The document provides background information on derivational processes in the Matbat language. It begins by discussing how language is used for communication between humans and as an identifier of one's cultural background. It then notes that morphology, the study of how words are formed, is divided into inflection and derivation. The author examines the derivational process in the Matbat language by looking at changes in word class, such as from adjective to verb or noun. Some examples of derivational suffixes changing nouns in Matbat are provided. The purpose of the research is to investigate this derivational process in the language. It is expected that the results will provide useful information for language learners and teachers. The scope is limited to looking at changes between adjective

1. 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research
Language is a means of communication between human beings with
one another, while language is someone's identity to be known by others that
he was from the area. In language there are some studies to be observed by
the researchers, they are: Pragmatic, Syntax, Linguistics, Semantics, and
morphology. Morphology was a branch of linguistics that studies treasury /
change words. In the science of morphology is divided into two parts, namely
Inflection and derivational. on this occasion the author examines how is
derivation process in Matbat language.
Why the author doing research on derivational language Matbat
Misool, because derivation is a change of word class which added by
morphemes particular, on the other hand also the derivation shall have the
meanings is change the basic words into a word that implies / have meaning if
the word is added by morphemes as a complementary word

2. 2
above the writer took the title it is Derivational Process in Matbat
Language
The examples of derivational process in Matbat language are as follow:
Adjective Suffix Noun
Nuhoi
(aware)
Lotem Nuhoilotem
(awareness)
Fi
(good)
Lotem Filotem
(goodness)
1.1 Table of Derivatioal
Morpheme is still very strange to some language learners. However
human is have already applied morphemes in their daily comunication
because each morpheme exist in language that human use in their
comunication, and automatically to make a morpheme become a word, they
need a derivational process.
To learn second language or foreign language, the language learner
usually starts with learn its word class. It aims to help the learners to arrange
the sentence, which the sentence is a language element that used to make
comunication, convey the idea, feeling, desire, and etc.
Every word in all language never stands alone. These words always
constructed from some elements morpheme. This case must be understood in
order to the language learner avoid misplacement of these elements in
sentence. Misplacement in sentence will cause misunderstanding. So,
learning the word shape element to be a sentence is very important.

3. 3
Same with another local language, in Misool Matbat language found
derivational process. Misool are Matbat and Macap language spoken
principally on Raja Ampat especially the island of Misool Island. In Misool
Matbat language there are many dialects, among of them are Limlas, Folley,
Tomolol, Kapacol, Magey, Aduwei, Salafen, and also Atkari dialects.
Although these languages come from the same ethnic, but in several aspects it
is very different whether it is from phonology aspect, syntax, structure, or
morphology aspects. These differences are caused by intonation and words
structure that used by the different people.
B. Problem Statement of the Research
Based on the background above, the writer formulates a research
question as below: “How is derivational process between adjective to verb,
adjective to noun and verb to noun in Matbat language?”
C. Objectives of the Research
Based on the problem statement, the objective of the research was to
investigate derivational process in Matbat language.

4. 4
D. Significance of the Research
This studied was expected to be contributive on theoretical and
practical aspects. Theoretically study was hoped to examine the theory
concern of morphology, most particularly of derivational theory. Practical
study is hopefully can be taken into granted as one of references by those who
concern on language study. This study can be used as information by students
or language learners who have been studying about morphology.
The results of the research are expected to be useful information for the
people who want to learn structure variety and for the English departments
teachers in order that it can be applied as a phrase book in comparison of
language.
E. Scope of Research
To avoid the broader discussion, the scope of study restricted on
derivational process in Matbat language, covering the change of words class
these are: adjective to verb, adjective to noun, and verbs to noun.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study
There have been a great number of researchers who conducted the study
in line with the current issue. Kesuma (2009) on her research ‘The
Morphemic Shifts in Translation of John Shors beneath a Marble Sky into Taj
Mahal by Merhya Rose’ explained that morphemic shifts are one of shift that
used to keep the meaning still constant in the target language.
Morphemic shift consist of shift from morpheme to word and
morpheme to phrase and there is no shift from morpheme to word and shift
from morpheme to phrase. Shift from morpheme to word occurred in prefix:
un-, im-, re-, -dis, under-, out-, a-, extra-, over-, and suffix: -ing, -ly. –s, -er, -
less, -est, -ed (suffix which showed the past of the meaning form). The
morpheme which added in the beginning (prefix) and in the end (suffix) of
the word in Source Language (SL) into the target language (TL) can be
change the word class.
According to Zapata (2007: 2), in ‘Types of Words and Word-
Formation Processes in English’ explained that the smallest units of language
that have a meaning or a grammatical function and form words or parts of
words are called morphemes. In writing, individual morphemes are usually
represented by their graphic form, or spelling; e.g., -es, -er, un-, re-; or by

6. 6
their graphic form between bracers, { }; e.g., {-es}, {-er}, {un-}, {re-}. The
branch of linguistics in charge of studying the smallest meaningful units of
language (i.e., morphemes), their different forms, the internal structure of
words, and the processes and rules by which words are formed is called
morphology. The types of morphemes are depending on the way morphemes
occur in an utterance, they are grouped into two large groups: free
morphemes and bound morphemes.
Aronoff and Fudeman (1997) in ‘Morphology and Morphologycal
Analysis’ argue that a major way in which morphologists investigate words,
their internal structure, and how they are formed is through the identification
and study of morphemes, often defined as the smallest linguistic pieces with a
grammatical function. This definition is not meant to include all morphemes,
but it is the usual one and a good starting point. A morpheme may consist of a
word, such as hand, or a meaningful piece of a word, such as the –ed of
looked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. Another way in
which morphemes have been defined is as a pairing between sound and
meaning. We have purposely chosen not to use this definition. Some
morphemes have no concrete form or no continuous form, as we will see, and
some do not have meanings in the conventional sense of the term.

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B. Some Pertinent Ideas
1. Definition of Morphology
Radford (2004) defines morphology is the study of how words are
formed out of smaller units (called morphemes). Morphology is at the
conceptual centre of linguistics. This is not because it is the dominant sub
discipline, but because morphology is the study of word structure, and
words are at the interface between phonology, syntax and semantics.. The
same definition also described by McCarthy (2002: 16) who said that the
area of grammar concerned with the structure of words and with
relationships between words involving the morphemes that compose
them is technically called morphology, from the Greek word morpheme
‘form, shape’; and morphemes can be thought of as the minimal units of
morphology.
According to Aronof and Fudeman, that in ‘Morphology and
Morphological Analysis’ morph- means ‘shape, form’, and morphology
is the study of form or forms. In biology, morphology refers to the study
of the form and structure of organisms, and in geology it refers to the
study of the configuration and evolution of land forms. In linguistics,
morphology refers to the mental system involved in word formation or to
the branch of linguistics that deals with words, their internal structure,
and how they are formed.
From the definitions above we can conclude that morphology is
branch of linguistics that studies the word form, the forming process of

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word and also it’s changing in forms which creates the difference in
function an meaning
2. Definition of Morpheme
According to Iriskulov (2006: 10) in ‘Theoretical Grammar of
English’ said that the smallest meaningful unit is called morph. The
morphs that have identical meanings are grouped into one morpheme. It
means the morphs and morphemes are speech and language units that
have both form (or shape) and meanings. The smallest meaningful unit of
language is called a morpheme while the smallest meaningful unit of
speech is called a morph. There’s a notion of allomorph in linguistics. By
allomorphs the linguists understand the morphs that have identical
meanings and that are grouped into one morpheme. There may be
another definition of the allomorphs: the variants (or options, or
alternates) of a morpheme are called allomorphs.
In advanced discussion, Radford defined that morpheme is smaller
units of word. Furthermore, Plag (2002) said that, we can thus
decompose complex words into their smallest meaningful units. These
units are called morphemes. For example, employee can be analyzed as
being composed of the verb employ and the ending -ee, the adjective
unhappy can be analyzed as being derived from the adjective happy. By
the attachment of the element un-, and decolonialization can be
segmented into the smallest parts de-, colony, -al, -ize, and -ation.

9. 9
3. Kinds of Morphemes
a. Bound and Free Morphemes
Many linguists have explained about morpheme and they
divided it into two types, namely bound morpheme and free
morpheme. The following are explanation of morpheme according
to the linguist: According to Plag (2002), some morphemes can
occur only if attached to some other morpheme(s). Such
morphemes are called bound morphemes, in contrast to free
morphemes, which do occur on their own. Some bound
morphemes, for example un-, must always be attached before the
central meaningful element of the word, the so-called root, stem or
base, whereas other bound morphemes, such as -ity, -ness, or -less,
must follow the root. Using Latin-influenced terminology, un- is
called a prefix, -ity a suffix, with affix being the cover term for all
bound morphemes that attach to roots.
According to Zapata (2007 : 2) bound (or dependent)
morphemes are those morphemes which never occur alone as
words but as parts of words; they must be attached to another
morpheme (usually a free morpheme) in order to have a distinct
meaning; e.g., -er in worker, -er in taller, -s in walks, -ed in
passed, re- as in reappear, un- in unhappy, undo, ness in
readiness, -able in adjustable;-ceive in conceive, receive, -tain

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in contain, obtain, etc. There are two types of bound
morphemes: bound roots and affixes.
a. Bound roots are those bound morphemes which have lexical
meaning when they are attached to other bound morphemes
to form content words; e.g., -ceive in receive, conceive; -tain
in retain, contain; place- in implacable, placate; cran- in
cranberry, etc. Notice that bound roots can be prefixed or
suffixed to other affixes.
b. Affix the word element is added before, after or at the root or
stem (base form of a word) to produce a new word.; e.g., -
ment in development, en- in enlarge; ’s in John’s; -s in claps,
-ing in studying, etc
Free or independent morphemes are those morphemes which
can occur alone as words and have a meaning or fulfill a
grammatical function; e.g., man, run, etc. There are two types
of free morphemes.
a. Lexical (content or referential) morphemes are free
morphemes that have semantic content (or meaning) and
usually refer to a thing, quality, state or action. For instance,
in a language, these morphemes generally take the forms of
nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs; e.g., dog, Peter, house,
build, stay, happy, intelligent, quickly, always. Actually,
lexical morphemes constitute the larger class of morphemes.

11. 11
They form the open class of words (or content words) in a
language, i.e., a class of words likely to grow due to the
incorporation of new members into it.
b. Function (al) or grammatical morphemes are free morphemes
which have little or no meaning on their own, but which
show grammatical relationships in and between sentences.
For instance, in a language, these morphemes are represented
by prepositions, conjunctions, articles, demonstratives,
auxiliary verbs, pronouns; e.g., with, but, the, this, can, who,
me. It should be said that function words are almost always
used in their unstressed form.
According to Adeniyi (2010: 9-10), a bound morpheme is
that morpheme that cannot stand or occur as an independent
word. It has to be attached to a free morpheme or word to have a
clear meaning. Examples of bound morphemes are –ment, -en, -
ing, -ed, -ness, -ful, mis-, -anti, -less, etc in the following free
morphemes or words. Government, encouragement, dancing,
accepted, happiness, hopeless, etc. Another name for the bound
morpheme is empty morphemes.
They can also be called grammatical indicators because
they have the tendency to affect grammar. For example, this
sentence:

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The lecturer glad praised God. The omission of – ly in glad
renders the sentence ungrammatical. Grammatically, the
sentence should read, “the lecturer gladly praised God”.
Most bound morphemes are grammatical or functional
elements in language. Bound morphemes are consist of two
types. Some bound morphemes have the ability of changing
word class or forming or generating new words while others
only inflect the word they are added to. Furthermore, according
to McCarthy (2002: 18), the morphemes in the word helpfulness,
not all have the same status. Help, -ful and -ness are not simply
strung together like beads on a string. Rather, the core, or
starting-point, for the formation of this word is help; the
morpheme -ful is then added to form helpful, which in turn is the
basis for the formation of helpfulness. In using the word ‘then’
here, I am not referring to the historical sequence in which the
words help, helpful and helpfulness came into use; I am talking
rather about the structure of the word in contemporary English –
a structure that is part of the implicit linguistic knowledge of all
English speakers, whether or not they know anything about the
history of the English language.
There are two reasons for calling help the core of this
word. One is that help supplies the most precise and concrete
element in its meaning, shared by a family of related words like

13. 13
helper, helpless, helplessness and unhelpful that differ from one
another in more abstract ways. Another reason is that, of the
three morphemes in helpfulness, only help can stand on its own
– that is, only help can, in an appropriate context, constitute an
utterance by itself. That is clearly not true of -ness, nor is it true
of -ful. (Historically -ful is indeed related to the word full, but
their divergence in modern English is evident if one compares
words like helpful and cheerful with other words that really do
contain full, such as half-full and chock-full.) In self-explanatory
fashion, morphemes that can stand on their own are called free,
and ones that cannot are bound.
A salient characteristic of English – a respect in which
English differs from many other languages – is that a high
proportion of complex words are like helpfulness and un-
Clintonish in that they have a free morpheme (like help and
Clinton) at their core. Compare the two columns of words listed
at (1), all of which consist uncontroversial of two morphemes,
separated by a hyphen:
Read- able Leg- ible
Hear- ing Audi- ence
Perform- ance Rend-ition
White- ness Clar-ity

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Dark- en Obfusc- ate
Seek- er Applic-ant
1. Root, Affix, Combining Form
Adeniyi (2010: 13 - 14) said that the term affixation can
be defined as a morphological process of attaching an element
usually called an affix to the root or base of a word. For example
‘courage’ is a root of a word; when –en is added to it, it becomes
encourage, and when – ment is added to it, it becomes
encouragement. Both –en and –ment are affixes. But while –en
is a prefix (an element added to the beginning of a word), -ment
is a suffix (an element added to the end of a word). Thus, the
structural formula of a word is (P) B (S) where P and S and
prefix and suffix respectively and they are both optional, B is
base and it is mandatory.
Hence, B is the free morpheme that can stand on its own.
Other examples include:
Un
(P)
Comfort
B
Able
(S)
Un
(P)
Educate
B
d
(S)
Dis
(p)
Establish
B
Ment
(S)

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We shall have an elaborate discussion on affixation in
morphological or word formation processes in subsequently.
According to McCarthy (2002: 20), in the native Germanic
portion of the vocabulary, the root of a complex word is usually
free, from the non-root morphemes in the words that we have
looked at so far, those that precede the root (like en- in enlarge)
are called prefixes, while those that follow it are called suffixes
(like -ance in performance, -ness in whiteness, and -able in
readable). We have encountered far more suffixes than prefixes,
and that is not an accident: there are indeed more suffixes than
prefixes in English. An umbrella term for prefixes and suffixes
(broadly speaking, for all morphemes that are not roots) is affix.
Only root morphemes can be free, so affixes are
necessarily bound. We have already noticed that the morphemes
-ful and -ness of helpfulness cannot stand on their own. At this
point, it may seem to some readers that terminology is
proliferating unnecessarily. If affixes are always bound, do not
‘bound morpheme’ and ‘affix’ mean essentially the same thing?
Likewise, if roots are usually free, do we really need both the
terms ‘root’ and ‘free morpheme’? The answer lies in the word
‘usually’ in the previous sentence. Affixes are indeed always
bound, but it is not the case that roots are always free. A

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cranberry morpheme can be thought of as a bound root that
occurs in only one word.
We have so far encountered two main kinds of complex
word: ones with a single free root, and ones with a single bound
root. Is it the case, then, that a word can contain no more than
one root? Certainly not – indeed, such words are very common;
they are compounds, already mentioned in connection with
cranberry morphemes. Examples are bookcase, motorbike,
penknife, truck-driver.
The point of mentioning compounds again now is that, if a
complex word can be formed out of two (or more) free roots, it
is natural to ask whether a word can contain two or more bound
roots. The answer is yes – although, in the light of the English
language’s preference for free roots, they are not nearly as
common as ordinary compounds.
Examples of words with two bound roots are electrolysis,
electros copy, microscopy, microcosm, pachyderm, echinoderm.
Other words which, like cranberry, contain one bound and one
free root are microfilm, electrometer and Sino-Japanese
(assuming that Japanese contains the free root Japan). It will be
evident straight away that these are mostly not words in
common use; in fact, I would expect few readers of this book to

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be familiar with all of them. Unlike ordinary compounds, these
words are nearly all technical terms of scientific vocabulary,
coined self-consciously out of non-English elements, mostly
from Latin and Greek. Because of the big difference between
ordinary compounds and these learned words, and because of
the non- English character of the bound morphemes that
compose them, many linguists and dictionary-makers classify
these bound morphemes as neither affixes nor bound roots (such
as we encountered in but place them in a special category of
combining forms.
Given that native English words generally contain free
roots, we might expect that, if a word made up of combining
forms is in common use, the morphemes within it should tend to
acquire the status of free morphemes. This expectation turns out
to be correct. For example, the word photograph existed, as a
learned technical term composed of combining forms, before the
word photo; but photo must now be classified as a free
morpheme. Other combining forms that have more recently
‘acquired their freedom’ are micro- and macro- (as in at a micro
level or a macro scale) and netro-, as applied to music or
fashion.

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b. Derivational Morpheme
a. The Understanding of Derivational
According to Zapata (2007), based on the function affixes fulfill
in the language, affixes are classified into derivational affixes
(derivational morphemes or derivations) and inflectional affixes
(inflectional morphemes or inflections). Derivational affixes are
morphemes that create (or derive) new words, usually by either
changing the meaning and/or the part of speech. In English,
derivational morphemes can be either prefixes or suffixes. For
example, un-+ happy (adj.) = unhappy (adj.); re-+ classify (v) =
reclassify (v.); by-+ product (n.) = by-product.
Cahyono in (Damanik, 2009:23) divides bound morpheme into
two, they are derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme.
Derivational morpheme is bound morpheme creating a new word by
changing either the meaning (example, happy vs unhappy) or the part
of speech (syntactic category, example: ripe [adj] vs ripen [verb] or
both. While inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme creating a
different form of the same word by changing either part of speech or
meaning, but only refine and give extra grammatical information
about the already existing meaning of a word. For example, Cat and
Cats are both nouns and refer the same thing, but Cats with the plural
morpheme –s, contains the additional information that there are more
than one of these things.

19. 19
Spencer and Zwicky (2001: 35) unlike inflectional morphology,
which specifies the grammatical functions of words in phrases without
altering their meaning, derivational morphology or word formation is
so named because it usually results in the derivation of a new word
with new meaning.
Adeniyi (2010: 11-13) explain that a derivational morpheme
which is also called a derived morpheme is a type of bound morpheme
which generates or creates new words by either changing the class of
word or forming new words. This change in word class, caused by the
addition of a derivational bound morpheme, is not restricted to a
particular class of words. It affects all classes of words. This
transformation does not, however, affect the lexical meaning of the
base forms of the free morpheme. That is, the lexical meanings of the
core or base or free morpheme remain unchanged. These examples of
derivational are common in the English language:
1. Verbs to Nouns
Verb suffix Noun
break age Breakage
govern ment Government
Pay Ee Payee

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2. Adjectives to Nouns
Adjective Suffix Noun
rapid ity Rapidity
kind ness Kindness
fragrant ce Fragrance
humble ity Humility
3. Adjectives to Verbs
Adjective Suffix Verb
weak En Weaken
liquid Ize Liquidize
solid Fy Solidify

21. 21
Furthermore, it is also explained that, derivational bound
morpheme has features as follows:
1) They change the meaning or word class e.g govern + ment
government.
2) They indicate semantic relations in words e.g. the morpheme – ful
in hopeful does not relate to any other word in the language except
the free morpheme hopeful.
3) It operates a close circuit kind of relationship. For example, some
bound morphemes like ‘hood’ carefully choose their root; they do
not collocate with every other word in the language.
4) It occurs before the inflectional bound morphemes they should co-
occur. For example, teach + er teacher + s teachers (verb) (bound
morpheme) (a new word) inflectional Thus, ‘er’ comes before ‘s’.
In the examples given above, the derivational morphemes
resulted in a change from one word class to the other. This is what
derivational morphology is all about
b. Kinds of Derivation
According to Spencer and Zwicky (2001:43-46), derivation
refers to any process which results in the creation of a new word.
Some types of derivation do not fit into derivational paradigms. It is
well known that words may be missing analyzed when a phonological
sequence identical with that of an affix is misperceived as that affix.
The result is that a previously nonexistent underlying base is extracted

22. 22
and added to the permanent lexical store via a process known as back
formation. They also categorized the characterization partially fits
several other types of word formation which need to be distinguished
from regular, grammatically determined derivation in two types, they
are:
1. Featural Derivation
Featural derivation does not change the category of the
underlying base, but operates on the values of inherent features. In
most languages which support natural gender, the default or
unmarked form is masculine. A convenient technical notation of
the fact that unmarked as masculine nouns may refer to males or
femalesis [+Feminine, +Masculine]. This requires a Jakobsonian
principle of markedness whereby in cases of conflict, the surface
realization will default to that of the unmarked category, masculine.
Thus the Russian noun student ‘student’ may refer to females or
males, but all grammatical agreement will be the same as purely
masculine nouns like brat ‘brother’, otec ‘father’, which cannot
refer to females.
Default masculines like student differ from pure masculines
in that they are susceptible to feminization. This requires some rule
on the order of student(ø) →student-k(a) which converts the default
masculine noun into a purely feminine one and marks this fact by

23. 23
transferring the base from declension I, marked in the nominative
by -ø, to declension II, marked in the nominative by -a. All that is
required grammatically and semantically of this rule is the toggling
of the masculine feature from positive to negative: that is:
[+Feminine + Masculine] → [+Feminine - Masculine].
Converts the lexical description of the base from unmarked
masculine to marked feminine like the purely feminine nouns sestra
‘sister’ and mat’ ‘mother’, which may refer only to females and not
to males. The addition of any feature [+Feminine] would be
inappropriate since applies only to nouns with natural gender: that
is, those which inherently (lexically) possess lexical gender
features.
2. Functional Derivation
Kuryłowicz in (Spencer and Zwicky, 2001: 45) said that first
distinguished rules which add features to the underlying base from
those which merely change its category. For example: (a) recruit:
recruit-er, (b) recruit: recruit-ee, (c) bake: bak-ery. Kuryłowicz
referred to this type of derivation as “derivation lexical,” because
the derivate differed semantically from its base.

24. 24
3. Transposition
According to Marchand in (Spencer and Zwicky, 2001: 46)
said that another type of derivation which reflects a simple change
of category without any functional change is transposition, for
examples:
a. walk: walk-ing (V → N),
b. new: new-ness (A → N),
c. budget: budget-ary (N → A)
Transposition introduces no argument structure, but simply
shifts a stem from one category to another, sometimes marking the
fact affixally, sometimes not. The definition of dryness must
coincide with that of dry in all essential respects, since, unlike bake
and baker; its reference is identical to that of its base. The same is
true of all the relations represented in (9). Whether transpositions
are marked by real or zero affixation is a separate issue, bound up
with the general issue of the nature of zero morphology.
4. Expressive Derivation
Expressive derivation does not change the referential scope
of its input; however, expressive derivation also does not change
the lexical category of the base. As The formal variation reflects
subjective perceptions of the speaker whether he perceives the rain
to be relatively light, beneficial, or pleasant.

25. 25
There is no obvious means of relegating expressive
derivation to any of the other three types. The categories involved
are not found elsewhere in grammar as are functional categories,
nor are they inherent lexical categories like gender. Since
expressive derivation does not involve a category change, it cannot
be a form of transposition. It therefore remains mysterious in many
respects.

26. 26
C. Conceptual Framework
This study was initially started by having some understanding on
English Morphology theory or concept. This reveals a pre- input to analyze
contrastively such derivation process in Matbat language.the description of
how this study conducted is represent in the following chapture:
Morphology
Morpheme
Bound MorphemeFree Morpheme
Derivation Inflection
Affixation
Derivational Process in
Matbat language
Pure Linguistics

27. 27
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Research Method and Design
In this research, the writer used descriptive qualitative method.
According to Beverley (1998), Qualitative research is concerned with
developing explanations of social phenomena. That is to say, it aims to help
us to understand the world in which we live and why things are the way they
are.
This research has designed into natural linguistics which explored
derivational process in Matbat language. All data was taken objectively and
based on the fact or phenomena empirically. So, it absolutely describes
factual and natural data obtained in the field.
B. Subject of Research
The sources of data in this research will be taken from native speakers
of Matbat language. The criteria of informants in this research are:
a) Native Speaker
b) Interviewer

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C. Procedure of Research
In this way, writer made some words lists which contain derivational
process that contributing 10 words and distributed the native speakers of
Matbat language. The words lists were written in Indonesian language. Those
who were going to work on the work list were 04 persons. After the writer
divided these words lists, the informant asked to translate these words list in
Matbat language. After that the writer analyzed all of data.
D. Instrument of Research
Instruments used in conducting this study is a list of words in the
language Matbat and informants are natives Matbat rate as the main
instrument of qualitative research
E. Data Analysis
To analyze the data, the writer would like to employ Miles and
Huberman’s( 1984 ) Qualitative Data Analysis such as:
Miles and Huberman (Emzir, 2010) states that there are three kinds of
qualitative data analysis activities, namely:
1. Data Reduction
The data obtained in the field is quite a lot, it is necessary to note carefully
and in detail. Data reduction means: summarizing, choose the basic things,
focus on things that are important, look for themes and patterns and
discard unnecessary. Reduced data will give a clear picture and facilitate

29. 29
researchers to conduct further data collection, and look for it when needed.
Data reduction can be assisted by an electronic device such as a computer,
to give the code on certain aspects. With the reduction, the researchers
summarize, pick up important data, make categorization, based uppercase,
lowercase letters and numbers. Data that is not important discarded.
2. Data Display
Once the data is reduced, then the next step is mendisplaykan data.Display
data in qualitative research can be done in the form of: a brief description,
the chart, the relationship between categories, flowchart and so on. Miles
and Huberman (1984) states: "the most frequent form of qualitative
research data display for the data in the fitting has been narative tex"
means: that is most often used to present data in qualitative research with
narrative text. In addition in the form of a narrative, the data display can
also be a graph, matrix, network (networks). Social phenomena are
complex, and dynamic so that what is found when entering the field and
after the last for a while in the field will experience growth data.
Researchers should always examine what has been discovered at the time
of entering a field that is still hypothetical it develops or not. If after a long
time to enter the field turns always supported the hypothesis formulated at
the time the data were collected in the field, then the hypothesis is proven
and will evolve into a grounded theory. Grounded theory is a theory that
found inductively, based on the data found in the field, and then tested
through ongoing data collection. When the patterns were found to have

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been supported by the data for the study, then the pattern into a standard
pattern that is no longer changed. The pattern is further didisplaykan in the
final report of the study.
3. Withdrawal / Verification Conclusion
The third step is the conclusion and verification. Preliminary conclusions
presented are still provisional, and will change if not found strong
evidence that supports the next stage of data collection. But if the
conclusion was supported by evidence that is valid and consistent when
researchers returned to the field to collect data, the conclusions put
forward a credible conclusion (trustworthy).
Conclusions in qualitative research may be able to answer the problem
formulation formulated from the beginning, but maybe not, because of the
problem and the problem in qualitative research is still tentative and will
be developed after research in the field. Conclusion expected in qualitative
research is a new finding that had not been there. The findings could be a
description or picture of an object that previously were not clear, so that
after the investigation became clear.

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CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Finding
This chapter explains about derivational process that found in Matbat
Misool language. It was analyzed based on morphology, specifically about
morpheme that has function to change the word class. To analyze the data, the
writer made the list of words. To describe it the writer used qualitative
method. The data that show derivational process in Matbat Misool language
were as follow:
1. Derivation of Adjective to verb
No Adjective Prefix Infix Suffix Verb
1
Mto
Many
Laponpo
Mtolaponpo
Increase
2
Tacok
stupid
Lotem
Tacoklotem
Stupidity
3
Lek
broken
Beheu-
Lekbeheu
Break
4
Matip
dark
Heu
Matipheu
Darken
5
Manet
strong
Befi-
Manetbefi
Strengthen
6
Ponca
secure
Ha
Ponhaca
Secure

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7
Msiu
black
Befi-
Msiubefi
Blacken
8
Kurun
minimal
Lotem
Kurunlotem
Minimize
9
Hakal
itchy
Lilotem
Hakallilotem
make
someone
itchy
10
Mtolon
True
Fa
Famtolon
Correct
Table 4.1
Process Derivation of Adjective to Verb

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2. Derivation of Adjective to Noun
No Adjective Suffix Noun
1
Barasi
Clean
Lotem-
Barasilotem
Cleanliness
2
Mlom
Clear
De-
Mlonde
Clarity
3
Kamlot
Cool
De-
Kamlotde
Coolness
4
Fi
Good
Lotem-
Filotem
goodness
5
Hannang
Happy
Lotem-
Hannanglotem
Happiness
6
Mna
Fat
Lotem-
Mnalotem
Fatness
7
Jurom
Brave
De-
Juromde
Bravery
8
Cap
Beautiful
Lotem-
Caplotem
beautifulness
9
Manet
Strong
Lotem-
Manetlotem
Strength
10
Tacok
Stupid
Lotem-
Tacoklotem
Stupidity
Table 4.2 Process Derivation of Adjective to Noun

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3. Derivation of Verb to Noun
In Matbat language, there were two ways to consntruct noun from
verb. They are as follow:
No Verb Prefix Noun
1
Soi
Sureender
Hi-
HiSoi
Surrendered
2
Mu
Rid
Hi-
HiMu
Riddance
3
Jei
Assist
Hi-
Hijei
Assistance
4
Fakain
Marry
Hi-
HiFakainhi
Marriage
5
Tandang
Walk
Hi-
HiTandang
Walked
6
Pasu
Desire
Hi-
HiPasu
Desired
7
Hagat
Devise
Hi-
HiHagat
Devised
8
Fon
Add
Hi-
HiFon
Addtion
9
Heng
Observe
Hi-
HiHeng
Observe
10
Bin
Inform
Hi-
HiBin
Information
Table 4.3 Process Derivation of Verb to Noun

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B. Discussion
In here, the writer discussed the data that found about derivational
process in Matbat language
1. Derivation of Adjective to Verb
In Matbat language, derivation of adjective to verb is constructed by
adding morpheme ”laponpo, lotem, beheu, heu, befi, etc“ at the enddig of
adjective to form verb. For example the words: Mtolaponpo (increase),
tacoklotem (fool), Lekbeheu (break), Matipheu (darken), Msiubefi
(blacken), etc.
Morpheme “laponpo, lotem, beheu, heu, befi “is bound and the
words that attached on it are free morphemes, like the words tacok, lek, fi..
It is distinguished with derivation of adjective to verb in English is by
attaching morpheme –en in the end of root adjective. For examples,
weaken, blacken, darken, broaden, shorten etc. Beside morpheme -en, to
construct derivation of adjective to verb, in English is also exist morpheme
–ize in the end of adjective, as the examples are minimize, and also suffix
fy for example is beautify, etc (Adeneyi, 2010: 11). These words are
constructed on two morphemes, namely free morpheme and bound
morpheme. The free morphemes are weak, black, dark, broad, minimal,
and beautiful, while the bound morphemes are:-en,–ize, and -fy which
attach in the end of the adjective.

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The distinguished derivation of adjective to verb; in English, we can
find morpheme-en, -ly in the end of adjective (prefix). These adjectives
have listed in the dictionary. For example the words; , weaken, blacken,
darken, sturdily, vastly, and pleasantly . In Matbat language, to construct
verb from adjective just can be done by attaching morpheme laponpo in
the endding of adjective, for examples are mtolaponpo (increase),
tacoklotem (fool), lekbeheu (break), matipheu (darken), msiubefi
(blacken), etc
2. Derivation of Adjective to Noun
In Matbat language, derivation of adjective to noun is constructed by
adding morpheme ”lotem“ and “de” in the endding of adjective (suffix).
For examples, the words: kamlotde (coolness), mlonde (clarity),
tacoklotem (stupidity), hannanglotem (happiness), etc. Suffix “de,
lotem“is bound morpheme, while the words that attached on it are free
morphemes, like the words kamlot, mlon, hannang, tacok, etc.
It is different with English derivation of adjective to noun. In
English, it is constructed by attaching morphemes “–ness, -ity, and –ing”
in the end of adjective (suffix) like the words: foolishness, badness,
darkness, security, etc (Adeneyi, 2010: 11). These words are constructed
by two morphemes, namely free morpheme and bound morpheme. The
free morphemes are the words foolish, bad, dark, black, secure, etc. while

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bound morpheme is – ness, -ity, and -ing. It is difference with derivation of
adjective to noun in Matbat language.
3. Derivation of Verb to Noun
In Matbat language, to build a derivation of the verb to noun is by
adding bound morpheme “Hi” at the beginning of the verb to form a noun,
for example the words Hifakainhi (marriage), Himu (riddance), etc. It is
very different from the derivational process in English. In English,
derivation of verb to object morpheme is added at the end of the verb.

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BAB V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Having analyzed the data in the previous chapter, the writer concluded
that derivational process in Matbat language are reflected by some derivations
such as: 1) adjective to verb that constructed by adding morpheme laponpo,
lotem, heu, and beheu for examples: mtolaponpo (increase), tacoklotem (
fool), lekbeheu (break), matipheu (darken),etc. 2) Adjective to noun that
constructed by adding morpheme de,lotem, for examples are the words
barasilotem (cleanliness), juromde (bravery), caplotem (beautifuliness)etc. 6)
verb to noun that constructed by adding morpheme morpheme hi, for
examples are hifakainhi (marriage), himu (riddance),etc.
So, constructions derivational process in Matbat language are
morphemes laponpo, lotem, heu and beheu (for adjective to verb), morpheme
de, lotem(for adjective to noun), and also morphemes hi (for verb to noun.)

39. 39
B. Suggestions
The result of this study expected can be useful for the readers to
increase their understanding about derivational process in Matbat language. It
is also hoped that this study will be useful to other researchers related with
derivation aspects such as morphology.
The writer recognizes that this study is still far from the perfect.
Therefore it is suggested for the readers to give some constructive criticism
and suggestion to make it better.