This document provides an overview of key concepts in surface water hydrology. It defines surface water hydrology and discusses watersheds, overland flow, rivers, lakes, sediment transport, water measurement, flood events, and the use of GIS mapping. Key terms are defined such as runoff, infiltration, discharge, flood frequency. Methods for measuring river flow rate and discharge are presented. The largest lakes in the world are listed and components of the hydrologic cycle are depicted in figures.