The document discusses shaping and grinding machines. It describes the main parts and functions of a shaping machine, including the base, body, ram, table, and clapper box. It also discusses the various operations performed by a shaper like vertical, horizontal, and angular cutting. For grinding machines, the key parts are described as the base, table, headstock, tailstock, and wheelhead. Different types of grinding are also outlined such as cylindrical, internal, surface, and form grinding. Tool and cutter grinding machines are also briefly discussed.

1. MIME 2230-Workshop Technology
Chapter-6-Shaping and Grinding Machine

2. Shaping Machine
 Shaping machine is a machine designed for giving desired shapes to the surfaces that
may be horizontal, vertical and flat.
 A shaping tool is used to cut in curves, different angles, and many other shapes.
 A disc is responsible for the tool rotation which results in the forward and backward
movement.
Shaping machine
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3. Parts of Shaping Machine
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Base:
 The base of shaping machine is kind of bed to hold the different parts of shaping
machine.
 The base bears the vibration shock of forward and backward movement of stroke
responsible for shaping action.
Body:
 Body of the machine consists of pats named Pillar, Frame, and Column.
 Column plays the covering role and supports the reciprocating movement in the
operation of the machine.

4. Parts of Shaping Machine
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Cross ways:
 These are the sideways affixed vertically and horizontally across the table to allow
the movement of the table.
Stroke adjuster:
 Stroke adjuster absorbs the vibration shock of stock by controlling the length of the
stroke.
Cross rail:
 The cross rail is affixed on the front part of the body which can be moved in an
upward and downward direction.
Ram:
 The Ram is responsible for the reciprocating action of the column sideways.
 Forward and backward movement of ram is called a stroke.
Table:
 A table is kind of flat body affixed over the frame.
 It is used to hold the work piece on which shaping action needs to be performed.
Clapper box:
 It is used to carry the shaping tool holder.
 Clapper box is responsible to prevent the damage in the form of wear and tear.

5. Operation performed on Shaper:
 Vertical Cutting Operation
 Horizontal Cutting Operation
 Inclined Cutting and
 Angular or Irregular Cutting Operation
Specification of shaper Machine:
 Weight of the Machine.
 Floor space required.
 Maximum stroke of Ram
 Drive types (Hydraulic, Gear and Crank type)
 Input Power
 Cutting to Return Stroke ratio
 Angular Movement of the table and
 Feed
Applications:
 A shaper Machine is used to make Internal splines.
 It generates straight and flat surfaces either horizontal, vertical or angular planes.
 It also makes gear teeth.
 Make keyways in pulleys or gears.

6. Grinding Machine
 A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is one of power tools or machine tools
used for grinding.
 It is a type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool.
 Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the workpiece via
shear deformation.
Cylindrical Grinding machine
Image source:https://slideplayer.com/slide/12826239/

7. Parts of Grinding Machine
Base:
 It is a cast-iron casting rests on the floor and supports the other parts which are
mounted on it.
 The base houses the table drive mechanism and on the top of the base accurately
machined guideways are provided at right angles to the table to slide on it.
Table:
 The lower table provides transverse movement to the work by sliding over the
guideways on the bed, which can be moved by hand or power.
 The upper table pivoted at its center over the sliding table and provided with
headstock and tailstock
 The upper table can be swiveled and clamped for grinding straight or tapered
surface.
Head Stock:
 The headstock fixed over the bed and supports the workpiece by means of a dead
center and drives it by means of a dog or it may hold the workpiece in a chuck and
drives it.
Tail stock:
 The tailstock can be adjusted and fixed in any required position to accommodate
different lengths of the workpiece.
Wheel Head:
 The wheel head is mounted on a slide at the rear end of the base and moves
perpendicularly to the table ways by hand or power to feed the grinding wheel to
the work

8. Grinding, in accordance the type of surface to be ground is classified as :
1.External cylindrical grinding:
 When we need to remove the excess material from the outer surface of the workpiece then
we performed an external grinding operation.
2.Internal cylindrical grinding:
 This operation is done for smoothening the internal surface of a hole or any cylindrical
workpiece.
3.Surface grinding:
It is used to make a flat surface, the rotating grinding wheel removes the material from the top
surface of the workpiece gives a flat look
4.Form grinding:
In this type of grinding process, the grinding wheel is maintained exactly the same shape as the
final product. It automatically the pre-determined shape is formed on the workpiece.
External grinding Internal grinding Surface grinding
Image source : Hajra choudary, Media promoters and Publishers 2002

9. Tool and cutter Grinder:
 A tool and cutter grinder is used to sharpen milling cutters and tool bits along with a host of
other cutting tools.
 It is an extremely versatile machine used to perform a variety of grinding operations:
surface, cylindrical, or complex shapes.
Tool and cutter grinder
Image source : Hajra choudary, Media promoters and Publishers 2002

10. References:
1. Hajra choudary, Media promoters and Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2002.
2. https://esskaymachines.com/blog/shaping-machine-its-mechanism-parts-
and-respective-
functions/#:~:text=Shaping%20machine%20is%20a%20machine,the%20
forward%20and%20backward%20movement.
3. https://themechanicalengineering.com/shaper-
machine/#Shaper_Machine_Operation.
4. https://slideplayer.com/slide/12826239/.