This document summarizes the human circulatory system and blood components. It describes that the human circulatory system is a double circulatory system where blood flows through the heart twice. It also details the three main types of blood vessels - arteries, veins, and capillaries. Furthermore, it explains the components and functions of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Lastly, it briefly discusses blood groups and the plant transport system involving xylem and phloem tissues.

1. CHAPTER 3
BLOOD CIRCULATION AND
TRANSPORT

2. 2.1 The Transport System in
Human Being
 Internal transport system is needed to deliver useful
materials to body cells and remove waste materials
 Internal transport system  Circulatory system
 Human circulatory system Double circulatory system
 Blood must flow through heart twice
 Pulmonary circulation
 Transport blood between heart and lungs
 Systematic circulation
 Transport blood between the heart and all other parts of body

4. Characteristics of circulatory
system
• Circulating fluid
 Blood
 Transports useful and waste materials
 Pumping device
 Heart
 Move through body by muscular contractions of heart
 Blood vessels
 3 main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries
 Valves
 Present in some blood vessels
 Prevent backflow
 Ensure blood flows in 1 direction only

5. Structure of human heart
Bicuspid valve /
mitral valve
Septum
From head
and body
To head
and body
From lungs
From trunk
and legs
To lungs

6. Blood Vessels and Their
Functions
 3 types of blood vessels:
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries
 Human circulatory system is called a closed
system

9. Comparisons
Characteristics Artery Vein Capillary
Cross section
Size of lumen Small Big Small
Thickness of
wall
Thick, muscular
and elastic walls
thinner, muscular
and less elastic
Wall only one
cell thick
Valves Absent Present Absent
Blood flow Fast and under
very high
pressure
Slow and under
low pressure
Slow and under
high pressure

10. Characteristics Artery Vein Capillary
Colour of blood
inside
Bright red,
contains
oxygenated
blood (except
pulmonary
artery)
Dark red,
contains
deoxygenated
blood
Bright red,
contains
oxygenated
blood
Function Carries blood
away from heart
Carries blood to
heart
• Connects
arteries and
veins
• Allows
exchange of
substances
between
blood and
body cells

11. Path of Blood Flow
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
vein
Aorta
Vena cava

13. Maintaining a healthy heart
 Factors that increase risk of getting heart
disease:
 Heredity
 Cholesterol and obesity
 Lack of exercise
 Smoking
 Stress
 Alcohol

14. Human Blood
Blood
Plasma Blood Cells Blood Fragments
Red Blood
Cells
White Blood
Cells
Platelets
 Plasma makes up 55% of blood by volume
 The other 45% consists of red blood cells, white blood
cells and platelets

15. Plasma
 Yellow liquid in blood
 90% of plasma is water
 10% of plasma include:
 Nutrients: glucose, amino acids and vitamins
 Proteins: antibodies, hormones, enzymes,
albumins and fibrinogen
 Inorganic ions: sodium, calcium, chlorides and
phosphates

16.  Main functions of plasma:
 To transport nutrients to tissues
 To remove waste products from tissues
 To distribute hormones, enzymes, antibodies
and other proteins
 To distribute heat energy from liver and muscles
to all other parts of body

17. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
 Biconcave, disc shaped cells without nucleus

18.  Transport oxygen from the lungs to all parts of
body
 Contain a red pigment called haemoglobin
which combines with oxygen molecules to form
oxyhaemoglobin
 Carry carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs
 RBC are produced in bone marrow
 Lifespan: 120 days
 When RBC are worn out, they are destroyed in
liver and spleen

19. White Blood Cells (leucocytes)
 WBC are much larger than RBC and they
each have a nucleus
 Usually irregular in shape, colourless and do
not contain haemoglobin

20.  Produced from bone marrow cells
 Lifespan of WBC depends on type of WBC. It
varies from a few hours to a few months
 Play a vital role in body’s defense against
diseases
 Produce antibodies
 WBC can squeeze through walls of blood
capillaries into the space among the cells to
destroy the bacteria

21. Platelets (thrombocytes)
 Play an important role in blood clotting

22. Blood groups
 ABO system classifies the human blood into
4 groups called A, B, AB and O.
 During blood transfusion, donor’s blood must
be compatible with the recipient’s blood
 When an incompatible type of blood is
transfused, RBC of donated blood will
agglutinate and cause fatal blockages in
recipient’s blood vessels

23. O A B AB
O
A
B
AB
Donor’s blood
Recipient’s
blood
Compatible
Incompatible

24.  Blood group O can safely donate blood, in
small quantities, to anyone. People with group
O are called universal donors
 Blood group AB can safely receive blood
from anyone. Group AB people are called
universal recipients

25. Transport system in Plants
 Non woody plants depend on the water stored
in the cells of the stem for support
 Wilting occurs in non woody plants when
water loss through aerial parts of plant
exceeds water absorption by roots
 Cells in plants lose their turgidity (stiffness)
and the plant droops
Wilting

26. Transport Tissues in Plants
 Transport system in plants is made up of
 Xylem tissues
 Phloem tissues
 They are found in roots, stems and leaves

27. Cross section of root
Cross section of stem

28. Upper
epidermis
Lower
epidermis
Cross section of leaf

29. Xylem tissues
 Made up of xylem vessels
 Form woody tissues of plants and give support
 Transport water and dissolved minerals from
roots, up the stems and to the leaves

30. Phloem
tissues
 Transport food substances from leaves to the
stems and roots
 Xylem and phloem tissues form vascular
bundles