Chapter 8 the digestive system
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The document discusses various parts of the digestive system including the stomach, throat, intestines, and colon and mentions common issues like pain, ulcers, appendicitis, and colonoscopies. It appears to provide an overview of different areas within the digestive system and some related medical conditions or procedures.
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Abdomen mich
Place your hand on the patient's
right knee and gently press inward while
the patient internally rotates the leg.
Pain in the right groin area is a positive
obturator sign.
This maneuver stretches the obturator
muscle and nerve.
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ASSESSING FOR APPENDICITIS
- History of RLQ pain migrating to umbilicus
- RLQ tenderness and guarding
- Positive psoas sign
- Rebound tenderness in RLQ
- Rovsing's sign
- Obturator sign
These findings suggest appendicitis.
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Abdomen mich
Place your hand on the patient's
right knee and gently press inward while
the patient internally rotates the leg.
Pain in the right groin area is a positive
obturator sign.
This maneuver stretches the obturator
muscle and nerve.
ABDOMEN
ASSESSING FOR APPENDICITIS
- History of RLQ pain migrating to umbilicus
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ABDOMEN
ASSESSING FOR APPENDICITIS
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The document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, signs and symptoms. Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intestinal contents is blocked, either mechanically or functionally due to impaired motility. It can be classified as partial or complete, and by its cause as mechanical or non-mechanical. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and other intrinsic lesions of the bowel wall or lumen. Reliable signs of mechanical obstruction include the cardinal symptoms of obstruction (pain, vomiting, constipation) plus palpable mass and high-pitched bowel sounds. Untreated, mechanical obstructions can rapidly become life-threatening.
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1. Fat stranding refers to abnormal increased attenuation of fat seen on CT scans that is caused by edema and engorgement of lymphatics due to inflammation.
2. Common causes of fat stranding include diverticulitis, epiploic appendagitis, omental infarction, appendicitis, bowel ischemia, and malignancy. Diverticulitis is suggested by disproportionate fat stranding greater than bowel wall thickening.
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Resources:
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The document provides guidance on evaluating a patient presenting with an abdominal lump. It outlines taking a thorough history including demographics, present complaints, associated symptoms, past medical history, and family history. A comprehensive physical exam of the abdomen and other systems is described. Differential diagnoses are provided for lumps in various abdominal regions, including the right hypochondrium, epigastrium, lumbar regions, umbilical region, right and left lower quadrants. Recommended investigations are ultrasound and other imaging and labs guided by history and exam to determine the cause.
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X Rays: chest injury, abdomen- bowel obstruction & perforation, KUB &IVP
This document provides guidance on interpreting chest x-rays by describing the key elements to evaluate in the lungs, heart, bones, and soft tissues. It outlines the systematic "ABCDE" approach of assessing the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and everything else visible on the x-ray. Details are given on normal anatomy and common injuries or pathologies to identify, such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, rib fractures, and lung opacities. The document also reviews interpreting abdominal x-rays and genitourinary imaging studies like KUB, IVP, and identifying kidney stones, masses, and structural abnormalities.
clinical course" Acute abdomen "
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X Rays: chest injury, abdomen- bowel obstruction & perforation, KUB &IVP
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