This paper presents the synthesis of compound using Citrate Precursor Sol- Gel Method and Ball millingfor grinding the compound. X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure. The average crystallite size was calculated using XRD pattern and confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The electromagnetic properties were investigated using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and molar magnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnetic measurements have proved that the entire preparation method has considerable effect in enhancing the magnetic properties of the system. And an application of PMBLDC machine design with ferrite coated permanent magnets having competitive power density and efficiency. The influence of temperature variation on the magnets on the electric machine performance is also observed.
FTIR Studies and Dielectric Properties of Cu Substituted Nano Crystalline Nic...IOSR Journals
1) Nano crystalline Cu doped Ni-Zn ferrites were successfully synthesized using the citrate-gel auto combustion method at 1800°C.
2) X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single phase cubic structure across all samples with an average crystallite size of 24-73nm.
3) FTIR studies showed vibration frequencies between 376-391 cm-1 and 556-575 cm-1, confirming the cubic spinel structure.
4) Dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant, loss tangent, and AC conductivity, were found to decrease with increasing frequency for all samples per normal ferromagnetic material behavior.
Fabrication, Structural and Optical Properties of Ni and Cr Doped ZnO Nanocom...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the fabrication, structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of undoped and Ni, Cr co-daped ZnO nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were synthesized via a facile precipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the nanocomposites crystallized in the hexagonal wurtzite structure without impurities. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the nanoparticles were uniformly distributed and spherical in shape, ranging in size from 25-44 nm. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed the optical bandgap decreased from 3.19 eV to 2.99 eV with doping, which is desirable for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications. Photoluminescence spectroscopy
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cu Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrit...IJERA Editor
The ferrite nano particles having chemical formula Ni0.2CuxZn0.8-xFe2O4 (where x=0.0 to 0.8 with step of 0.2) were synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at low temperature. The synthesized powders were sintered at 500oC for 4 hours in air and characterised by XRD, SEM with EDS. XRD analysis of prepared samples were confirmed the single phase cubic spinel Structure. The crystallite size (D) of prepared ferrites were in the range of 24-73nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) decreased and X-ray density (dx) were increased with the increasing of Cu substitution. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size.
Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synth...ijtsrd
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), an inverse spinal ferrite has high permeability, good saturation 1magnetization and no preferred direction of magnetization, high Curie temperature, and high electromagnetic performance. In the present work 0.2M cobalt nitrate 0.3M ferric nitrate and 0.4 M citric acid is used to synthesis cobalt ferrite nanoparticle by sol-gel technique. As the magnetic property depends on the grain size of the synthesized nanoparticle, metal nitrate to citric acid ratio is varied from 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 and the structural, functional morphological and magnetic characteristics are analyzed. The structural analysis shows the decrease in the average crystallite from 37 to 27nm when CAMN ratio decreases from 0.8 to 0.4. The strain is directly proportional to dislocation density and it reflects the growth of the average grain size, and in the present study, it reflects the same. The calculated lattice parameter is found to be close to 8.373 Ã… and the volume of the cell is found to be 5.63x10-28 m is close to the standard value for the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. From the EDS spectrum, the presence of Co, Fe, and O in the synthesized nanoparticles are noted. Functional groups analysis by FTIR shows the presence of organic sources. Surface morphology by Scanning electron microscope shows the distribution of spherical sized nanoparticles agglomerated in different sizes and the grain size calculated by image J software are close to the calculated value by Scherrer formula from XRD. Chitra | T Raguram | K S Rajni"Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15871.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/15871/microstructural-and-magnetic-properties-of-cobalt-ferrite-nanoparticles-synthesized-by-sol-gel-technique/chitra
Consistently High Voc Values in p-i-n Type Perovskite Solar Cells Using Ni3+-...Pawan Kumar
Leading edge p-i-n type halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) severely underperform n-i-p PSCs. p-i-n type PSCs that use PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers (HTLs) struggle to generate open-circuit photovoltage values higher than 1 V. NiO HTLs have shown greater promise in achieving high Voc values albeit inconsistently. In this report, a NiO nanomesh with Ni3+ defect grown by the hydrothermal method was used to obtain PSCs with Voc values that consistently exceeded 1.10 V (champion Voc = 1.14 V). A champion device photoconversion efficiency of 17.75% was observed. Density functional theory modeling was used to understand the interfacial properties of the NiO/perovskite interface. The PCE of PSCs constructed using the Ni3+-doped NiO nanomesh HTL was ∼34% higher than that of conventional compact NiO-based perovskite solar cells. A suite of characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence, steady-state photoluminescence, and Kelvin probe force microscopy provided evidence of better film quality, enhanced charge transfer, and suppressed charge recombination in PSCs based on hydrothermally grown NiO nanostructures.
A novel preparation of magnetic hydroxyapatite nanotubesDankook University
This document describes a novel preparation of magnetic hydroxyapatite nanotubes (MHAnt). Magnetite nanoparticles were embedded in a poly(caprolactone) nanofiber template using electrospinning. The nanofiber surface was activated and deposited with an apatite mineral phase through a solution-mediated process. After heat treatment, hollow nanotubes formed with hydroxyapatite as the outer shell and magnetite nanoparticles lining the inner shell. The nanotubes exhibited a ferromagnetic property with a saturation magnetization of 27.20 emu/g. The magnetic hydroxyapatite nanotubes could be useful for biomedical applications such as hyperthermia treatment of bone cancer.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cation distribution of Ni2+ and Mg2+ ions improve structure and Magnetic Prop...AI Publications
In the present work, ferromagnetic Ni is slightly substituted for diamagnetic Mg spinal ferrites. The effect of Ni doping on the structural and magnetic properties of ferrites material in the form of NixMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25, .0.3,0.35) has been the study. The Sol-gel auto Combustion method used to combine these substances uses urea as fuel. Sintered samples were shown using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a vibrating magnetometer sample. X-ray diffraction revealed that all the composite samples were pure cubic spinel arrays with a Fd3m space band and a permanent lattice that varied with Ni concentrations. the distribution of Ni2 + ions and Mg2+ ions in spinel ferrites indicates various changes in parameters such as tetrahedral ionic radius (rA), octahedral ionic radius (rB), hopping length (LA and LB). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) simulations showed wire vibration at the tetrahedral site and Octahedral site. spinel ferrites M-H curves are recorded at room temperature indicating normal hysteresis loop indicating the magnetic field.
FTIR Studies and Dielectric Properties of Cu Substituted Nano Crystalline Nic...IOSR Journals
1) Nano crystalline Cu doped Ni-Zn ferrites were successfully synthesized using the citrate-gel auto combustion method at 1800°C.
2) X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single phase cubic structure across all samples with an average crystallite size of 24-73nm.
3) FTIR studies showed vibration frequencies between 376-391 cm-1 and 556-575 cm-1, confirming the cubic spinel structure.
4) Dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant, loss tangent, and AC conductivity, were found to decrease with increasing frequency for all samples per normal ferromagnetic material behavior.
Fabrication, Structural and Optical Properties of Ni and Cr Doped ZnO Nanocom...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the fabrication, structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of undoped and Ni, Cr co-daped ZnO nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were synthesized via a facile precipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the nanocomposites crystallized in the hexagonal wurtzite structure without impurities. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the nanoparticles were uniformly distributed and spherical in shape, ranging in size from 25-44 nm. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed the optical bandgap decreased from 3.19 eV to 2.99 eV with doping, which is desirable for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications. Photoluminescence spectroscopy
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cu Substituted Ni-Zn Nano-Ferrit...IJERA Editor
The ferrite nano particles having chemical formula Ni0.2CuxZn0.8-xFe2O4 (where x=0.0 to 0.8 with step of 0.2) were synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion method at low temperature. The synthesized powders were sintered at 500oC for 4 hours in air and characterised by XRD, SEM with EDS. XRD analysis of prepared samples were confirmed the single phase cubic spinel Structure. The crystallite size (D) of prepared ferrites were in the range of 24-73nm. The values of lattice parameter (a) decreased and X-ray density (dx) were increased with the increasing of Cu substitution. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). An elemental composition of the samples was studied by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS). The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition and crystal size.
Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synth...ijtsrd
Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), an inverse spinal ferrite has high permeability, good saturation 1magnetization and no preferred direction of magnetization, high Curie temperature, and high electromagnetic performance. In the present work 0.2M cobalt nitrate 0.3M ferric nitrate and 0.4 M citric acid is used to synthesis cobalt ferrite nanoparticle by sol-gel technique. As the magnetic property depends on the grain size of the synthesized nanoparticle, metal nitrate to citric acid ratio is varied from 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 and the structural, functional morphological and magnetic characteristics are analyzed. The structural analysis shows the decrease in the average crystallite from 37 to 27nm when CAMN ratio decreases from 0.8 to 0.4. The strain is directly proportional to dislocation density and it reflects the growth of the average grain size, and in the present study, it reflects the same. The calculated lattice parameter is found to be close to 8.373 Ã… and the volume of the cell is found to be 5.63x10-28 m is close to the standard value for the cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. From the EDS spectrum, the presence of Co, Fe, and O in the synthesized nanoparticles are noted. Functional groups analysis by FTIR shows the presence of organic sources. Surface morphology by Scanning electron microscope shows the distribution of spherical sized nanoparticles agglomerated in different sizes and the grain size calculated by image J software are close to the calculated value by Scherrer formula from XRD. Chitra | T Raguram | K S Rajni"Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15871.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/other/15871/microstructural-and-magnetic-properties-of-cobalt-ferrite-nanoparticles-synthesized-by-sol-gel-technique/chitra
Consistently High Voc Values in p-i-n Type Perovskite Solar Cells Using Ni3+-...Pawan Kumar
Leading edge p-i-n type halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) severely underperform n-i-p PSCs. p-i-n type PSCs that use PEDOT:PSS hole transport layers (HTLs) struggle to generate open-circuit photovoltage values higher than 1 V. NiO HTLs have shown greater promise in achieving high Voc values albeit inconsistently. In this report, a NiO nanomesh with Ni3+ defect grown by the hydrothermal method was used to obtain PSCs with Voc values that consistently exceeded 1.10 V (champion Voc = 1.14 V). A champion device photoconversion efficiency of 17.75% was observed. Density functional theory modeling was used to understand the interfacial properties of the NiO/perovskite interface. The PCE of PSCs constructed using the Ni3+-doped NiO nanomesh HTL was ∼34% higher than that of conventional compact NiO-based perovskite solar cells. A suite of characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence, steady-state photoluminescence, and Kelvin probe force microscopy provided evidence of better film quality, enhanced charge transfer, and suppressed charge recombination in PSCs based on hydrothermally grown NiO nanostructures.
A novel preparation of magnetic hydroxyapatite nanotubesDankook University
This document describes a novel preparation of magnetic hydroxyapatite nanotubes (MHAnt). Magnetite nanoparticles were embedded in a poly(caprolactone) nanofiber template using electrospinning. The nanofiber surface was activated and deposited with an apatite mineral phase through a solution-mediated process. After heat treatment, hollow nanotubes formed with hydroxyapatite as the outer shell and magnetite nanoparticles lining the inner shell. The nanotubes exhibited a ferromagnetic property with a saturation magnetization of 27.20 emu/g. The magnetic hydroxyapatite nanotubes could be useful for biomedical applications such as hyperthermia treatment of bone cancer.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cation distribution of Ni2+ and Mg2+ ions improve structure and Magnetic Prop...AI Publications
In the present work, ferromagnetic Ni is slightly substituted for diamagnetic Mg spinal ferrites. The effect of Ni doping on the structural and magnetic properties of ferrites material in the form of NixMg1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25, .0.3,0.35) has been the study. The Sol-gel auto Combustion method used to combine these substances uses urea as fuel. Sintered samples were shown using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a vibrating magnetometer sample. X-ray diffraction revealed that all the composite samples were pure cubic spinel arrays with a Fd3m space band and a permanent lattice that varied with Ni concentrations. the distribution of Ni2 + ions and Mg2+ ions in spinel ferrites indicates various changes in parameters such as tetrahedral ionic radius (rA), octahedral ionic radius (rB), hopping length (LA and LB). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) simulations showed wire vibration at the tetrahedral site and Octahedral site. spinel ferrites M-H curves are recorded at room temperature indicating normal hysteresis loop indicating the magnetic field.
EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRESijoejournal
Copper nanowires were prepared through electrochemical template synthesis using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes having nominal pore sizes of 800nm and 15nm diameter. The 800nm and 15nm nanowires thus grown were viewed under SEM and TEM respectively, while their FCC crystallographic structure was confirmed through X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated strong texturing for (200). The texturing was found to reduce significantly upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Structural and Dielectric Studies of Cerium Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nano P...theijes
Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-XO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD; the particle size ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping suggests that there is shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinal structure was clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2O4.The XRD pattern also show that all the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinal structure. Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Ce3+ in parent crystal structure.
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
This document provides an overview of magnetic nanocomposite materials. It discusses how nanocomposite materials with magnetic particles embedded in a matrix can have properties different from conventional composites due to interactions at the nanoscale. The document then reviews the history of magnetic nanocomposites, including early amorphous alloys and more recent developments like FINEMET, NANOPERM, and HITPERM which use crystalline nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous matrix. Recent advances in preparation of functional nanocomposites and hybrid materials are also summarized, including core-shell nanoparticles, colloidal crystals, mesoporous composites, and functional magnetic polymers.
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Improvement Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO/ PVA Nanocompositesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a seminar on magnetic nanocomposites. It discusses how nanocomposites have particles mixed at the nanoscale, including magnetic nanocomposites containing ferromagnetic particles. The history of magnetic nanocomposites is reviewed, from early amorphous alloys to developments in the 1980s-1990s of alloys like FINEMET, NANOPERM, and HITPERM. Recent developments discussed include core-shell nanoparticles, colloidal crystals, mesoporous nanocomposites, and functional polymers. Applications mentioned are using magnetic fields to destroy tumor cells, transformers, and DC-DC power converters. Challenges remaining are controlled synthesis, understanding mechanisms, cost, toxicity
Wafer scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide with enhance...Journal Papers
1) The document describes a study on wafer-scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) with enhanced quaternary-N content for high-performance photodetection.
2) Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the morphology, atomic structure, elemental composition and defects of N-rGO produced under different plasma treatment conditions. N-rGO treated at 20W for 10min showed uniform film formation with nitrogen doping and carbon deposition.
3) XPS and Raman analysis confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen into the graphene lattice, with major pyridinic-N content. This reduced defects and improved the structural and electronic properties of N-rGO compared to reduced graphene oxide
Noble Metal Free, Visible Light Driven Photocatalysis Using TiO2 Nanotube Arr...Pawan Kumar
Bulk g-C3N4 is an earth-abundant, easily synthesizable, and exceptionally stable photocatalyst with an electronic bandgap of 2.7 eV. Herein, the concepts of P-doping and size quantization are combined to synthesize highly fluorescent P-doped carbon nitride quantum dots (CNPQDs) with a bandgap of 2.1 eV. CNPQDs are hosted on anatase-phase and rutile-phase TiO2 nanotube array scaffolds, and examined as photoanodes for sunlight-driven water-splitting and as photocatalysts for surface catalytic reactions. Square-shaped rutile phase TiO2 nanotube arrays (STNAs) decorated with CNPQDs (CNPQD-STNA) generate 2.54 mA cm−2 photocurrent under AM1.5 G simulated sunlight. A champion hydrogen evolution rate of 22 µmol h−1 corresponds to a Faradaic efficiency of 93.2%. In conjunction with Ag nanoparticles (NPs), the CNPQD-STNA hybrid is also found to be an excellent plexcitonic photocatalyst for the visible light-driven transformation of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) to dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB), producing reaction completion at a laser power of 1 mW (532 nm) while Ag NP/TNA and Ag NP/STNA photocatalysts cannot complete this transformation even at 10 mW laser power. The results point the way forward for photochemically robust, noble metal free, visible light harvesting photoacatalysts based on nanostructured heterojunctions of graphenic frameworks with TiO2.
Preliminary study of poly (tetrahydrofurturyl acrylate) thin film as a potent...Journal Papers
This document describes a preliminary study on using a photocurable poly-tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (pTHFA) membrane as an alternative sensing matrix for ion selective electrode (ISE) sensors, specifically a nitrate ion-selective electrode. The pTHFA membrane was synthesized using photopolymerization with varying concentrations of photoinitiator and characterized. Composition II with a glass transition temperature of -17.3°C showed the best sensing properties. This membrane was used to fabricate a nitrate ISE sensor by immobilizing tetraoctylammonium nitrate ionophore. The sensor exhibited a near-Nernstian slope and detected nitrate ions from 10-1 to 10-4 M with high selectivity
Design of fragment screening libraries (Feb 2010 version)Peter Kenny
I have lectured on design of fragment screening libraries a number of times and, to be honest, my material is getting a bit dated. This presentation is from Feb 2010 when I was visiting CSIRO and the photo in the title slide was taken in Tierra del Fuego.
synthesis of doped chromium oxide nanoparticlesGaurav Yogesh
The document summarizes a research paper on the size-dependent optical properties of zinc-doped chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles. It includes an introduction, methods used to prepare and analyze the nanoparticles, results of the analysis showing decreasing band gap and changing refractive index with decreasing particle size, and conclusions about the nanoparticles exhibiting quantum confinement effects and potential applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Joam (preparation and characterization of zn o thin films deposited by sol ge...Phaccebookq Nizar
The document summarizes research on preparing and characterizing ZnO thin films deposited using a sol-gel spin coating method. Thermogravimetric analysis showed weight loss in the films continued until 300°C. X-ray diffraction revealed the films had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and were preferentially oriented along the c-axis. Higher spin coating speeds resulted in smaller grain sizes and higher dislocation densities. Optical analysis found the films were highly transparent in the visible range and had direct band gaps between 3.28-3.29 eV that increased slightly with higher spin speeds.
This document discusses the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells that use different types of titanium dioxide photoelectrodes. Nanocrystalline and nanotube anatase TiO2 photoelectrodes were fabricated using a hydrothermal technique and their morphological characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The nanotube-based dye-sensitized solar cell was found to have a higher efficiency of 7.28% compared to the 6.6% efficiency of the nanocrystalline anatase-based cell, as measured by current density-voltage curves and incident photon to current conversion efficiency spectra. The nanotube structure allows for illumination from both the front and back sides.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affecte...IJERA Editor
In this paper, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticales (NPs) at different concentrations (150 and 500) capped with poly
(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were Synthesized by a polyol reduction method in an ethylene glycol solution at
temperature of 45C˚. The structural and optical properties of Pd NPs has been investigated, all thin films were
tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), all XRD peaks can be indexed as face centered cubic (FCC)
Structure, with strong crystalline orientation at (111) plane. The morphology properties of the prepared films
were study by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the results indicated that all films have nanoscale grain size
around 80 nm and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show spherical nanoscale particles with clusters
shape. The size of the particles decreased with increasing of concentrations.
The effect of ZnO Nanoparticles filler on the Attenuation of ZNO/PCL Nanocomp...Abubakar Yakubu
This paper describes an experiment that measured the attenuation of nanocomposites made from polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and varying amounts of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, using a modified microstrip line technique. The transmission coefficient was measured for nanocomposites with 25%, 35%, 45%, 50%, and 70% ZnO content. Attenuation, which is the absorption of electromagnetic waves, increased with higher ZnO content. The highest attenuation of 14.92 dB was found for the 70% ZnO sample, while the lowest of 6.72 dB was found for the 25% ZnO sample. This shows that increasing the ZnO nanoparticle filler content leads to greater attenuation of electromagnetic waves in
Mechanistic Investigation of FeO/MnO/ZnO Nanocomposites for UV Light Driven P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on FeO/MnO/ZnO nanocomposites for photocatalytic performance under UV light. The nanocomposites (FMZ NCs) were prepared by ultrasonication assisted precipitation and analyzed using various characterization techniques. XRD analysis showed the FMZ NCs had a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystalline size of 32 nm. SEM images revealed a spherical and flower-like morphology. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the FMZ NCs had a decreased bandgap of 3.04 eV compared to undoped ZnO. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed strong blue emission at 490 nm. Photocatalytic tests demonstrated the FMZ NCs achieved 91
The document describes the synthesis and characterization of CeO2 and Ni-doped CeO2 spherical nanoparticles for magnetic and electrochemical applications. CeO2 and Ni-doped CeO2 with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% Ni were prepared via a microwave-assisted method and characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the Ni-doping enhanced the thermal stability of CeO2. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of cubic fluorite CeO2 and showed the introduction of defects with Ni-doping. Electrochemical tests revealed the 5% Ni-doped CeO2 sample had the highest specific capacitance of 577 F g-1 and maintained 94% capacitance
Nano Tailoring of MnO2 Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Electrode Materi...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on synthesizing manganese dioxide (MnO2) decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNT) for use as an electrode material in supercapacitors. MnO2/MCNT nanocomposites were prepared through a simple solvo thermal method. Characterization of the materials was done using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDS, UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The analyses revealed a porous, hierarchical structure of MnO2 coated on the MCNT surface. Increasing the annealing temperature improved the crystallinity and reduced the band gap of the MnO2/MCNT nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite showed potential for high performance
EFFECT OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRESijoejournal
Copper nanowires were prepared through electrochemical template synthesis using Nucleopore polycarbonate membranes having nominal pore sizes of 800nm and 15nm diameter. The 800nm and 15nm nanowires thus grown were viewed under SEM and TEM respectively, while their FCC crystallographic structure was confirmed through X-ray and electron diffraction patterns. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated strong texturing for (200). The texturing was found to reduce significantly upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Structural and Dielectric Studies of Cerium Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nano P...theijes
Cerium substituted Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with general formula NiCeXFe2-XO4 (x=0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) have been synthesized by using sol-gel method. The crystalline structure and grain size of these particles were analyzed by using XRD; the particle size ranged from 12.22nm to 17.60nm.The decrease in value of the lattice parameter with doping suggests that there is shrinkage in unit cell. The single-phase cubic spinal structure was clearly indicated by the XRD patterns of pure NiFe2O4.The XRD pattern also show that all the samples had formed the cubic single phase spinal structure. Dielectric properties have been studied in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 5 MHz. Permittivity and tangent loss (tanδ) decreases with the substitution of Ce3+ in parent crystal structure.
Greener cum chemical synthesis and characterization of Mg doped ZnS nanoparti...IJERA Editor
In the present investigations, high-quality Mg doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Greener cum
chemical process with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with two different Mg concentrations.
Doping of Mg metal in nanoparticles were found to be a good technique for tuning the band gap of ZnS
nanoparticles. Simultaneously, Mg doping also inhibited the growth of particle size and it decreased from 33.2
nm to 18.3 nm with the increase in doping concentration from 0% to 5%. Band gap was found to rise from 3.12
eV to 3.38 eV and photoluminescence studies exposed that visible Photoluminescence (PL) emission was
improved with doping concentration. The nanoparticles have been characterized by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Ultra Violet visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX).
This document provides an overview of magnetic nanocomposite materials. It discusses how nanocomposite materials with magnetic particles embedded in a matrix can have properties different from conventional composites due to interactions at the nanoscale. The document then reviews the history of magnetic nanocomposites, including early amorphous alloys and more recent developments like FINEMET, NANOPERM, and HITPERM which use crystalline nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous matrix. Recent advances in preparation of functional nanocomposites and hybrid materials are also summarized, including core-shell nanoparticles, colloidal crystals, mesoporous composites, and functional magnetic polymers.
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Improvement Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO/ PVA Nanocompositesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a seminar on magnetic nanocomposites. It discusses how nanocomposites have particles mixed at the nanoscale, including magnetic nanocomposites containing ferromagnetic particles. The history of magnetic nanocomposites is reviewed, from early amorphous alloys to developments in the 1980s-1990s of alloys like FINEMET, NANOPERM, and HITPERM. Recent developments discussed include core-shell nanoparticles, colloidal crystals, mesoporous nanocomposites, and functional polymers. Applications mentioned are using magnetic fields to destroy tumor cells, transformers, and DC-DC power converters. Challenges remaining are controlled synthesis, understanding mechanisms, cost, toxicity
Wafer scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide with enhance...Journal Papers
1) The document describes a study on wafer-scale fabrication of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) with enhanced quaternary-N content for high-performance photodetection.
2) Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the morphology, atomic structure, elemental composition and defects of N-rGO produced under different plasma treatment conditions. N-rGO treated at 20W for 10min showed uniform film formation with nitrogen doping and carbon deposition.
3) XPS and Raman analysis confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen into the graphene lattice, with major pyridinic-N content. This reduced defects and improved the structural and electronic properties of N-rGO compared to reduced graphene oxide
Noble Metal Free, Visible Light Driven Photocatalysis Using TiO2 Nanotube Arr...Pawan Kumar
Bulk g-C3N4 is an earth-abundant, easily synthesizable, and exceptionally stable photocatalyst with an electronic bandgap of 2.7 eV. Herein, the concepts of P-doping and size quantization are combined to synthesize highly fluorescent P-doped carbon nitride quantum dots (CNPQDs) with a bandgap of 2.1 eV. CNPQDs are hosted on anatase-phase and rutile-phase TiO2 nanotube array scaffolds, and examined as photoanodes for sunlight-driven water-splitting and as photocatalysts for surface catalytic reactions. Square-shaped rutile phase TiO2 nanotube arrays (STNAs) decorated with CNPQDs (CNPQD-STNA) generate 2.54 mA cm−2 photocurrent under AM1.5 G simulated sunlight. A champion hydrogen evolution rate of 22 µmol h−1 corresponds to a Faradaic efficiency of 93.2%. In conjunction with Ag nanoparticles (NPs), the CNPQD-STNA hybrid is also found to be an excellent plexcitonic photocatalyst for the visible light-driven transformation of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) to dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB), producing reaction completion at a laser power of 1 mW (532 nm) while Ag NP/TNA and Ag NP/STNA photocatalysts cannot complete this transformation even at 10 mW laser power. The results point the way forward for photochemically robust, noble metal free, visible light harvesting photoacatalysts based on nanostructured heterojunctions of graphenic frameworks with TiO2.
Preliminary study of poly (tetrahydrofurturyl acrylate) thin film as a potent...Journal Papers
This document describes a preliminary study on using a photocurable poly-tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (pTHFA) membrane as an alternative sensing matrix for ion selective electrode (ISE) sensors, specifically a nitrate ion-selective electrode. The pTHFA membrane was synthesized using photopolymerization with varying concentrations of photoinitiator and characterized. Composition II with a glass transition temperature of -17.3°C showed the best sensing properties. This membrane was used to fabricate a nitrate ISE sensor by immobilizing tetraoctylammonium nitrate ionophore. The sensor exhibited a near-Nernstian slope and detected nitrate ions from 10-1 to 10-4 M with high selectivity
Design of fragment screening libraries (Feb 2010 version)Peter Kenny
I have lectured on design of fragment screening libraries a number of times and, to be honest, my material is getting a bit dated. This presentation is from Feb 2010 when I was visiting CSIRO and the photo in the title slide was taken in Tierra del Fuego.
synthesis of doped chromium oxide nanoparticlesGaurav Yogesh
The document summarizes a research paper on the size-dependent optical properties of zinc-doped chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles. It includes an introduction, methods used to prepare and analyze the nanoparticles, results of the analysis showing decreasing band gap and changing refractive index with decreasing particle size, and conclusions about the nanoparticles exhibiting quantum confinement effects and potential applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Joam (preparation and characterization of zn o thin films deposited by sol ge...Phaccebookq Nizar
The document summarizes research on preparing and characterizing ZnO thin films deposited using a sol-gel spin coating method. Thermogravimetric analysis showed weight loss in the films continued until 300°C. X-ray diffraction revealed the films had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and were preferentially oriented along the c-axis. Higher spin coating speeds resulted in smaller grain sizes and higher dislocation densities. Optical analysis found the films were highly transparent in the visible range and had direct band gaps between 3.28-3.29 eV that increased slightly with higher spin speeds.
This document discusses the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells that use different types of titanium dioxide photoelectrodes. Nanocrystalline and nanotube anatase TiO2 photoelectrodes were fabricated using a hydrothermal technique and their morphological characteristics were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The nanotube-based dye-sensitized solar cell was found to have a higher efficiency of 7.28% compared to the 6.6% efficiency of the nanocrystalline anatase-based cell, as measured by current density-voltage curves and incident photon to current conversion efficiency spectra. The nanotube structure allows for illumination from both the front and back sides.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Studying the Structure and the Optical Properties of Pd Nanoparticles Affecte...IJERA Editor
In this paper, Palladium (Pd) nanoparticales (NPs) at different concentrations (150 and 500) capped with poly
(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were Synthesized by a polyol reduction method in an ethylene glycol solution at
temperature of 45C˚. The structural and optical properties of Pd NPs has been investigated, all thin films were
tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD), all XRD peaks can be indexed as face centered cubic (FCC)
Structure, with strong crystalline orientation at (111) plane. The morphology properties of the prepared films
were study by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) the results indicated that all films have nanoscale grain size
around 80 nm and Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show spherical nanoscale particles with clusters
shape. The size of the particles decreased with increasing of concentrations.
The effect of ZnO Nanoparticles filler on the Attenuation of ZNO/PCL Nanocomp...Abubakar Yakubu
This paper describes an experiment that measured the attenuation of nanocomposites made from polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and varying amounts of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, using a modified microstrip line technique. The transmission coefficient was measured for nanocomposites with 25%, 35%, 45%, 50%, and 70% ZnO content. Attenuation, which is the absorption of electromagnetic waves, increased with higher ZnO content. The highest attenuation of 14.92 dB was found for the 70% ZnO sample, while the lowest of 6.72 dB was found for the 25% ZnO sample. This shows that increasing the ZnO nanoparticle filler content leads to greater attenuation of electromagnetic waves in
Mechanistic Investigation of FeO/MnO/ZnO Nanocomposites for UV Light Driven P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on FeO/MnO/ZnO nanocomposites for photocatalytic performance under UV light. The nanocomposites (FMZ NCs) were prepared by ultrasonication assisted precipitation and analyzed using various characterization techniques. XRD analysis showed the FMZ NCs had a hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystalline size of 32 nm. SEM images revealed a spherical and flower-like morphology. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the FMZ NCs had a decreased bandgap of 3.04 eV compared to undoped ZnO. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed strong blue emission at 490 nm. Photocatalytic tests demonstrated the FMZ NCs achieved 91
The document describes the synthesis and characterization of CeO2 and Ni-doped CeO2 spherical nanoparticles for magnetic and electrochemical applications. CeO2 and Ni-doped CeO2 with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% Ni were prepared via a microwave-assisted method and characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the Ni-doping enhanced the thermal stability of CeO2. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of cubic fluorite CeO2 and showed the introduction of defects with Ni-doping. Electrochemical tests revealed the 5% Ni-doped CeO2 sample had the highest specific capacitance of 577 F g-1 and maintained 94% capacitance
Nano Tailoring of MnO2 Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Electrode Materi...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on synthesizing manganese dioxide (MnO2) decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNT) for use as an electrode material in supercapacitors. MnO2/MCNT nanocomposites were prepared through a simple solvo thermal method. Characterization of the materials was done using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDS, UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The analyses revealed a porous, hierarchical structure of MnO2 coated on the MCNT surface. Increasing the annealing temperature improved the crystallinity and reduced the band gap of the MnO2/MCNT nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite showed potential for high performance
Synthesis and characterization of structural and Magnetic Properties of ZnO d...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on synthesizing and characterizing ZnO-doped SnO2 nano composites. It discusses:
1. Using a microwave-assisted co-precipitation method to synthesize SnO2-ZnO nano composite samples with varying calcination temperatures from 200-600°C.
2. Characterizing the samples using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and VSM. XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of nano composites.
3. Magnetic characterization using VSM showed the samples exhibited soft ferromagnetic behavior, with coercivity and retentivity decreasing slightly as calcination temperature increased.
Simple and direct synthesis of zinc vanadate ZnV2O5 nanocrystals for its elec...Arvind Singh Heer
Zinc Vanadate (ZnV2O5) Nanocrystals were prepared by two steps, ceramic route process. Optimization of the
ceramic route processing conditions enhances the Electrocatalytic and Antimicrobial performance of the prepared
nanoparticles. The thermally treated material was subjected to XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM and
EDS, which confirmed the formation of Zinc Vanadate (ZnV2O5) Nanocrystals. The electrochemical detection of
Anthracene by Zinc Vanadate nanoparticles was investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry. The result concludes that the
ZnV2O5 NPs have the higher activity for detection and oxidation of Anthracene. The as-synthesized ZnV2O5 NPs were
found to exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against both Escherichia coli (E.coli) gram-negative and
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) gram-positive microorganisms implying their strong potential as the antimicrobial
agent.
Synthesis, Characterization of ZnS nanoparticles by Coprecipitation method us...IOSR Journals
ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by coprecipitation method using various capping agents like PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), PVA (polyvinylalcohol) and PEG-4000 (polyethyleneglycol). These are characterized by UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectra (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Visible absorption spectra are used to find the optical band gap and the values obtained have been found to be in the range of 3.80-4.00eV. The particle size of nanoparticles calculated from XRD pattern has been in the range of 2-4 nm. It is also observed that the particle size of nanoparticle is affected by the nature of capping agent. Photo catalytic degradation of xylenol orange (XO) by the nanoparticles shows that these act as photo catalysts under sunlight irradiation. The XO dye was degraded more than 87.24, 83.42 and 73.05% in the presence of PEG-4000, PVA and PVP capped ZnS nanoparticles in 120, 150 and 180 min. respectively. The kinetics of catalyzed by synthesized ZnS nanoparticles with XO dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics with reasonable apparent rate constants.
OPTICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SYNTHESIZED ZNO NANOTABLETS AND ITS TRANSFORMED NANORODS...antjjournal
We are reporting the preparation of ZnO nanotablets at relatively low temperature (1500C) using zinc acetate [Zn(Ac)2], NaOH, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) by solvothermal method. By adjusting
the molar ratio of the reactants we obtained nanorods and we also obtained the variation of the dimension
of the nanorods using hydrazine hydrate as capping reagent. The prepared samples were morphologically
recognized as well crystallized. The average diameter of the ZnO nanotablets were ranging from 500 to 600 nm and the average thickness of the nanotablets were ranging from 85 to 90 nm. The length of ZnO nanorods were ranging from 300 to several micrometers and breadth of the ZnO nanorods were ranging from 80 to 160 nm. The optical properties of the prepared materials have also been studied with the exhibition of its interesting behavior.
IRJET - Photoluminescence Study of Rare Earth Doped ZnO NanoparticlesIRJET Journal
This document reports on a study of photoluminescence properties of rare earth doped ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical method with thiourea as a capping agent. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the structural and morphological properties. The particle sizes measured from XRD were 56nm for doped samples and 66nm for undoped. SEM images showed agglomerated nanoparticles without distinct structures. Absorption spectra showed band gaps of 4.32eV for undoped and 4.28eV for doped samples. Photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra of doped samples exhibited characteristic peaks of Eu3+ ions.
Synthesis, Growth and Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Semi Organic Pota...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes the synthesis, growth, and characterization of Potassium Sulphate Formate (PSF) single crystals grown by slow evaporation method. PSF crystals were grown by dissolving equimolar ratios of Potassium Sulphate and Formic acid in water. Single crystal XRD analysis confirmed the crystals belong to the orthorhombic system with space group Pna21. Powder XRD and FTIR analysis verified the crystallinity and functional groups. UV-Vis spectroscopy determined the optical transmission range and bandgap. Thermal analysis and SHG measurements showed the crystals have good thermal stability and higher SHG efficiency than KDP.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of crystallite size of zinc oxide (ZnO) filler on the properties of polypropylene (PP)/ZnO nanocomposites. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using two different methods, resulting in nanoparticles with crystallite sizes of 13.4 nm (NZO) and 29.2 nm (CZO). PP/ZnO composites containing 0-5% ZnO were produced by melt mixing. Composites with NZO exhibited higher mechanical properties, dynamic properties, and thermal stability than those with CZO, due to the smaller crystallite size and more uniform dispersion of NZO in PP. Transparency of the composites improved with decreasing ZnO crystallite
IRJET - Comparative Study on the Structural and Optical Characterization of Z...IRJET Journal
This document reports on a comparative study of the structural and optical characterization of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. ZnS nanoparticles were prepared via chemical precipitation using zinc chloride, sodium sulfide, and mercaptoethanol as a capping agent. ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using zinc acetate, ammonia, and thiourea as a capping agent. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize particle size and structure. Absorption spectra showed a blue shift with decreasing particle size due to quantum confinement. Photoluminescence spectra were also studied. The results show ZnS particles were 2-7nm and ZnO particles were 50-60nm. Both
This document summarizes research on electrodepositing silver nanoparticles onto carbon sphere surfaces using a pulse current. Key findings include:
1) Silver nanoparticles were successfully electrodeposited with a size of 100-400nm after 2 minutes using a pulse current.
2) Deposition occurred on accessible carbon surface sites, forming a monolayer of scattered nanoparticles. Continued deposition led to larger particles and multilayers.
3) Pulse current helped manage monolayer deposition compared to direct current, controlling particle size and number of layers.
Development of Ni-doped Yttria stabilized Zirconia composite for SOFC applica...IOSRJAP
Ni-doped Yttria stabilized Zirconia (NiO/YSZ) has been synthesized using low cost combustion process from an aqueous solution containing ZrO(NO3)2.6H2O, Y(NO3)3.6H2O, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and urea. Pellets were sintered at 13500C for 5 hours and its sintered density is estimated to be of 95%. Sintered pellets were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) & X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. From the XRD analysis, as grown powder of NiO/YSZ showed nano-crystalline behavior with homogeneous mixture of YSZ and NiO phases. However sintered powder showed µ-size dense grain growth. Temperature and frequency dependent dielectric properties are corroborated with the conduction mechanism. Both dielectric constant (K) and loss (tan δ) are increased sharply at high temperature region, which is expected to be the onset of dipolar relaxation phenomena due to the presence of oxygen vacancies. A mixed conductivity involving ionic conduction in the high temperature range and electronic conduction in the low temperature range was observed. The decrease in K and tan δ with increase in frequency at a given temperature suggests the dynamic interaction of oxygen vacancies & oxide ion pairs.
Investigation the Stability of the Copper Oxide- Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids.IRJET Journal
The document investigates the stability of copper oxide-ethylene glycol (CuO-EG) nanofluids. CuO-EG nanofluid was prepared using a two-step method for 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% volumetric concentrations of 20nm spherical CuO nanoparticles without adding surfactant. The sedimentation method was used to check the stability of the nanofluids. Thermo-physical properties such as density, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and viscosity of the CuO-EG nanofluids were calculated using appropriate models. The results showed that the density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the nanofluids increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration, while stability decreased with concentration.
This document summarizes a study that synthesized nanoparticles of Y3+ substituted Ni1-x Cdx Yy Fe2-y O4 using a sol-gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the nanoparticles had an average grain size between 12.5 to 34.8 nm and a spinel cubic structure. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the optical properties. The average band gap energy calculated using the Tauc method was 1.6294 eV, indicating the materials behaved as semiconductors. Increasing the Y3+ concentration slightly increased the lattice constant and slightly decreased the band gap energy.
Preparation and characterization of Al doped nano crystalline Ni ferritesIJERA Editor
The Ni-Al nano ferrites having compositional formula NiAlxFe2-xO4 (where x= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) were synthesized by citrate gel auto combustion method. The XRD studies reflected that the fabricated powders were single phase spinel structure with crystallite sizes in the range of 17-26nm. The values of lattice parameter and X-ray density decreases with the decrease of composition. The observed results can be explained on the basis of composition
This document reports on a study of the elastic properties and structural characterization of zinc-borate glasses with the composition (1 − x) [29Na2O− 4Al2O3− 67B2O3]− xZnO (0 ≤ x ≤ 35 mol%). The density was found to increase with increasing ZnO content, while the molar volume and sound velocities decreased. X-ray and infrared spectroscopy revealed that the borate network consists of diborate units and is affected by increasing ZnO. Elastic moduli were observed to increase with ZnO content, which is interpreted as zinc ions substituting for boron ions as network formers.
Facile Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method and their Applic...IRJET Journal
The document describes a study that synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method. The CuO nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques and tested for their antibacterial properties. Specifically, the study synthesized CuO nanorods through a surfactant-free hydrothermal process. The nanoparticles were analyzed using XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the nanoparticles had a monoclinic crystal structure. SEM showed they had a rod-like morphology. FTIR identified Cu-O bonds. UV-Vis determined the optical bandgap. Tests found the CuO nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition increasing at higher concentrations.
This document summarizes a study on the combustion route synthesis of monoclinic phase gadolinium oxide phosphors. Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a low temperature solution combustion method with urea as a fuel. Characterization using XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS confirmed the monoclinic phase and average particle size of around 10 nm. XRD showed high crystallinity with no impurities. SEM showed spherical morphology. TEM showed individual nanocrystals around 8 nm. Raman spectroscopy showed characteristic peaks for gadolinium oxide. XPS showed the gadolinium 3d peak was consistent with previous studies. The combustion synthesis method produced phase pure nano-crystalline gadolinium oxide
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Similar to characteristics exploration of n ii cuzn nano-composite coated permanent magnets (20)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
characteristics exploration of n ii cuzn nano-composite coated permanent magnets
1. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.46 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 922
Characteristics Exploration of NIiCuZn Nano-
Composite coated Permanent Magnets
T. Narasimhulu, Mallikarjuna Rao Pasumarthi
Department of Electrical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
Abstract—This paper presents the synthesis of
423.02.05.0 OFeZnCuNi compound using Citrate
Precursor Sol- Gel Method and Ball millingfor grinding the
compound. X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD)
confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel
structure. The average crystallite size was calculated using
XRD pattern and confirmed by Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM). The electromagnetic properties were
investigated using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and
molar magnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnetic
measurements have proved that the entire preparation
method has considerable effect in enhancing the magnetic
properties of the system. And an application of PMBLDC
machine design with ferrite coated permanent magnets
having competitive power density and efficiency. The
influence of temperature variation on the magnets on the
electric machine performance is also observed.
Keywords— ferrite coat; magnetic susceptibility; Citrate
Precursor Sol- Gel Method; Ball Milling.
I. INTRODUCTION
At present surface-mounting devices have been developed
for electronic applications, which are produced by coating
ferrite and Ag electrode layers alternately and co-firing
them. Low temperature sintered NiCuZn ferrites are the
most universal ferrite materials to produce MLCIs because
of their relatively low sintering temperature and high
resistivity with good performances in the high frequency
range [1–3].Typical NiCuZn ferrites with a regular particle
size have sintering temperatures above 10000
C. The usage
of fine powder decreases the sintering temperature of
ferrites. Fine powders can be prepared through various wet-
chemical methods like co-precipitation [4],hydrothermal
synthesis [5] and sol–gel processes [6]. Although theco-
precipitation and sol–gel methods are the most popular,
theyhave some disadvantages as most of them are highly pH
sensitiveand require special attention for complex systems
whereas the sol–gel technique requires expensive alkoxide
precursor material and stringent process of gel product
[7].Among the established synthetic methods, it is still
critical tofind simple and cost-effective routes to synthesize
nano-crystallineNiCuZn ferrites by using cheap, nontoxic
and environmentally benign precursors. In addition to their
high nutrition quality egg-white proteins are well known for
their gelling, foaming and emulsifying characteristics [8-9].
NiCuZn ferrites of composition Ni0.7−xCuxZn0.3Fe2O4 (x = 0,
0.2, 0.4, 0.6) prepared by citrate precursor method,
characteristics are investigated and reported[10]. X-ray
diffraction(XRD) confirmed the formation of single-phase
cubic spinel structure. The grain size, estimated by SEM
micrograph, was found to increase with Cu content. The
hysteresis data indicated that the maximum saturation
magnetization was obtained for the composition with x =
0.2.Lima [11] synthesized NixCu0.5−xZn0.5Fe2O4
ferrite(0.2≤x≤0.4) nano-particles using the citrate precursor
method.Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) showed
that adding copperto NiZn ferrite decreases magnetization
saturation and the calcining temperature. Ferrites with
compositions of Ni0.27Zn0.64CuxFe1.98O4 (x = 0.1,0.2) were
prepared by conventional ceramic methods [12].
Theintergranular pores in the prepared ferrites were found
to generate large demagnetizing fields, reduce the
temperature dependence ofthe effective anisotropy field and
thus decrease the temperature dependence of the relative
initial permeability. Fine powders of Ni0.6−xCuxZn0.4Fe2O4,
where 0≤x≤0.4 were prepared by the citrate precursor
method [13]. XRD confirmed theformation of single-phase
cubic spinel structure. The addition of copper was found to
promote the grain growth, resulting in anincrease in the
grain size. Curie temperature, however, was understandably
lowered with the increase in Cu content. Ferrite with
Cuconcentration of x = 0.4, showed the highest value of
initial permeability.
In the present paper, synthesis of NiCuZn ferrites by a
simple method uses Citrate Precursor Sol- Gel Method and
Ball milling for grinding the compound. The synthesized
nanocrystals have been characterized using thermal analysis
techniques. Calcined nano-ferrite samples are characterized
by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties of the ferrites
2. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.46 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 923
were investigated using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)
at room temperature and magnetic susceptibility measured
at different magnetic fields and temperatures.
Permanent magnet technology is constantly developing. At
present NdFeB magnets are being used in electrical
machines. Due to their cost and low availability alternatives
are being explored. An additional boost of the progress of
permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) was
got after establishing of the interior magnet rotor structure
[14], [15] and with the development of tooth-coil winding
approaches [16], [17]. [18] presents, At this power and
speed areas conventional asynchronous machines should
have similar performance characteristics as PMSMs with
slightly smaller peak efficiency in the static efficiency map,
less torque density and lower power factor [19]. After the
rapid increase of the neodymium magnets’ price in 2010,
there appeared many companies and organizations
searching for appropriate designs for so called ”rare earth
free” electric machines. The main purpose of the rare earth
free electric machines is to reach almost the same torque
density as in commercially available neodymium PMSMs,
without efficiency deterioration. Major part of these
attempts is done for hybrid electric vehicle applications [20-
27]. Common measures in order to increase the power
density of PMSMs are high angular speeds [28], increase
the number of pole pairs and increasing the tangential stress
[29].
This paper narrates the possibilities for improving the
torque density with the use of ferrite coat on magnetic
surface of PMBLDC machine. Permanent-magnet (PM)
BLDC motor with rare-earth PMs is most popular,but rare-
earth PMs have problems with high power low voltage
applications, high cost and limited supply. Therefore, the
electric motors with less or no rare-earth permanent
magnets are available for numerous application.
II. SYNTHESIS OF NANO-COMPOUND
This section gives the details of synthesis of the nano
compound 423.02.05.0 OFeZnCuNi :
a. A magnetic spinel nano NiCuZn ferrite catalyst with
composition 423.02.05.0 OFeZnCuNi was chosen for
this study.
b. For the preparation of catalyst, aqueous solutions of
stoichiometric amounts of Nickel nitrate, Copper nitrate
and Zinc nitrate along with ferric citrate were reacted
with citric acid in 1:1 molar ratio.
c. pH
of the solution was increased by the addition of
ammonia to complete the reaction and ethane diol was
added.
d. The solution was evaporated very slowly over a period
of 24 hours to dryness. Viscosity and color were
changed as the solution turned into puffy, porous dry
gel. As soon as the solvent removal is completed, dried
precursor goes under a self-ignition reaction to form a
very fine powder known as synthesized powder.
e. The synthesized powder thus obtained was calcined in a
muffle furnace at 600c for 2 hours to remove the
residual carbon and furnace cooled. Then matter is
subjected to Ball milling for 2 hours at speed of 450
rpm.
III. CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO
COPPER FERRITE
a. X- RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) ANALYSIS:
Fig1. shows typical XRD pattern for nano copper ferrite
sample which was sintered at 600 degree celsius. The
pattern shows all the characteristics peals of a spinal
structure and confirms the phase formation indicating the
absence of other impurity phases. The XRD parameters of
various peals were compared with the standard data of the
cubic copper ferrites and found to be in cubic phase. The
particle size and other characteristics of the copper nano
particles obtained from the XRD pattern using Scherer’s
formula was found to be 39nm and reported in table1. The
peals can be indexed to (220),(311),(400),(422),(511) and
(440) phases of a cubic unit cell are shown in fig 2.The X-
ray diffraction pattern was studied in detail forthe
determination of crystallite size by using the classical
Scherrer equation [15]:
)1(
cos
k
D
Where, D is the average crystallite size, k is a constant
equal to 0.89, is the X-ray wave length (0.1542 nm), θis
the angle of diffraction and β is the full width at half
maximum (FWHM) of the peak.
The average crystallite sizes of the powders were in the
range 39 nm which indicates that the Cu substitution for Ni
has no effect on the crystal size.
The lattice parameter (a) has been calculated from X-ray
datausing the formula:
)2(
1
2
222
2
a
lkh
d
Where, d is the lattice spacing and h, k and l are the miller
indices ofthe plane.
The theoretical density or the X-ray density (Dx) was
calculatedaccording to relation:
3. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.46 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 924
)3(3
Na
ZM
DX
Where, Z is the number of molecules per unit cell (Z = 8),
M is themolecular weight, N is Avogadro’s number and a3
is the volume ofunit cell.
The variation of the average crystallite size, lattice
parameterand X-ray density, with copper content, are shown
in Table 1.
Fig.1: XRD Pattern of Nano-Composite 423.02.05.0 OFeZnCuNi
b. Morphological and elemental analysis (SEM&EDS):
Fig3 shows the typical SEM image of the nano NiCuZn ferrite sintered at 600degree Celsius. The crystallite size calculated from
XRD is in the range of below 30 nm which is in agreement with the SEM image. The structural composition and crystallinity of
the NiCuZn ferrite nano particles was further examined by using SEM and TEM. The iron and copper ratio in the nano crystals as
determined by EDX analysis was very much close to the atomic ratio in the formula NiCuZn ferrite.
Fig.3: Obtained SEM image of NiCuZn ferrite
Position [°2Theta] (Copper (Cu))
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Counts
0
400
1600
3600
5.4192[°]
18.2078[°]
30.0691[°]
35.3096[°]35.4196[°]
37.1206[°]
43.0566[°]
50.2990[°]
53.4043[°]
56.9492[°]
62.5136[°]
70.8749[°]
73.9430[°]
75.1473[°]
79.0670[°]
86.8647[°]
89.6508[°]
Ferrite-Zn
Intensity
2θ (deg)
4. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.46 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 925
Table.1: particle size and other characteristics of the nano 423.02.05.0 OFeZnCuNi ferrite obtained from the XRD analysis.
S. NO Parameters Values
1 Lattice parameter (a) 8. 379 A
2 Density (%) 94.2
3 X-ray density (Dx) 5.35g/m
4 FWHM 0.284
5 Grain size 1.42
6 Average crystallite size (D) 39 nm
7 Saturation magnetization (Ms) 47. 4 emu/g
8 Magnetic moment (ηB) 2.03 µB
9 Remnant magnetization, Mr 7.15 emu/g
10 Corecivity, Hc 67.8 Oe
11 Curie Temperature, Tc 690 0
C
12 Effective magnetic moment (µeff) 4. 65 µB
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Electromagnetic properties measurement of
Ni0.5Cu0.2Zn0.3Fe2O4 system is using a Vector Network
Analyzer(VNA). Fig. 3 SEM image of the sample with a
field scan up to ±5.0 kOe at room temperature. The
hysteresisloop of Ni0.5Cu0.2Zn0.3Fe2O4 is shown in fig.4.
The sampleshows a ferromagnetic nature with &curves
typical for soft-magneticmaterials.The values of saturation
magnetization (MS), remnant magnetization(Mr) and
coercivity (HC) areshown in Table 1. In ferrites,the
magnetic moment arises mainly from the parallel
uncompensatedelectron spin of individual ion. The intensity
of magnetizationcan thus be explained by considering the
metal ion distribution andantiparallel spin alignment of the
two sub lattice sites as given byNeel’s Model [19].
According to Neel’s model, three types of interactionsAA,
AB and BB are present with the intersub-lattice
ABsuperexchange interaction is the strongest one of them.
Since Zn2+
ions are non-magnetic, the contribution to the
magnetization ismostly due to Ni2+
, Cu2+
and Fe3+
ions
having magnetic momentsof 2.3, 1.3 and 5 µB respectively.
The experimental magnetic moment ( B ) is determined
fromthe saturation magnetization data using the following
formula [14]:
)4(
5585
SX
B
MMW
Where MW is the molecular weight of the sample
MS is thesaturation magnetization in emu/g
The calculated values of the experimental magnetic moment
( B ) is presented in Table 1. The gradual decrease in the
values of saturation magnetization and experimental
magnetic moments with increasing copper content is
accounted for the weakening of the AB interaction, which
holds well with the decrease in theoretical values of
magnetic moment. The decrease in coercivity (Hc) with
increasing copper concentration may be attributed to lower
magneto-crystalline anisotropy of Cu+2
ions as compared to
Ni+2
that leads to lower coercivity according to the Stoner–
Wolfforth model for coercivityof nano-particles [21].
Saturation magnetization value is obtained at room
temperature is tabulated in Table 1 are relatively high
especially at higher concentrations of copper content as
compared with the results of Jadhav et al. [10]. On the other
hand, the obtained coercivities show lower values as
compared with the same results. This suggests that, the
present method of synthesis used is Citrate Precursor Sol-
Gel Method and Ball milling for grinding the compound,
has an impact on improving the magnetic properties of the
system. The temperature dependence of the molar magnetic
susceptibility (χ), as a function of the magnetic field
intensity is investigated for sample. The Curie temperatures
and the effective magnetic moments are reported in Table 1.
5. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.46 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 926
Table.2: Comparison of Permanent Magnet Materials:
Material
Remanence
Br(T)
Coercivity
Hc (kA/m)
Curie
temperature (0
C)
Comparisons
423.02.05.0 OFeZnCuNi 0.5….1.35 33.1…76.8 550….850
+ low Cost material
+High magnetic properties
+linear
+Availability
SmCo 0.9…1.1 700…2400 500…850
+ High magnetic properties
+ linear
+ very High Cost
NdFeB 1.0…1.4 900…3200 310
+ High magnetic properties
+ linear
-High temperature
Coefficients
-prone to corrosion
Fig.4: Magnetic hysteresis loops for 423.02.05.0 OFeZnCuNi
For all the samples, the absence of any thermal stability of
ηMwith increasing temperature indicates that the thermal
energy isquite sufficient to disturb the ordered spins even at
lower temperatures.The measured Curie temperature
decreases with increasing Cucontent (Table 1). This
observed variation can be explained in termsof the magnetic
super exchange interaction which has a direct relationwith
Curie temperature [13,22]. Further, the strength of A–
Binteraction, which is the interaction existing between the
antiparallel uncompensated electron spin of A and B sub-
lattices is the mostdominant [23]. This interaction is
observed to decrease with Cusubstitution as indicated by the
magnetization measurements thusaccounting for the fall in
Curie temperature.
V. CONCLUSION
Nano-crystalline Ni0.5Cu0.2Zn0.3Fe2O4wassuccessfully
synthesized and prepared using Citrate Precursor Sol- Gel
Method and Ball milling for grinding the compound. The
obtained powders were characterized using TG,XRD, FT-
IR and TEM techniques. The results indicate that, single
phase cubic ferrites were obtained after calcining the
precursors at 6000
C for 2hours. On investigation of
characteristics and properties it is observed that, instead of
the copper substitution has weak effect on the structural
properties of the system, but it greatly affects the magnetic
properties.PMBLDC machine with ferrite coated magnets is
simulated and its performances have been evaluated.
REFERENCES
[1].H. Su, H. Zhang, X. Tang, B. Liu, Z. Zhong, J. Alloys
Compd. 475 (2009) 683.
[2].M.L.S. Teo, L.B. Kong, Z.W. Li, G.Q. Lin, Y.B. Gan,
J. Alloys Compd. 459 (2008) 567.
[3]. L.B. Kong, M.L.S. Teo, Z.W. Li, G.Q. Lin, Y.B. Gan,
J. Alloys Compd. 459 (2008) 576.
[4].J. Kim, C. Ham, Mater. Res. Bull. 44 (2009) 633.
[5].K. Sadhana, K. Praveena, S. Bharadwaj, S.R. Murthy,
J. Alloys Compd. 472 (2009)484.
[6].M.R. Barati, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 233 (2001) 224.
[7]. P.K. Roy, J. Bera, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 197
(2008) 279.
[8]. Y. Mine, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 6 (1995) 225.
[9]. S. Maensiri, C. Masingboon, B. Boonchom, S.
Seraphin, Scripta Mater. 56 (2007)797.
[10]. P.A. Jadhav, R.S. Devan, Y.D. Kolekar, B.K.
Chougule, J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 70 (2009)396.
[11]. U. Lima, M. Nasara, R. Nasara, M. Rezende, J.
Araujo, J. Oliveira, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 151(2009) 238.
[12]. J. Hu, M. Yan, W. Luo, J. Wu, Physica B 400 (2007)
119.
[13]. M. Dimri, A. Verma, S. Kashyap, D. Dube, O.
Thakur, C. Prakash, Mater. Sci. Eng.B 133 (2006) 42.
6. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-2, Mar-Apr- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.46 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 927
[14]. N. Bianchi and S. Bolognani, “Influence of rotor
geometry of an ipmmotor on sensorless control
feasibility,” Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions
on, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 87–96, 2007.
[15]. R. Dutta, L. Chong, and M. Rahman, “Design and
experimental verification of an 18-slot/14-pole
fractional-slot concentrated winding interior
permanent magnet machine,” Energy Conversion,
IEEE Transactions on, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 181–190,
2013.
[16]. A. EL-Refaie, “Fractional-slot concentrated-windings
synchronous permanent magnet machines:
Opportunities and challenges,” IndustrialElectronics,
IEEE Transactions on, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 107–121,
2010.
[17]. P. Ponomarev, P. Lindh, and J. Pyrhonen, “Effect of
slot and pole combination on the leakage inductance
and the performance of tooth-coil permanent-magnet
synchronous machines,” pp. 1–1, 2012.
[18]. A. Bazzi and P. Krein, “Comparative evaluation of
machines for electric and hybrid vehicles based on
dynamic operation and loss minimization,” in Energy
Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2010
IEEE, 2010, pp. 3345–3351.
[19]. R. Lateb, N. Takorabet, F. Meibody-Tabar, A.
Mirzaian, J. Enon, and A. Sarribouette, “Performances
comparison of induction motors and surface mounted
pm motor for pod marine propulsion,” in Industry
Applications Conference, 2005. Fourtieth IAS Annual
Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005, vol. 2, 2005,
pp. 1342–1349 Vol. 2.
[20]. M. Obata, S. Morimoto, M. Sanada, and Y. Inoue,
“Characteristic of pmasynrm with ferrite magnets for
ev/hev applications,” in Electrical Machines and
Systems (ICEMS), 2012 15th International Conference
on, Oct., pp. 1–6.
[21]. K. Chiba, S. Chino, M. Takemoto, and S. Ogasawara,
“Fundamental analysis for a ferrite permanent magnet
axial gap motor with coreless rotor structure,” in
Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2012
15th
International Conference on, Oct., pp. 1–6.
[22] D. Dorrell, M.-F. Hsieh, and A. Knight,
“Alternative rotor designs for high performance
brushless permanent magnet machines for
hybridelectric vehicles,” Magnetics, IEEE
Transactions on, vol. 48, no. 2, pp.835–838, Feb.
2012.
[22]. S. Chino, S. Ogasawara, T. Miura, A. Chiba, M.
Takemoto, and N. Hoshi, “Fundamental characteristics
of a ferrite permanent magnetaxial gap motor with
segmented rotor structure for the hybrid
electricvehicle,” in Energy Conversion Congress and
Exposition (ECCE), 2011IEEE, Sept., pp. 2805–2811.
[23]. M. Paradkar and J. Boecker, “Design of a high
performance ferritemagnet-assisted synchronous
reluctance motor for an electric vehicle,” inIECON
2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial
ElectronicsSociety, Oct., pp. 4099–4103.
[24]. Y.-H. Jeong, K. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, B.-S. Park, and S.-
Y. Jung, “Designcharacteristics of pma-synrm and
performance comparison with ipmsmbased on
numerical analysis,” in Electrical Machines (ICEM),
2012 XXthInternational Conference on, Sept., pp.
164–170.
[25]. P. Sekerak, V. Hrabovcova, J. Pyrhonen, S. Kalamen,
P. Rafajdus,and M. Onufer, “Comparison of
synchronous motors with differentpermanent magnet
and winding types,” Magnetics, IEEE Transactionson,
vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 1256–1263, March 2013.
[26]. I. Petrov and J. Pyrhonen, “Performance of low-cost
permanent magnet material in pm synchronous
machines,” Industrial Electronics, IEEETransactions
on, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2131 2138, June 2013.
[27].D. Gerada, A. Mebarki, and C. Gerada, “Optimal
design of a high speedconcentrated wound pmsm,” in
Electrical Machines and Systems, 2009.ICEMS 2009.
International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1–6.
[28].R. Semken, M. Polikarpova, P. Roytta, J.
Alexandrova, J. Pyrhonen,J. Nerg, A. Mikkola, and J.
Backman, “Direct-drive permanent magnetgenerators
for high-power wind turbines: benefits and limiting
factors,”Renewable Power Generation, IET, vol. 6, no.
1, pp. 1–8, 2012.
[29].M. Barcaro, N. Bianchi, and F. Magnussen, “Remarks
on torque estimationaccuracy in fractional-slot
permanent-magnet motors,” IndustrialElectronics,
IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 2565–2572,
2012.