Internet and open source concepts are discussed in the document. Open source software refers to software whose source code is available and can be modified without limitations. There are different types of open source software like free software, open source software, and FLOSS. E-commerce involves the trade of goods and services over the internet and comes in different forms like B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C. The internet relies on concepts like web browsers, web servers, URLs, and domain names to function. Intellectual property rights (IPR) govern copyrights, patents, and trademarks for products online.
Open source software refers to software with source code that is openly available and may be redistributed with few restrictions. Free software provides users complete freedom and control over the software, allowing them to run, study, share, and improve it. Open source software has more flexible licensing that does not require the software to be free of charge. Major organizations that support open source software include the Free Software Foundation, Open Source Initiative, and World Wide Web Consortium.
Lecture 1- Introduction to Computers and the Internet.pptxRemyaTom2
This document provides an introduction to web design and related concepts. It discusses the evolution of the internet from ARPANET in the late 1960s to today's worldwide network. The basics of the world wide web are defined, including HTML, URLs, domains, browsers, servers, and how static and dynamic websites differ. Client-side scripting is explained as scripts that run locally in a user's browser, while server-side scripts execute on the server and return customized pages. The roles of the W3C consortium in standardizing web technologies is also outlined.
This document provides an overview of the internet including its definition, history, basic services, the world wide web, web browsers, search engines, and uses. It defines the internet as a global network of computers and describes its origins as ARPANET in 1969. Basic services discussed include email, file transfer protocol, and telnet. The world wide web is introduced as a method of organizing information using hyperlinks. Web browsers and search engines are also summarized as tools for navigating and finding information on the internet. Common current uses such as online communication, shopping, and information sharing are then outlined.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. It was created by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s but has since grown to be a public, self-sustaining facility. An intranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols to securely share part of a company's information or operations, while an extranet extends an intranet to external users for specific limited collaboration. Internet service providers give customers access to the Internet for a monthly fee. Common types of connections include broadband, cable, dial-up, DSL, fiber, and wireless.
The document defines the Internet and its history, basic services like email, file transfer, and telnet. It describes the World Wide Web and how hyperlinks connect web pages. Web browsers allow users to access these pages through a URL. Search engines help users locate information on the web through keyword searches and maintain databases of web page content and relevance scores. The Internet provides communication, software and information sharing, as well as commercial uses like online shopping and customer support.
The document discusses the key concepts of the World Wide Web (WWW) and how it differs from the Internet. The WWW is a global information system consisting of web pages linked by hyperlinks and URLs that are accessed via web browsers. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and uses HTTP to transmit data between web servers and browsers. In contrast, the Internet is the worldwide network of interconnected computer networks that transport content, while the WWW is software that allows users to access and contribute content via browsers. The document also covers features of Web 2.0 like blogs, wikis, and social networking that enable greater user participation and sharing on the web.
Open source software refers to software with source code that is openly available and may be redistributed with few restrictions. Free software provides users complete freedom and control over the software, allowing them to run, study, share, and improve it. Open source software has more flexible licensing that does not require the software to be free of charge. Major organizations that support open source software include the Free Software Foundation, Open Source Initiative, and World Wide Web Consortium.
Lecture 1- Introduction to Computers and the Internet.pptxRemyaTom2
This document provides an introduction to web design and related concepts. It discusses the evolution of the internet from ARPANET in the late 1960s to today's worldwide network. The basics of the world wide web are defined, including HTML, URLs, domains, browsers, servers, and how static and dynamic websites differ. Client-side scripting is explained as scripts that run locally in a user's browser, while server-side scripts execute on the server and return customized pages. The roles of the W3C consortium in standardizing web technologies is also outlined.
This document provides an overview of the internet including its definition, history, basic services, the world wide web, web browsers, search engines, and uses. It defines the internet as a global network of computers and describes its origins as ARPANET in 1969. Basic services discussed include email, file transfer protocol, and telnet. The world wide web is introduced as a method of organizing information using hyperlinks. Web browsers and search engines are also summarized as tools for navigating and finding information on the internet. Common current uses such as online communication, shopping, and information sharing are then outlined.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. It was created by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s but has since grown to be a public, self-sustaining facility. An intranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols to securely share part of a company's information or operations, while an extranet extends an intranet to external users for specific limited collaboration. Internet service providers give customers access to the Internet for a monthly fee. Common types of connections include broadband, cable, dial-up, DSL, fiber, and wireless.
The document defines the Internet and its history, basic services like email, file transfer, and telnet. It describes the World Wide Web and how hyperlinks connect web pages. Web browsers allow users to access these pages through a URL. Search engines help users locate information on the web through keyword searches and maintain databases of web page content and relevance scores. The Internet provides communication, software and information sharing, as well as commercial uses like online shopping and customer support.
The document discusses the key concepts of the World Wide Web (WWW) and how it differs from the Internet. The WWW is a global information system consisting of web pages linked by hyperlinks and URLs that are accessed via web browsers. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and uses HTTP to transmit data between web servers and browsers. In contrast, the Internet is the worldwide network of interconnected computer networks that transport content, while the WWW is software that allows users to access and contribute content via browsers. The document also covers features of Web 2.0 like blogs, wikis, and social networking that enable greater user participation and sharing on the web.
The document outlines key topics related to browsing the internet, including:
The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers, while the World Wide Web is a collection of web pages accessed via the internet using browsers. URLs uniquely identify web pages and include components like the protocol and domain name. Other important terms discussed include web sites containing pages linked through hyperlinks, web applications, browsers used to view pages, search engines to find sites, and ISPs that provide internet access.
The document outlines key concepts related to browsing the internet, including:
The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers, while the world wide web (WWW) is a system for accessing information over the internet using HTML documents called web pages. Web pages are stored on servers and viewed using browsers, with hyperlinks allowing users to easily navigate between pages on different servers. Other terms defined include URLs, which provide unique addresses for web pages, websites which are collections of web pages, and search engines which allow users to find websites through searchable databases.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks[1] that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony.
The document discusses the history and components of the internet. It defines the internet as a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP protocols to link devices worldwide. The internet consists of private, public, academic and business networks linked by technologies like fiber optics and wireless networks. It carries information like websites, email, and file sharing services. Key components include internet service providers that give users access, browsers to view websites, and search engines that help users find information online. The internet is governed by volunteer groups that coordinate technical standards rather than a single entity.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and the world wide web. It defines common terms like internet, internet services, websites, web servers, web browsers, URLs, HTML, and hyperlinks. It describes how the web works by explaining the role of domain name servers, IP addresses, and how web pages are requested and delivered. Finally, it outlines several advantages of having a website like being open 24/7, increasing customer base, cost savings, improved advertising and creating a brand image.
This document defines and discusses the history and basic components of the internet, including electronic mail, file transfer protocol, telnet, the world wide web, web browsers, and internet search engines. It explains that the internet is a global network of connected computers that allows users to send emails, transfer files, access remote computers, and browse web pages containing hyperlinked information. Key functions like searching the web for information are enabled by search engines that index web pages and return relevant results based on user queries.
Internet is today one of the most important part of our daily life. There are large numbers of things that can be done using the internet and so it is very important. You can say that with the progress in the internet we are progressing in every sphere of life as it not only makes our tasks easier but also saves a lot of time. Today internet is used for different purposes depending upon the requirement.
Internet and Open Source Concepts in brief pdfneokushal17
- The document discusses various internet and open source concepts including internetworks, free software, open source software, GNU, FSF, OSI, W3C, proprietary software, freeware, shareware, the world wide web, and e-commerce. It provides definitions and explanations of these key terms.
- Internetworks include the internet, intranets, and extranets. Free software emphasizes freedom to use, study, share, and improve software. Open source software has source code available and allows modifications with some licensing terms.
- E-commerce involves using technology and online services for business transactions, and it has advantages like global markets but risks like security issues.
The document discusses various topics related to internet and web technologies. It begins by defining the internet as a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks. It then discusses the history of the internet and development of the world wide web. Key points covered include how the internet grew out of ARPANET, the development of HTML and hyperlinks allowing for explosive growth of the web, and the difference between the internet and world wide web. The document also defines intranets, extranets, and web pages/sites. It provides descriptions of common web technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and web programming languages such as PHP, Java, Python.
The document defines the Internet as a network of computers that links different types of computers worldwide. It originated from ARPANET, which had only four sites in 1969. The basic services of the Internet include email, file transfer protocol (FTP), and Telnet. The World Wide Web (WWW) organizes information through hyperlinks between web pages. Web browsers allow users to access and navigate web pages through their uniform resource locators (URLs). Internet search engines help users locate websites containing relevant information by searching keywords. The document outlines the history and evolution of the Internet and its key functions and services.
This course introduces students to web application development. Students will learn about basic internet protocols, HTML, JavaScript, dynamic web content, server-side programming, and current development trends. The course involves lectures, practical sessions, assignments, and a final exam. Students will be evaluated based on CATs, assignments, presentations, and a final exam.
To access and use the internet, you typically need a few basic components and follow some straightforward steps. Here's a general guide:
Components Needed:
Device: You'll need a device capable of connecting to the internet, such as a computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet, or a smart device.
Internet Connection:
Wi-Fi: If using a wireless device, make sure you're in range of a Wi-Fi network. Connect by selecting the appropriate network and entering the password if required.
Ethernet: For wired connections, connect your device to an available Ethernet port using an Ethernet cable.
Internet Service Provider (ISP):
Subscribe to an internet service through an ISP. This may involve setting up an account, choosing a plan, and installing necessary equipment like a modem or router.
This document defines and discusses the history and basic components of the internet, including electronic mail, file transfer protocol, telnet, the world wide web, web browsers, and internet search engines. It explains that the internet is a global network of connected computers that allows for communication methods like email and file sharing, as well as access to information through the world wide web via browsers and search engines.
The document provides an overview of networking basics, the internet, and web-related concepts. It defines what a network is and common network types like local area networks and wide area networks. It explains what the internet is, how it connects networks globally, and some common internet terms. It also discusses the world wide web and how users can browse websites using browsers and search engines. Key internet applications like email and chat are summarized along with instructions for basic web browsing.
Introduction to Information Technology Lecture Slides PPTOsama Yousaf
The document provides an overview of key topics related to information technology and the internet. It discusses the internet, intranets and extranets, internet service providers, internet addressing, the world wide web, web browsers, URLs, domain name systems, common protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and POP, and wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The document is intended as part of an introduction to information technology course covering fundamental concepts of networking and the internet.
This document provides an introduction to the World Wide Web. It discusses what the World Wide Web is, its history beginning in 1989 with Tim Berners-Lee's invention at CERN, and its fundamental structure of clients, servers, and browsers connected by URLs and HTTP. The document also distinguishes the World Wide Web from the broader Internet and describes how Web 2.0 has enabled more user-generated content and collaboration online through social media platforms and user-generated content sites.
The document provides definitions for various web terminology used in web database programming. It defines key terms like the world wide web, World Wide Web Consortium, ARPANET, internet, email, SMTP, MIME, FTP, Telnet, HTTP/HTTPS, blog, mobile telecommunications, forum, web page, website and provides examples of different types of each. It was submitted as an assignment by a student for their web database programming course.
The document discusses the history and development of the internet and world wide web. It begins with definitions of the world wide web and World Wide Web Consortium. It then discusses the precursors to the internet, including ARPANET and early computer networks. It provides an overview of key technologies and protocols that enable the internet and web, such as email, SMTP, FTP, Telnet, HTTP, and blogs. It also defines common web elements like pages, plugins, and different types of websites.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW). It discusses how the Internet originated in the 1960s and evolved with developments like email, file transfer protocol, and domain name servers. It then explains how Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 while working at CERN. The document defines key terms related to the Internet and WWW like websites, web servers, HTML, URLs, IP addresses, browsers, and protocols. It provides examples and diagrams to illustrate concepts like client-server structure, domain name systems, and URL structure.
II PUC Reduced syllabus(NCERT ADOPTED SUBJECTS).pdfstudy material
The document provides a list of rationalized content that has been dropped from textbooks for Class XII in various subjects. Some of the major topics that have been dropped include chapters on reproduction in biology, polymers and chemistry in everyday life in chemistry, resonance and eddy currents in physics, and non-competitive markets and open economy macroeconomics in economics. Multiple examples, questions, and summaries have also been removed from chapters across mathematics, physics, chemistry, and other subjects.
In the party of Capulets, Romeo sees Juliet on the dancing floor and falls in love at first sight with her beauty, describing her as outshining all others in the room. Juliet is also taken by Romeo when she sees him, saying he is like a day come during the night and requesting the night to turn Romeo into stars when she dies. The two lovers express their newfound love for each other through poetic language.
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The document outlines key topics related to browsing the internet, including:
The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers, while the World Wide Web is a collection of web pages accessed via the internet using browsers. URLs uniquely identify web pages and include components like the protocol and domain name. Other important terms discussed include web sites containing pages linked through hyperlinks, web applications, browsers used to view pages, search engines to find sites, and ISPs that provide internet access.
The document outlines key concepts related to browsing the internet, including:
The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers, while the world wide web (WWW) is a system for accessing information over the internet using HTML documents called web pages. Web pages are stored on servers and viewed using browsers, with hyperlinks allowing users to easily navigate between pages on different servers. Other terms defined include URLs, which provide unique addresses for web pages, websites which are collections of web pages, and search engines which allow users to find websites through searchable databases.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks[1] that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and telephony.
The document discusses the history and components of the internet. It defines the internet as a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP protocols to link devices worldwide. The internet consists of private, public, academic and business networks linked by technologies like fiber optics and wireless networks. It carries information like websites, email, and file sharing services. Key components include internet service providers that give users access, browsers to view websites, and search engines that help users find information online. The internet is governed by volunteer groups that coordinate technical standards rather than a single entity.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and the world wide web. It defines common terms like internet, internet services, websites, web servers, web browsers, URLs, HTML, and hyperlinks. It describes how the web works by explaining the role of domain name servers, IP addresses, and how web pages are requested and delivered. Finally, it outlines several advantages of having a website like being open 24/7, increasing customer base, cost savings, improved advertising and creating a brand image.
This document defines and discusses the history and basic components of the internet, including electronic mail, file transfer protocol, telnet, the world wide web, web browsers, and internet search engines. It explains that the internet is a global network of connected computers that allows users to send emails, transfer files, access remote computers, and browse web pages containing hyperlinked information. Key functions like searching the web for information are enabled by search engines that index web pages and return relevant results based on user queries.
Internet is today one of the most important part of our daily life. There are large numbers of things that can be done using the internet and so it is very important. You can say that with the progress in the internet we are progressing in every sphere of life as it not only makes our tasks easier but also saves a lot of time. Today internet is used for different purposes depending upon the requirement.
Internet and Open Source Concepts in brief pdfneokushal17
- The document discusses various internet and open source concepts including internetworks, free software, open source software, GNU, FSF, OSI, W3C, proprietary software, freeware, shareware, the world wide web, and e-commerce. It provides definitions and explanations of these key terms.
- Internetworks include the internet, intranets, and extranets. Free software emphasizes freedom to use, study, share, and improve software. Open source software has source code available and allows modifications with some licensing terms.
- E-commerce involves using technology and online services for business transactions, and it has advantages like global markets but risks like security issues.
The document discusses various topics related to internet and web technologies. It begins by defining the internet as a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks. It then discusses the history of the internet and development of the world wide web. Key points covered include how the internet grew out of ARPANET, the development of HTML and hyperlinks allowing for explosive growth of the web, and the difference between the internet and world wide web. The document also defines intranets, extranets, and web pages/sites. It provides descriptions of common web technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and web programming languages such as PHP, Java, Python.
The document defines the Internet as a network of computers that links different types of computers worldwide. It originated from ARPANET, which had only four sites in 1969. The basic services of the Internet include email, file transfer protocol (FTP), and Telnet. The World Wide Web (WWW) organizes information through hyperlinks between web pages. Web browsers allow users to access and navigate web pages through their uniform resource locators (URLs). Internet search engines help users locate websites containing relevant information by searching keywords. The document outlines the history and evolution of the Internet and its key functions and services.
This course introduces students to web application development. Students will learn about basic internet protocols, HTML, JavaScript, dynamic web content, server-side programming, and current development trends. The course involves lectures, practical sessions, assignments, and a final exam. Students will be evaluated based on CATs, assignments, presentations, and a final exam.
To access and use the internet, you typically need a few basic components and follow some straightforward steps. Here's a general guide:
Components Needed:
Device: You'll need a device capable of connecting to the internet, such as a computer, laptop, smartphone, tablet, or a smart device.
Internet Connection:
Wi-Fi: If using a wireless device, make sure you're in range of a Wi-Fi network. Connect by selecting the appropriate network and entering the password if required.
Ethernet: For wired connections, connect your device to an available Ethernet port using an Ethernet cable.
Internet Service Provider (ISP):
Subscribe to an internet service through an ISP. This may involve setting up an account, choosing a plan, and installing necessary equipment like a modem or router.
This document defines and discusses the history and basic components of the internet, including electronic mail, file transfer protocol, telnet, the world wide web, web browsers, and internet search engines. It explains that the internet is a global network of connected computers that allows for communication methods like email and file sharing, as well as access to information through the world wide web via browsers and search engines.
The document provides an overview of networking basics, the internet, and web-related concepts. It defines what a network is and common network types like local area networks and wide area networks. It explains what the internet is, how it connects networks globally, and some common internet terms. It also discusses the world wide web and how users can browse websites using browsers and search engines. Key internet applications like email and chat are summarized along with instructions for basic web browsing.
Introduction to Information Technology Lecture Slides PPTOsama Yousaf
The document provides an overview of key topics related to information technology and the internet. It discusses the internet, intranets and extranets, internet service providers, internet addressing, the world wide web, web browsers, URLs, domain name systems, common protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP and POP, and wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The document is intended as part of an introduction to information technology course covering fundamental concepts of networking and the internet.
This document provides an introduction to the World Wide Web. It discusses what the World Wide Web is, its history beginning in 1989 with Tim Berners-Lee's invention at CERN, and its fundamental structure of clients, servers, and browsers connected by URLs and HTTP. The document also distinguishes the World Wide Web from the broader Internet and describes how Web 2.0 has enabled more user-generated content and collaboration online through social media platforms and user-generated content sites.
The document provides definitions for various web terminology used in web database programming. It defines key terms like the world wide web, World Wide Web Consortium, ARPANET, internet, email, SMTP, MIME, FTP, Telnet, HTTP/HTTPS, blog, mobile telecommunications, forum, web page, website and provides examples of different types of each. It was submitted as an assignment by a student for their web database programming course.
The document discusses the history and development of the internet and world wide web. It begins with definitions of the world wide web and World Wide Web Consortium. It then discusses the precursors to the internet, including ARPANET and early computer networks. It provides an overview of key technologies and protocols that enable the internet and web, such as email, SMTP, FTP, Telnet, HTTP, and blogs. It also defines common web elements like pages, plugins, and different types of websites.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW). It discusses how the Internet originated in the 1960s and evolved with developments like email, file transfer protocol, and domain name servers. It then explains how Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 while working at CERN. The document defines key terms related to the Internet and WWW like websites, web servers, HTML, URLs, IP addresses, browsers, and protocols. It provides examples and diagrams to illustrate concepts like client-server structure, domain name systems, and URL structure.
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The document provides a list of rationalized content that has been dropped from textbooks for Class XII in various subjects. Some of the major topics that have been dropped include chapters on reproduction in biology, polymers and chemistry in everyday life in chemistry, resonance and eddy currents in physics, and non-competitive markets and open economy macroeconomics in economics. Multiple examples, questions, and summaries have also been removed from chapters across mathematics, physics, chemistry, and other subjects.
In the party of Capulets, Romeo sees Juliet on the dancing floor and falls in love at first sight with her beauty, describing her as outshining all others in the room. Juliet is also taken by Romeo when she sees him, saying he is like a day come during the night and requesting the night to turn Romeo into stars when she dies. The two lovers express their newfound love for each other through poetic language.
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This document provides a 20 question multiple choice quiz on solid state chemistry and solutions. It begins with a 10 question quiz on topics related to solids including crystal structure, unit cells, defects in solids, and properties of materials. This is followed by a 10 question quiz on solutions that covers topics like colligative properties, Raoult's law, and concentration units. It also includes 3 fill in the blank questions testing terminology related to solutions. The document provides the answer key for both quizzes and sources contact information to provide additional support to students.
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This document contains instructions and questions for a Physics preparatory exam being administered in Karnataka, India. It is divided into 6 parts (A-F) covering multiple choice, short answer, and long answer questions. The exam is 3 hours and 15 minutes long and has a maximum score of 70 marks. Instructions specify that all parts are compulsory, Part A questions must be answered in the first two pages, and diagrams are required for full marks on some answers. Questions cover topics in Physics including electromagnetism, optics, nuclear physics, and semiconductors.
The document discusses electromagnetic waves and their properties. It explains that Maxwell concluded that changing electric fields can produce magnetic fields, and that electric and magnetic fields propagate as transverse waves called electromagnetic waves. These waves travel at the speed of light. Experiments by Hertz and Bose produced small frequency electromagnetic waves, while Marconi successfully transmitted EM waves over long distances. The document also outlines Maxwell's equations and provides information on the electromagnetic spectrum and applications of different electromagnetic waves.
1) Alternating current (AC) is a current whose magnitude and direction changes continuously with time in contrast to direct current (DC) which remains constant. AC is generated by electric generators while DC comes from batteries.
2) In AC circuits, the voltage and current can be represented as rotating vectors called phasors where the length of the vector indicates magnitude and the angle between vectors represents the phase difference.
3) In a purely resistive AC circuit, the current and voltage phasors are in phase meaning they reach their maximum, minimum, and zero values at the same time. In an inductive circuit, the current phasor lags the voltage phasor by 90 degrees while in a capacitive circuit the current phasor leads
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2. Faraday's experiments showed that a changing magnetic flux induces a current in a coil. He placed coils inside changing magnetic fields from moving magnets and observed induced currents.
3. Lenz's law defines the direction of induced current: the current flows such that its magnetic field opposes the change that caused it. This ensures the conservation of energy.
1. Magnetism is the property of attracting iron and steel. Magnets can be natural or artificial. Natural magnets form in rocks containing iron ore, while artificial magnets are human-made from materials like iron.
2. The simplest type of magnet is a bar magnet, which is rectangular in shape and has magnetic poles at each end. Bar magnets have magnetic field lines that form closed loops and attract or repel other magnets depending on whether the poles are opposite or same.
3. The Earth itself acts as a giant bar magnet due to electrical currents in its outer core. The Earth has a north and south magnetic pole that do not align with its geographic poles. The magnetic field at any
1. Hans Christian Oersted discovered that electric currents produce magnetic fields. He observed that a current-carrying wire deflected a nearby compass needle. This showed that moving electric charges create magnetic fields.
2. The direction of the magnetic field produced by a current can be determined using the right-hand rule. The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field depends on the charge, velocity, field strength, and their relative directions, as described by the Lorentz force law.
3. Magnetic fields can cause moving charges to travel in circular paths. The radius of the path is determined by the charge, velocity, and magnetic field strength. This explains phenomena like the bending of electron beams in cathode ray tubes
1. The document discusses electric current and resistance. It defines current as the rate of flow of electric charge and explains that current can be direct or alternating.
2. It describes how current flows in different materials, with free electrons causing current in metals. It introduces concepts like current density, drift velocity, and mobility.
3. Ohm's law is explained, which relates current, voltage, and resistance. The factors that determine a conductor's resistance are described.
1. The document discusses electrostatic potential and capacitance. It defines electrostatic potential energy as the work done by an external force in bringing a charge from infinity to a point in an electric field.
2. The potential due to a point charge is directly proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the distance from the point charge. The potential due to an electric dipole depends on the cosine of the angle between the position vector and the dipole axis.
3. Equipotential surfaces represent points in space with the same electric potential. Electric field lines are perpendicular to equipotential surfaces. Potential decreases in the direction of increasing electric field strength.
Optics is the study of light and its interactions with matter. There are two main branches of optics: geometrical optics and physical optics. Geometrical optics considers light as rays and explains phenomena like reflection and refraction using laws of reflection. Physical optics considers light as electromagnetic waves and explains phenomena like interference and diffraction. Spherical mirrors come in two types - concave and convex. Concave mirrors form real, inverted images while convex mirrors form virtual, upright images. The mirror equation relates the object and image distances to the focal length.
1. Electric charges and fields deals with forces, fields, and potentials arising from static electric charges. An electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that experiences an attractive or repulsive force. There are two types of charges: positive and negative.
2. Objects can be charged through friction, contact, or induction. Conductors allow electric charges to move through them, while insulators do not.
3. An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges separated by a distance. It has a net electric field even though its total charge is zero. The electric field due to a dipole depends on distance and orientation relative to the dipole.
The document provides information on data structures. It defines data structures as how data is organized and stored to allow for efficient operations. Primitive data structures include basic data types like integers while non-primitive structures are derived from primitives, including arrays, lists, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees and graphs. Linear structures like stacks and queues have elements in sequence while non-linear structures like trees and graphs have hierarchical relationships. Common operations on data structures are traversing, inserting, deleting, searching and sorting. Arrays are introduced as ordered collections of homogeneous elements accessed via indices. One-dimensional arrays are described along with operations like traversal, insertion, deletion and linear/binary search.
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The document provides an overview of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and web design. It discusses HTML tags and elements used to structure web pages, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, lists and tables. It also covers HTML forms, frames, the differences between HTML and XML, dynamic HTML (DHTML), and web hosting options. Scripting languages are introduced, including client-side languages like JavaScript and server-side languages like PHP that enable dynamic web page functionality.
The document contains questions and answers related to computer fundamentals. It covers topics like typical computer configuration, logic gates, data structures, classes and objects. Some key points covered are:
- The motherboard connects all computer components and the microprocessor, also called CPU, is installed on the motherboard.
- The three basic logic gates are NOT, AND and OR. NAND and NOR are universal gates that can be used to construct other gates.
- Data structures organize data for efficient operations and include primitive, non-primitive, linear and non-linear structures like arrays, stacks, queues and linked lists.
- A class defines common properties and behaviors of objects through data members and member functions.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
1. Chapter 16- Internet and Open Source Concepts II PUC, MDRPUC, Hassan
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Chapter-16
INTERNET AND OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS
Introduction:
Internetwork: An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate
networking devices, that functions as a single large network.
Classification of Internetworks:
o Internet: The globe public network.
o Intranets: The wholly owned/private internetworks.
o Extranets: The hybrid internetworks: private networks/ internetworks connected through
the internet
The term “open source” software is used to refer to those categories of software/ programs
whose licenses do not impose much condition.
Terminology and Definitions:
Free Software:
Free software means the software is freely accessible and can be freely used, changed,
improved, copied and distributed by all who wish to do so.
No payments are needed to be made for free software.
Open Source Software:
Open Source Software, on the other hand, can be freely used but it does not have to be free of
charge.
Open Source doesn’t just access to the source code. The distribution terms of Open Source
Software must comply with the following criteria.
1. Free Redistribution
2. Source Code
3. Derived works
4. No Discrimination Against persons or groups
5. No Discrimination Against Fields or Groups
6. Distribution of License
7. License Must Not be Specific to a Product
8. The license must Not Restrict other Software
9. License Must Be technology Natural
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OSS:
OSS refers to open source software, which refers to software whose source code is available to
customers and it can be modified and redistributed without any limitation.
FLOSS:
FLOSS refers to Free Libre and open Source Software or to Free Livre and Open Source
Software.
The term FLOSS is used to refer to software which is both free software as well as open source
software.
Here the words Libre (a Spanish word) and Livre (a Portuguese’s word) mean freedom.
GNU:
GNU is a Unix-like computer operating system developed by the GNU project.
It is composed wholly of free software.
It refers to GNU’s Not Unix .GNU Project emphasizes on freedom and thus its logo type show
a GNU, an animal living in freedom
FSF:
FSF is Free Software Foundation. FSF is a non-profit organization created for the purpose of
supporting free software movement.
Richard Stallman founded FSF in 1985 to support GNU project and GNU licenses.
OSI:
OSI is Open Source Initiative. It is an organization dedicated to cause of promoting open
source software.
Bruce Perens and Erics Raymond were the founders of OSI that was founded in February
1998.
W3C:
W3C is acronym for World Wide Web Consortium.
W3C is responsible for producing the software standards for World Wide Web.
The W3C was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994.
Proprietary Software:
Proprietary software or closed source software is the software that is neither open nor freely
available.
Its use is regulated and further distribution and modifications is either forbidden or requires
special permission by the supplier or vendor.
Source of proprietary software is normally not available.
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Freeware:
The term freeware has no clear definition, but is generally used for software, which is available
free of cost and which allows copying and further distribution, but not modification and whose
source code is not available.
Freeware is distributed in Binary Form (ready to run) without any licensing fees.
Shareware:
Shareware is software, offered as trial version (for limited period of time) with certain features
only available after the license is purchased.
Its source code is not available and modifications to the software are not allowed.
WWW (World Wide Web).
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of protocols that allows you to access any documents
on the Net through a naming system based on URLs.
WWW also specifies a way -- the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - to request and send a
document over the internet.
Attributes of WWW
o User friendly - www resources can be easily used with the help of browser.
o Multimedia documents - A web page may have graphic, audio, video, and animation
etc at a time.
o Hypertext and hyperlinks - The dynamic links which can move towards another web
page is hyperlink.
o Interactive - www with its pages support and enable interactivity between users and
servers.
o Frame - display of more than one section on single web page.
Advantages of WWW:
o Availability of mainly free information.
o Low cost of initial connection.
o It is accessible from anywhere.
o Facilities rapid interactive communication.
o Facilities the exchange of huge information.
o Facilitates the establishment of professional contact.
o Facilitates access to different sources of information.
Disadvantages of WWW:
o Danger of overload and excess information
o It requires an efficient information search strategy
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o The search can be slow
o It is difficult to filter and prioritize information
o No guarantee of finding what one is looking for
o Net becomes overloaded because of large number of users
o No quality control over available data
Telnet (Remote Login):
Telnet (Teletype network) is an order Internet utility that lets you log on to remote computer
systems.
Telnet program gives you a character-based terminal window on another system.
You get a login prompt on that system. If you’ve permitted access, you can work on that
system, just as you would if you were sitting next to it.
Web Browser:
A Web Browser is software application that enables the user to view web pages, navigate web
sites and move from one website to another.
Some of the web browsers are Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla
Firefox, and Opera.
Web Server:
An internet host computer that many store thousand of websites.
A Web Server is a WWW server that responds made by web browsers.
Example: Apache, IIS, PWS (Personal web server for Windows 98).
Web sites:
A Web site is collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a
particular domain on the WWW.
Each web site has a unique address called URL.
Web page:
A document that can be viewed in a web browser and residing on a website is a web page.
The web pages use HTTP.
o Home page - A web page that is the starting page and acts as an indexed page is home
page.
o Web portal - That facilitates various type of the functionality as website.
o For example: www.pue.kar.nic.in , www.karnataka.gov.in.
URL and Domain :
The internet structure of the www is built on a set of rules called Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) and a page description language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
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HTTP uses Internet addresses in a special format called a URL.
A URL (Uniform Resources Locator) specifies the distinct address for each resource on the
internet
URLs look like this: type://address/path
In URL,
o type specifies the type of server in which the file is located,
o address is the address of the server,
o path is the location within the file structure of the server, the path includes the list of
folders( or directories) where the desired file is located.
Consider the URL
http://www.yahoo.com or http://www.facebook.com
Domain name:
An internet address which is a character based is called a Domain name.
A domain name is away to identify and locate computer and resources connected to the
internet.
This type of domain name is also called hostname.
Some most common domains are:
E-Commerce:
E-Commerce is the trade of goods and services with the help of telecommunications and
computers.
E-Commerce involves the automation of a variety of business to consumer transaction through
reliable and secure connections.
E-Commerce Process:
A consumer uses a Web browser to connect to the home page of a merchant's Web site on the
Internet.
Domain ID Meaning
.com Commercial
.gov Government
.mil Military
.ac Academic
.org Organization
.edu Education
Domain Cou Meaning
.au Australia
.in India
.nz New Zealand
.ca Canada
.jp Japan
.uk United Kingdom
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The consumer browses the catalog of products featured on the site and selects items to
purchase. The selected items are placed in the electronic equivalent of a shopping cart.
When the consumer is ready to complete the purchase of selected items, it provides a bill to
and ship to address for purchase and delivery
When the credit card number is validated and the order is completed at the Commerce Server
site, the merchant's site displays a receipt confirming the customer's purchase.
The Commerce Server site then forwards the order to a Processing Network for payment
processing and fulfillment.
Different types of E-Commerce
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Business-to-Business (B2B):
The exchange of services, information and/or products from one business to another business
partners.
Examples: Intel selling microprocessor to Dell
Business-to-Consumer (B2C):
The exchange of services, information and/or product from business to a consumer.
Example: Dell selling me a laptop. Websites: Flipkart, Amazon, Snapdeal.
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Consumer-to-Business (C2B):
Customer directly contact with business vendors by posting their project work with set budget
online so that needy companies review it and contact the customer directly with bid.
Example: guru.com, freelancer.com
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
E-commerce is simply commerce between private individuals or consumers.
Example: Ram buying smartphone from Sham using OLX
Advantages of e-commerce
Buying & selling can be done online at any time (24 hours) money.
It provides faster payments through Electronic Fund Transfer.
Online payment reduces work of carrying money to the shop and also saves money.
Customer can search for competitive prices quickly before purchasing the items.
Wider choice for item selection.
Without going to the shops customers can view the products through websites thus saves time.
Disadvantages of e-commerce
Initial cost is high.
E-Commerce websites needs to be protected from virus attacks, hackers.
Needs more security.
Some company may charge more for shipping or other transport.
There is the possibility of credit card number theft.
Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes.
IPR Issues:
IPR stands for Intellectual Property Rights.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) means copyrights, patents, and trademarks, designs etc held
by a person or company who have invented or designed a product.
Copyright, trademarks, industrial designs, patents, integrated circuits are the different forms of
Intellectual property.
The main benefits of IPR are wealth creation, legitimate ownership, talent attraction, image of
a trustworthy organization.
WIPO – World Intellectual Property Organization.
IPR-related issues in India like patents, trademarks, copyrights, designs are governed by the
Patents Act 1970 and patents Rules 2003, Trademarks Act 1999, Trademarks Rules 2002,
Copyright Act 1957, Design Act 2000 and Rules 2001.
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CHAPTER 16 – INTERNET AND OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS BLUE PRINT
VSA (1 marks) SA (2 marks) LA (3 Marks) Essay (5 Marks) Total
01 Question - 01 Question - 02 Question
Question no 9 - Question no 25 - 04 Marks
Important Questions
1 Marks Question:
1. What is Open source software?
2. What are Freeware? [March 2015]
3. Define E-Commerce. [March 2016]
4. What is telnet? [June 2016]
5. Expand OSS and FLOSS.
3 Marks Question:
1. Explain Free software.
2. What is meant by shareware? Write its limitations [March 2016]
3. What is Web browser? Mention any two web browser. [March 2015, June 2015]
4. Give the advantages of WWW.
5. Define the terms webpage, website, web server. [June 2016]
6. Explain URLs.
7. What is E-Commerce? Explain types of E-commerce. [June 2015, March 2017]
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce?
9. Explain IPR.
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