This document discusses different forms of energy, including kinetic and potential energy, and introduces various types of energy such as chemical, electrical, mechanical, and radiant. It also explains organic compounds, particularly carbohydrates, focusing on their definitions, classifications, and processes like dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. Key examples include glucose as a monosaccharide, and the differences between starch and glycogen.

1. Chapter II Let the fun begin

2. Energy Kinetic Energy- Actually doing work Potential Energy- Stored and Inactive In this picture: What is the Kinetic Energy and What is the Potential Energy? Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

3. Forms of Energy Chemical: stored in bonds of chemical substances Ex: Semtex (an Explosive) or Gasoline Electrical: product of the movement of charged particles called “ions” Ex: Neural impulses of the brain Mechanical: DIRECTLY involved with movement Ex. Muscle Contractions Radiant: Travels in waves of the electromagnetic spectrum Ex: X-rays, UV light, IR (infrared)

4. How to remember that? M.E.R.C or C.R.E.M. ~What ever is easiest for you~

5. Organic Compounds Definition: Carbon-containing compounds Also include: Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen

6. CARBOHYDRATES Includes: Sugars Starches

7. CARBOHYDRATES A common Sugar is: Glucose Also called a Monosaccharide Mono (meaning ONE) Saccharide (meaning SUGAR) C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose

8. CARBOHYDRATES DISACCHARIDES Are simply 2 sugars bound together by an Oxygen Examples: Sucrose (Table sugar) Lactose (Milk sugar)

9. CARBOHYDRATES POLYSACCHARIDES Simply Means: Poly (Meaning MANY *as in more than one*) Saccharides (Meaning ______?)

10. CARBOHYDRATES Quick Question: Is this a Polysaccharide? Answer: Yes it is BOTH a Disaccharide and a Polysaccharide

11. So How are Polysaccharides made? SIMPLE: Dehydration Synthesis Your next question must be: “ What the $%&@ is Dehydration Synthesis?” “ Dehydration” Simply put is when you LOSE water But in this case your BUILDING a BOND Thus the Word “ Synthesis” (meaning bringing together )

12. CARBOHYDRATES IMPORTANT POLYSACCHARIDES STARCH GLYCOGEN What’s the Difference between them? Glycogen is SMALLER than a Starch Molecule

13. So then how are Polysaccharides BROKEN down? Simple: HYDROLYSIS Hydro : Meaning “from water” Lysis : Meaning “to separate” So water (H2O) is added *with the help of an enzyme* and the bonds BREAK ~snap~

14. The Relationship Building = Dehydration Synthesis Breaking = Hydrolysis