Brass Bronze 316 L
corrosion steel steel Stainless
steel
resistance
Carbon steel Carbon steel Carbon steel (40 Carbon steel (95 Carbon steel Bronze
C) C)
PLASTICS Teflon (95 C) Teflon (95 C) Teflon (95 C) Teflon (150 C) uPVC (60 C) uPVC (60 C) uPVC (60 C) Teflon (180 Teflon (200 C) Polyethyle Polypropylene
C) ne (80 C) (80 C)
In order of Polypropylene Polypropylene Polypropylene uPVC (60 C) ABS (60 C) ABS (60 C) Polyethylene uPVC (60 C) uPVC (60 uPVC (60 C)
temperatur (80 C) (80 C) (80 C) (60 C) C)
e limits
uPVC (60 C) uPVC (60 C) uPVC (60 C) Polyethylene (60 C) Polyethylene (40 Polyethylene (60
C) C)
Polyethylene ABS (60 C)
(60 C)
ELASTOM Hypalon (50 Viton (60 C) Viton (120 C) Viton (180 C) Hypalon (140 C) Hypalon (120 C) Viton (50 C) Nitrile Buna-N EPDM (95 C) Hard Nitrile Buna-N
C) (80 C) Rubber (60 C)
ER
(80 C)
(Rubber)
In order of Viton (20 C) Hypalon (50 C) Neoprene (95 Natural rubber (95 Neoprene (95 C) Neoprene (95 C) Nitrile Buna-N Viton (80 C) Hard Rubber (80 Nitrile EPDM (40 C)
temperatur C) C) (80 C) C) Buna-N
(80 C)
e limits
Hypalon (50 C) Hard Rubber (80 Hard Rubber (80 Neoprene (80 C) Viton (80
C) C) C)
COATINGS Fiberglass & Epoxy resins (95 C) Epoxy resins (50 Vinyll ester
vinyl ester (95 C)
C)
Fiberglass & vinyl Fiberglass & vinyl Fiberglass & vinyl
ester (80 C) ester ester
Asphalt resin (50 C)
Table No. 1 Chemical compatibility of various materials in various chemicals
Mike Sondalini –
Equipment Longevity Engineer
Web: http://www.feedforward.com.au. E-mail: mailto:info@feedforward.com.au.
DISCLAIMER: Because the authors and publisher do not know the context in which the information
presented is to be used they accept no responsibility for the consequences of using the information.