The document explains the different states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, highlighting their properties and particle arrangements. It details the changes of state, including melting, freezing, boiling, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation, emphasizing energy transfer in these processes. Additionally, it covers characteristic properties such as physical and chemical properties, which help in identifying substances.

1. The teacher:
The class:
A state of matter is the physical form of a
substance. The particles that make up for each
state of matter are arranged differently

2. The state of matter in which particles are fixed in a rigid
structure is a solid. A solid does not change shape or size
because its particles do not move around.
Definite shape and definite volume

3. • A liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volumen but
does not have a definite shape.
• Particles are not as close together as they are in a solid.
• The particles in a liquid move and slide past each other.

4. Surface tension is the tendency of fluid surfaces to shrink into
the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension allows
insects, usually denser than water, to float and slide on a
water surface

6. • Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to Flow.
• The stronger the action between particles, the more
viscous the liqduid.

7. • A gas is the state of matter that has no fixed shape or volume
• The shape and volumen of a gas can change over tme
• The particles are far apart and move freely

8. • A change of state occurs when a substance changes
from one physical from to another

9. • Melting is the change of state that happens when a solid turns
into a liquid
• In most cases, energy must be added for a substance to melt,
for example, ice on a stove absorbs heat energy
• Freezing is the change of state that happens when a liquid
becomes a solid
• In most cases, energy must be removed for a substance to
freeze, for example, put water on your fridge, the liquid will
lose energy and slow down, the particles will get closer to one
another, becoming solid.

11. • Boiling is the change of state that happens when a liquid
turns into a gas. Like melting, boiling usually requires
energy

12. • Evaporation also involves a change of state, from liquid to gas,
but unlike boiling, evaportation occurs only at the surface of a
liquid
• Condensation happens when a gas turns into a liquid, in this case
water vapor in the air condenses into liquid water.

13. • Sublimation is the change of state in which a solid changes
directly into a gas, without going through liquid state first.
• Sublimation happens
to some substances
like dry ice, solid
carbon dioxide or
snow.

14. • A PP is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed
without changing the substance
• Examples: Lenght, heigh, width, mass, shape, state.

15. • A characteristic property does not depend on the amount of
the substance. This means that even the sammlest sampleof
substance will have the same characteristics
• Characteristic properties are important because it helps you
identify a substance
Can you identify the substance?
• Liquid at room temperature
• Boiling point 100°C
• Colorless, clear
• Density is 1g/cm3
Do these properties depend on the amount of substance?

16. • A CM is a property of matter that describes a substance’s
ability to change into a new substance.
• Examples: Formation of rust in metals
• Reactivity is the ability of substances to combine with one
another to form a new substance.
• Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn or ignite,
flammables materials like alcochols, paper or Wood burn in
the presence of oxygen.