2. What is matter?
Anything made of particles. It has mass and
volume (takes up space). Matter can be in
the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
3. Physical Property- A trait of
matter that can be observed or
measured without changing the
chemical composition of the
matter.
No chemical reactions allowed!
4. 1. Color – how the object
absorbs and reflects light
15. 10. State (phase) of matter
What is the 4th state of
matter (rare on Earth)?
16. 11) Melting Point/Freezing
Point -
The exact temperature at
which a solid becomes a
liquid or a liquid becomes
a solid.
For H2O, what
temperature is this?
12) Boiling Point/
Condensation Point -
The exact temperature at
which a liquid becomes a
gas or a gas becomes a
liquid.
For H2O, what
temperature is this?
EVERY PURE SUBSTANCE HAS AN
EXACT MELTING/FREEZING POINT
AND AN EXACT
BOILING/CONDENSATION POINT!
17. Intensive vs. Extensive
Properties of Matter
Intensive property- One
that DOES NOT depend
on the amount of the
substance present.
Examples so far:
Extensive property- One
that DOES depend on
the amount of the
substance present.
Examples so far:
18. Intensive properties are determined by the chemical
composition of the particles and their structure
(arrangement). (intensive ~ internal)
19. Extensive Properties
• Depend only on the number of particles,
not on their composition or internal
arrangement.
(extensive ~ external)
20. Chemical Property- A trait of matter
that can only be observed if a
substance has the property. In the
process of testing the chemical
property, the substance changes
composition if it has that property.
i.e. Does the substance chemically
“react with” something else?
25. 5) Chemical formula (chemical composition):
What something is made of is always a
chemical property.
Ex: rust is Fe2O3
water is H2O
diamond is C
26. All chemical properties are
intensive. None are extensive.
• Why?
• Because chemical properties never
depend on how much of a substance is
present, but only on what kind of particles
make up the substance.
28. A characteristic property is
- a distinctive property that helps you
determine the identity of a material.
Properties that ARE characteristic:
Properties that are NOT characteristic:
29. Take out your notes from
yesterday…
• A few more physical properties that have
to do with today’s lab activity…….
30. 13. Hardness
Measure of
how easily a
material is
scratched.
MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE
10 Diamond
6.5 Ceramic
5.5 Glass
3.5 Penny
2.5 Fingernail
1 Talc
31. What is the
hardness of
a material
that
scratched
your
fingernail but
not a penny?
MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE
10 Diamond
6.5 Ceramic
5.5 Glass
3.5 Penny
2.5 Fingernail
1 Talc
32. 14. Streak
The color left
behind when
a material is
rubbed
against a
porcelain
plate
(warning:
streak can
be white).
36. Intensive properties make the
best characteristic properties
because…
Intensive properties are determined
by the composition and structure
of matter. They never change!